Using metabolic flux balance model , the metabolic flux balance of L- v aline synthesis was established in this paper by material balances and linear p rogramming method. The analysis results indicate that 62.8% metabolic flux ent er ed EMP pathway and 38.2% metabolic flux entered the HMP pathway. And only 9.2 % c arbon entered the TCA cycle. But comparing to the optimal flux distributions of 92.31, the production of L-valine should be improved from the genetic manipula ti on and fermentation control through reducing byproduct of amino acid and decreas ing the metabolic flux.

Objective To investigate the effect of dietary fiber on carbohydrate metabolism of healthy volunteers after the intake of corn starch meal. Methods Totally 12 healthy volunteers aged (25. 8 ± 5. 3) years were enrolled in this study, and they were equally randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B). This was an open, randomized, cross-over, and two-period study, and each period lasted for one day. In period 1, the subjects in group A received fiber-free corn starch and group B received high-fiber corn starch (containing 16 g dietary fiber). In period 2, the two groups are crossed. There was a one-week wash-out time between the two study days. On the study day, breath samples of fasting and 0. 5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0,7. 0, 8. 0 hours post meal were collected to measure13 CO2. Results The delta over baseline at 0. 5, 1.5, 2. 0,2. 5, 3. 0, 4. 0 hour after test meal in fiber free group and in high fiber group were 0. 79, 2. 03, 2. 57, 2. 86,3. 02, 3. 18 and 0. 16, 1. 33, 1.77, 2. 10, 2. 34, 2.42, respectively (the P value was 0. 014, 0. 014, 0. 011,0.018, 0. 036, and 0.020, respectively). Peak concentration of delta over baseline of fiber free group and high fiber group was 3.18 and 2. 56 respectively, there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0. 05) ,peak time of the group at 4. 0 hour and 3. 5 hour respectively, showed significant difference (P = 0. 032). The cumulative percentage dose recovered 0. 5-6. 0 hours after test meal in fiber-free group and in high-fiber group were 0.41, 1.46, 3.15, 5.50, 8.28, 11.30, 14.42, 17. 62, 23. 65, 28. 78 and 0. 09, 0. 55, 1.61, 3.22,5.23,7.53, 10.09, 12.68, 17.60, 22.27 respectively (the P value was 0.014, 0.018, 0.018, 0.014, 0.013,0.014, 0.018, 0.020, 0.025, and 0.044, respectively). However, there was no significant difference 6.0 hours after meal (P > 0. 05 ). Conclusion The dietary fiber used in this study can delay the absorption of carbohydrate 6. 0 hours within intake without influencing its total absorption amount.

Objective To compare scene simulation teaching method with traditional methods on training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for the practice students. Methods A convenience sample of 62 nursing students in the emergency department of our hospital in 2014 were recruited as the observation group,and 75 practice students in 2013 were recruited as the control group. The observation group used the scene simulation teaching method for students and the control group used the traditional methods. The students′theoretical knowledge, operation skill of CPR and total score of core capability were compared between two groups. Results The theoretical knowledge, operation skill of CPR and total score of core capability in the observation group were (85.23±6.36), (86.90±4.85), (217.98±6.06), significantly higher than those of the control group, which were (75.36±7.77), (82.38±8.84), (209.33±8.91), t= 8.02, 3.60 and 6.50, P<0.01. Conclusions The scene simulation teaching method is an effective form of emergency department training in CPR, help to improve students practice ability and the ability of emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background and purpose:Through detection of MG7-Ag expression in various types of gastric mucosa biopsy tissues as well as serum,we studied their correlation and its clinical application value in the role of prediction of gastric precancerosis and its clinical significance.Methods:Using 125 samples of gastric mucosa biopsy tissues and corresponding sera(12 samples of normal gastric mucosa,21 samples of superficial gastritis,24 samples of gastric mucosal erosion and ulcer,15 samples of atrophic gastritis,22 samples of dysplasia,31 samples of gastric cancer)MG7-Ag expression in tissues was detected by SP immunohistochemical two-step staining;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum content of antigen MG7.Results:No expression of MG7 was detected in 12 samples of normal gastric mucosa and the positive expression rate of MGT-Ag was 93.55% in 31 samples of gastric cancer.In the order of superficial gastritis,gastric mucosal erosion,ulcer,atrophic gastritis,dysplasia and gastric cancer,expression rate of MG7 was increased sequentially(P

To illustrate the solubility involved in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) , the influences of artificial multicomponent environment on solubility were investigated in this study. Mathematical model was built to describe the variation trend of their influence on the solubility of puerarin. Carried out with progressive levels, single component environment: baicalin, berberine and glycyrrhizic acid; double-component environment: baicalin and glycyrrhizic acid, baicalin and berberine and glycyrrhizic acid and berberine; and treble-component environment: baicalin, berberin, glycyrrhizic acid were used to describe the variation tendency of their influences on the solubility of puerarin, respectively. And then, the mathematical regression equation model was established to characterize the solubility of puerarin under multicomponent environment.
Berberine ; chemistry ; Biopharmaceutics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; chemistry ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Solubility

BACKGROUNDMultidrug resistance (MDR) is a main reason for paclitaxel (TAX) treatment failure. Indirubin-3'-monoxime (IRO) and Matrine are traditional Chinese medicines, which may reverse the resistance of tumor cells to some chemotherapy drugs, but the relationship between paclitaxel resistance and Matrine is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the potential molecular mechanism of IRO and Matrine in reversal of TAX resistance.

METHODSIn this study, MTT assay was used to measure the non-cytotoxic dosage of IRO and Matrine on NCI-H520/TAX25 cells and determine the reversal extent of TAX resistance under non-toxic doses. In addition, RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the mRNA expression and the protein level of survivin, Oct-4, and Sox-2 in NCI-H520/TAX25 cells using semi-quantitative methods.

RESULTSThere was no obvious inhibition on sensitive cell strains and drug-resistant strains, when the final concentration was at lest 4 µmol/L for IRO and 100 µmol/L for Matrine. So 4 µmol/L of IRO and 100 µmol/L of Matrine were considered as the reversal dosage. When 4 µmol/L of IRO or 100 µmol/L of Matrine were used together with TAX, the sensitivity to TAX increased evidently in NCI-H520/TAX2 cells; the reversal rate of IRO and Matrine was about 1.92 (43.56/22.6 nmol/L) and 1.74 (43.56/25.0 nmol/L), respectively. The mRNA expression and the protein level of survivin, Oct-4, and Sox-2 in NCI-H520/TAX25 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after addition of IRO or Matrine in TAX treatment, compared to that of TAX treatment alone.

CONCLUSIONThe decrease in both mRNA expression and protein level of survivin, Oct-4, and Sox-2 might be the molecular mechanism, by which IRO and Matrine mediate the reversal of TAX resistance.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oximes ; pharmacology ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Chlamydia pneumoniae (C.pn) infection on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line HEp-2 cell adhesion and migration, to further clarify the role and mechanism of C.pn infection in tumor metastasis.

METHODSHEp-2 cells were infected with C.pn after the culture and propagation of C.pn. The cytopathic effect was observed by microscopy. Morphological characteristics of C.pn inclusions in HEp-2 cells were examined by fluorescence microscopy and acridine orange staining. The ultrastructural changes of C.pn inclusions in the HEp-2 cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell adhesion assay was performed to investigate the effect of C.pn infection on the adhesion of HEp-2 cells to collagen I. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay were performed to explore the effect of C.pn infection on HEp-2 cell migration.

RESULTSAt 72 h post-infection, C.pn infected-HEp-2 cells were swollen and partially desquamated. Numerous vacuoles (inclusions) were observed and C.pn inclusions occupied almost the whole cytoplasm of the HEp-2 cells. Grape-like C.pn inclusions were observed in the HEp-2 cells stained with acridine orange under a fluorescence microscope at 72 h after infection. Under TEM, there were more mature pear-shaped elementary bodies, but less larger and round reticulate bodies in the HEp-2 cells infected with C.pn for 72 h. In the cell adhesion assay, the A value in C.pn infection group was 0.669 ± 0.011, significantly higher than that in the control group (0.558 ± 0.005) at 2 h after infection (P < 0.001). The cell adhesion ratio in the C.pn infection group was 119.89%. The migration distance of C.pn infected-HEp-2 cells in the wound-healing assay was significantly longer than that of control cells at 24 h after infection (P < 0.05). HEp-2 cells infected with C.pn for 12 h migrated more than the control cells in the transwell assay (23.40 ± 2.41 vs 10.40 ± 1.67) (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSC.pn infection can significantly promote HEp-2 cell adhesion to collagen I and migration of HEp-2 cells, indicating that C.pn infection may play an important role in promoting the metastasis of laryngeal cancer.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; microbiology ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Chlamydophila Infections ; microbiology ; physiopathology ; Chlamydophila pneumoniae ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; microbiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the risk sexual behaviors related to AIDS between heterosexual and homosexual men who have had sex with men.

METHODSTarget sampling, anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare sexual behaviors between the two groups.

RESULTSThe total amount of sex partners with same-sex was 13.8 on average among heterosexual men including 3.8 with male partners in the past 6 months. Numbers of male partners who had oral sex with was 10.5 and anal sex was 12.4 which were both less than with same sex. Among heterosexual men, the total number of female partners was 4.9 on average but number of female partners in the past 6 months was 1.7 which were both more than that among the homosexuals who were all in marriage status. The rate of condom use was 68.8% (lower than that among homosexual men), among heterosexual men when having sex with men. The rate of condom use among heterosexual men during last anal intercourse was 91.3% with male partners or 63.7% with females. Both figures were higher than that among the homosexuals. The rates of condom use among the two groups were 91.3% and 71.0% respectively during the last anal intercourse with men which were higher than the corresponding rate of condom use during the last oral sex. The rate of heterosexual men who ever had engaged in group sex was 9.9% in the previous year and the incidence of bleeding was 16.7% during sexual intercourse. 11.4% of them reported ever having had sex with partners from other areas in the last year and 4.2% had experienced same-sex harassment before 16 years of age. 4.6% had paid for male-male sex. All these figures were lower than that of the homosexuals.

CONCLUSIONThe characteristics of high risk sexual behaviors related to AIDS showed much difference in the two groups which called for attention among these groups of MSM.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Adult ; Condoms ; utilization ; Heterosexuality ; statistics & numerical data ; Homosexuality, Male ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Partners ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore a method to repair larger cleft palate and lengthen soft palate without oral palate raw surface and scar formation, reduce the effect on maxilla and dental arch development.

METHODSA modified double opposing Z-plasty was used to lengthen soft palate and the nasal palate was closed by using large turn-over mucoperiosteal flaps on the oral surface of the junction of the hard palate and soft palate, oral raw surface on the palate was closed by a buccal myomucosal island flap.

RESULTSThirty-six palates have been repaired by this procedure, all of which had satisfactory results without flap necrosis, infection, difficulties in opening mouth and facial nerve injury except two post-operative fistulas. Eight patients were followed up and all display complete velopharyngeal closure.

CONCLUSIONSUsing unilateral buccinator myomucosal island flap with double opposing Z-plasty to repair wider palatal cleft can get a satisfactory soft palate lengthening. At the same time it can avoid bone surface exposing and scar formation; it is a safe and reliable procedure.

Adolescent ; Cheek ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the reconstruction of wide vermilion and orbicularis oris muscle defect with satisfactory outcome of aesthetics, sensation, and function.

METHODSThe buccal musculomucosal flap based on the anterior buccal branches of the facial artery was used to reconstruct wide defect of vermilion and orbicularis oris muscle on upper or lower lip.

RESULTS7 patients were treated. 5 cases had no postoperative complication. Partial mucosal necrosis on the tip of the flaps happened in 2 cases, but the underlying muscle survived and was re-mucosalized spontaneously. No other complication was observed. The sensation of cold, heat and touch could be detected on the first postoperative day. Electromyographic and electron microscopic studies confirmed innervation of the muscle in the flap.

CONCLUSIONSThe buccal musculomucosal flap is a reliable reconstruction option for wide defect of vermilion and orbicularis oris muscle which can' t be reconstructed with conventional method. Satisfactory aesthetic and functional results can be achieved with the buccal musculomucosal flap.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cheek ; Facial Muscles ; pathology ; transplantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lip ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; transplantation ; Mouth Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasm Staging ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult