Objective To investigate the efficacy of twice irradiating with focused ultrasound on recurrent and metastasized U14 cervical cancer implanted in the legs of mice. Methods Seventy-two mice with U14 cervical cancer cells implanted in their legs were divided into three groups randomly,with 24 rats in each group.One group received a single dose of focused ultrasound,while mice in the second group were irradiated twice and surgery resection was administered to the third group 7 or 8 days after the tumor was implanted.After 23 days post implantation of the tumor,local tumor recurrence and metastasis to the lungs and lymph nodes were evaluated. Results The inhibition rate after double irradiation was 61.70％ for local recurrence and 68.18％ for metastasis,significantly higher than in the other two groups. Conclusions Both single and double irradiation with focused ultrasound are effective for inhibiting local recurrence and metastasis,but double irradiation is more effective.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; psychology ; Adult ; Educational Status ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Risk-Taking ; Unsafe Sex ; Young Adult

The genome of CK/CH/SD09/005, an isolate of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), was characterized to enable the further understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of IBV in China. Twenty-five pairs of primers were designed to amplify the full-length genome of CK/CH/SD09/005. The nucleotide sequence of CK/CH/SD09/005 was compared with reference IBV strains retrieved from GenBank. The phylogenic relationship between CK/CH/SD09/005 and the reference strains was analyzed based on S1 gene sequences. The complete genome of CK/CH/SD09/005 consisted of 27691 nucleotides (nt), excluding the 5' cap and 3' poly A tail. The whole-genome of CK/CH/SD09/005 shared 97 - 99% nucleotide sequence homology with the GX-NN09032 strain, which was the only complete genome that was closely related to CK/CH/SD09/005. When compared with all reference strains except GX-NN09032, CK/CH/SD09/005 showed the highest similarity to ck/CH/LDL/091022 and SDIB821/2012 (QX-like) in the replicase gene (Gene 1) and 3'UTR, with a sequence identity rate of 97% and 98%, respectively. However, CK/CH/SD09/005 exhibited lower levels of similarity with ck/CH/LDL/091022 and SDIB821/2012 in S-3a-3b-3c/ E-M-5a-5b-N with a sequence identity of 72% - 90%. CK/CH/SD09/005 showed the highest level of nucleotide identity with Korean strain 1011, and Chinese strains CK/CH/LXJ/02I, DK/CH/HN/ZZ2004 and YX10, in ORF 3c/E (97%), 5a (96%), 5b (99%) and N (96%), respectively. ORFs 3a, 3b and M of CK/CH/SD09/005 exhibited no more than 90% homology with the reference strains, excluding GX-NN09032. The phylogenic analysis based on the S1 gene revealed that CK/CH/SD09/005 and 39 published strains were classified into seven clades (genotypes). CK/CH/SD09/005 was distributed in clade IV with several isolates collected between 2007 and 2012. CK/CH/SD09/005 showed 66% - 69% and 72% - 81% nucleotide identities with the IBV strains of other six clades in the S1 and S2 subunits, respectively. More over, multiple substitutions were found throughout the entire S gene of CK/CH/SD09/005, while insertions and deletions were located within the S1 gene. These results indicated that CK/CH/SD09/005 is a novel variant that may be derived from the QX-like strains that are prevalent in China. Multiple genetic mechanisms, including recombinations, mutations, insertions and deletions, are likely to have contributed to the emergence of this IBV strain.
Animals ; Chickens ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; veterinary ; virology ; Genome, Viral ; Genomics ; Infectious bronchitis virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases ; virology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

AIMTo look for new heart or kidney imaging agents. Five new target chelators--2-N-(2'-s-triphenylmethylacetyl) amino-(N'-acetyl glycine) isovalericamide (MVG2), 2-N-(2'-s-triphenylmethylacetyl) amino-[N'-acetyl-(N"-butylacetaminde)] isovalericamide (MVGT), 2-N-(2'-s-tri-phenylmethylacetyl) amino-[N'-acetyl-(N"-cyclohexanylacetaminde)] isovalericamide (MVGH), 2-N-(2'-s-triphenylmethylacetyl) amino-[N'-acetyl-(N"-butylacetaminde)] phenyl propamide (MPGT) and 2-N-(2'-s-triphenylmethylacetyl) amino-[N'-acetyl-(N"-cyclohexanylacetaminde)] phenylpropamide (MPGH) were synthesized as primitive materials to explore the synthetic methods of polypeptides.

METHODS AND RESULTSAll target chelators were identified on the basis of the spectroscopic data, such as IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and elementary analysis. Different active esters with mercaptoacetic acid as primitive materials were used to explore the biodistribution of Technetium-99m labelling chelators in mice. The chelators were labeled with Technetium-99m and further tested for the biological activity in mice. Values given in ID which is the percentage injected dose per organ was tested to explore new heart imaging agents. The ID was determined in vivo by biodistribution study. Tc-99m complexes 0.1 mL was injected into laterial tail vein of 3 anaesthetised rats. At 2, 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes post-injection, rats were sacrificed by decapitation, bled from the neck and the organs were removed. The radioactivities in various organs were determined in an automatic twin crystal gamma counter. Five new target chelators were labeled with Technetium-99m in high yield (> 95%). The bio-distribution resulted in mice indicate that 99Tcm-MVG2 has high kidney uptake, good retention, quick blood clearance and high activity ratios of kidneys to other tissues. 99Tcm-MVGT, 99Tcm-MVGH and 99Tcm-MPGT have better heart accumulation, but shorter retention, slower blood clearance and lower activity ratios of kidneys to other tissues. They were mainly metabolized through liver and kidney.

CONCLUSION99Tcm-MVG2 will be a new potential renal function imaging agent and 99Tcm-MVGT, 99Tcm-MVGH and 99Tcm-MPGT will be new potential heart function imaging agents if their structure and activity relationships are further studied.

Animals ; Chelating Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Mice ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; Technetium ; pharmacokinetics ; Tissue Distribution

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Homosexuality, Male ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sexual Behavior ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Adult ; Homosexuality, Male ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Students ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Unsafe Sex

AIMTo explore the synthetic methods of polypeptides containing new heart of kidney imaging agents.

METHODS AND RESULTSFive new target chelators--2-N-(2'-s-triphenylmethylacetyl) amino-(N'-2"-N",N"-diethylethylamine) phenylpropamide (MPNE), 2-N-(2'-s-triphenylmethyl acetyl) amino-(N'-2"-N",N"-dimethylethylamine) phenylpropamide (MPNM), 2-N-(2's-triphenylmethylacetyl) amino-3-methyl-(N'-2"-N",N"-dimethylethylamine) butyramide (MVNM), 2-N-(2'-s-triphenyl methylacetyl) amino-3-methyl-(N'-2"-N",N"-diethylethylamine) butyramide (MVNE), 2-N-(2'-s-triphenylmethylacetyl) amino-(N'-acetylglycine) phenylpropamide (MPG2)--were synthesized through five steps with mercaptoacetic acid as primitive materials, all of which were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data, such as IR, 1HNMR, MS or elementary analysis. The protection of the mercapto group was improved and the relatively new reaction condition of active ester with amino acid is developed. All the chelators were labeled with Technetium-99m and their biological activities in mice given in ID values was tested to explore new heart imaging agents, where ID is the percentage injected dose per organ. The ID was determined by in vivo biodistribution study. Tc-99m complexes 0.1 mL was injected into the laterial tail vein of 3 anaesthetised rats. At 2, 5, 10, 30, 60 min post-injection, rats were sacrificed by decapitation, bled from the neck and dissected. Organs were removed at dissection. The radioactivities in various organs were determined in an automatic twin crystal gamma counter.

CONCLUSIONThe bio-distribution results in mice indicate that 99Tcm-MVNM have higher heart uptake (ID = 8.40%/g, 2 min post-injection) and quicker blood clearance (ID = 4.3%/g, 60 min post-injection); 99Tcm-MPNE and 99Tcm-MPNM also have fairly high heart uptake and quick blood clearance; 99Tcm-MPG2 has better kidney accumulation and higher activity ratios of kidney to blood (about 4).

Amides ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; Peptides ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Sulfides ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; Tissue Distribution

BACKGROUNDNontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) had been reported to cause cutaneous infections which are difficult to interpret due to the variability of the clinical manifestations. Among NTM infections, Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) are mostly seen to cause skin infection. It is therefore important to establish a rapid approach for detection and identification of M. marinum from lesions of patients with suspected M. marinum infections.

METHODSSpecimens were obtained from 5 patients with swimming pool granuloma. DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. PCR products were digested with Hae III and BstE II, then analysed by pattern restriction analysis to detect heat shock protein (hsp) 65 kD gene.

RESULTSThe 65 kD hsp gene was found in all specimens from patients with swimming pool granuloma. PCR restriction analysis (PRA) identified all 5 samples to be M. marinum infections, and the result was consistent with that of routine bacteriological identification. The lesions subsided or markedly improved upon treatment.

CONCLUSIONSPRA is a sensitive, specific and rapid method in identification of mycobacteria. Application of this method will be helpful for early diagnosis of mycobacterial skin infections.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Chaperonin 60 ; Chaperonins ; genetics ; Female ; Granuloma ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mycobacterium marinum ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Skin Diseases, Bacterial ; diagnosis ; Staining and Labeling ; Swimming Pools

OBJECTIVETo study the risk sexual behaviors related to AIDS between heterosexual and homosexual men who have had sex with men.

METHODSTarget sampling, anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare sexual behaviors between the two groups.

RESULTSThe total amount of sex partners with same-sex was 13.8 on average among heterosexual men including 3.8 with male partners in the past 6 months. Numbers of male partners who had oral sex with was 10.5 and anal sex was 12.4 which were both less than with same sex. Among heterosexual men, the total number of female partners was 4.9 on average but number of female partners in the past 6 months was 1.7 which were both more than that among the homosexuals who were all in marriage status. The rate of condom use was 68.8% (lower than that among homosexual men), among heterosexual men when having sex with men. The rate of condom use among heterosexual men during last anal intercourse was 91.3% with male partners or 63.7% with females. Both figures were higher than that among the homosexuals. The rates of condom use among the two groups were 91.3% and 71.0% respectively during the last anal intercourse with men which were higher than the corresponding rate of condom use during the last oral sex. The rate of heterosexual men who ever had engaged in group sex was 9.9% in the previous year and the incidence of bleeding was 16.7% during sexual intercourse. 11.4% of them reported ever having had sex with partners from other areas in the last year and 4.2% had experienced same-sex harassment before 16 years of age. 4.6% had paid for male-male sex. All these figures were lower than that of the homosexuals.

CONCLUSIONThe characteristics of high risk sexual behaviors related to AIDS showed much difference in the two groups which called for attention among these groups of MSM.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Adult ; Condoms ; utilization ; Heterosexuality ; statistics & numerical data ; Homosexuality, Male ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Partners ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune inflammatory disorder. Many methods have been used to observe the progress of RA. The purpose of this study was to observe the progress of RA in rats with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and arthritis score, and analyze the relationships among different methods in evaluation of RA.

METHODSSixteen healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats about 8-week old were randomly assigned to a RA group and a control group. Bovine type II emulsified incomplete Freud's adjuvant was used to induce arthritis in the RA group. Arthritis score of the rats in two groups were recorded, and (18)F-FDG PET/CT, MR imaging were performed both on the corresponding rats every 3 days. All the rats were sacrificed at week 5, and histopathological examination was performed on rat knees stained with haematoxylin and eosin.

RESULTSThe arthritis score and the standard uptake value (SUV) of knee joints in RA rats increased with the progression of arthritis gradually. Both peaks of arthritis score and SUV appeared at 21 days after the first immune injection, then the arthritis score and SUV of knee joints decreased slowly. The arthritis scores of knee joints in RA rats were positively correlated with their SUV changes. The MR images were confirmed by the histopathological studies.

CONCLUSIONPET/CT can detect the earliest molecular metabolism changes of RA, and MR imaging can follow up the dynamical anatomical changes of RA, all of which indicated that PET/CT and MR imaging may be applied as useful tools to monitor the progress of RA.

Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed