Based on the teaching fact and feature of pharmacy specialty. In this article, curriculum location of general microbiology about object, character, function, content design for the higher vocational colleges were disscused. The result would provide some gist to reform teaching methods for microbiology course.

Objective To establish a duplex fluorescence PCR for detection of HIV proviral DNA and to evaluate its application for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants .Methods A duplex fluores-cence PCR system was set up based on TaqMan technology for detection of human ribonuclease P ( RNase P) gene and long terminal repeat ( LTR) region of HIV.A recombinant plasmid containing the targeted gene fragment , pTG19-T, was constructed by TA cloning technique and used as the template for evaluation of sen -sitivity of the assay .Blood samples from 11 healthy individuals and 98 HIV-infected patients were collected and detected to validate the assay specificity .The assay of duplex fluorescence PCR was then carried out to detect 96 infant blood samples collected from several maternal and child health hospitals in Zhejiang province from January 2011 to September 2012 for early diagnosis of HIV infection .The results were compared with those by using the Roche HIV DNA qualitative detection kit .Results The established duplex fluorescence PCR could specifically detect HIV proviral DNA with a specificity of 100%and a detection sensitivity of 100 cps per reaction .The coincidence rate between the established assay and the Roche HIV DNA qualitative de -tection kit was 100%in the detection of 96 blood samples .Conclusion The duplex fluorescence PCR as-say showed advantages of cost-effectiveness , convenience , good specificity and accuracy with high sensitivi-ty.It could be used for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants and also as a general technical platform for the detection of HIV proviral DNA .

Objective To understand the effect of circumcision in reducing high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in male adults. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight married adults with phimosis who underwent circumcision enrolled in the case group and high-risk HPV of urethral discharge specimens were detected before and 2 years after operation. A total of 128 cases of phimosis without circumcision were recruited in the control group. High-risk HPV infection rates were compared between the two groups. Results The highrisk HPV infection rates in the two groups were comparable at baseline. In the circumcision group, high-risk HPV infection rate was 27. 3% preoperative and it significantly decreased to 12.5% two years after operation( x2 =8. 839 ,P =0. 005). In the control group,high risk HPV infection rate was 28. 1% at baseline and it was 25.0%two years later, with no significant difference (x2 =0.320,P = 0.671).Conclusion Circumcision can significantly reduce high-risk HPV infection. Promoting circumcision actively in our country may have an important role in preventing high-risk HPV infection.

Tolvaptan is a novel oral selective arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist.Tolvaptan improves heart failure signs and symptoms without serious adverse events.Tolvaptan has no effect on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death or admission rate for heart failure.But in heart failure patients with hyponatremia,tolvaptan can decrease cardiovascular death and admission rate for heart failure.

Objective To assess the clinical value of dobutamine 201Tl stress-redistribution/nitroglycerin augmented ~(99m)Tc-metho~(99m)Tc-xyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) gated myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods A total of 132 patients with suspected CAD underwent dobutamine 201Tl stress-redistribution/nitroglycerin augmented MIBI gated MPI and coronary arteriography (CAG) within two weeks after MPI. Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) were performed in 23 patients with myocardial infraction. The regional wall movement was assessed with echocardiography before and within three months after PCI. Results Taking stenosis ≥50% as standard of CAD, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of dual-isotopic SPECT imaging in diagnosing CAD was 93.41%, 87.80% and 91.67%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosing left anterior descending artery (LAD) stenosis was 93.85%, 91.04% and 92.42%, for left circumflex artery (LCX) was 86.79%, 89.87% and 88.64%, while for right coronary artery (RCA) was 81.25%, 82.14% and 81.82%, respectively. Of all 207 myocardium segments in 23 patients with myocardial infarction, radioactivity defect was found in 113 segments on the redistributed ~(201)Tl images, and radiofilling was found in 52 (52/113) segments on the nitroglycerin augmented ~(99m)Tc-MIBI images, whereas 61 segments had no radiofilling. Taking regional wall movement improvement as the criterion of viable myocardium, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of identifying viable myocardium with nitroglycerin augmented ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging was 87.23%, 83.33% and 84.96%. Conclusion Dobutamine ~(201)Tl stress-redistribution/nitroglycerin augmented ~(99m)Tc-MIBI gated MPI is able to effectively detect CAD and viable myocardium and helpful in diagnosis and treatment of CAD.

Objective This study is to investigate cytokine pathway,Jak-Stat signal pathway,neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway gene expression pattern of peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) of primary sjgren syndrome patients.Methods The PBMC sample of 3 patients with sjgren syndrome and 3 healthy volunteers with consistent age were collected.The total RNAs was extracted from the PBMC samples,and reverse transcripted in vitro transcription(IVT),labeled with Cy5/Cy3 and hybridized on the gene chips.After scanning and data extraction with LuxScan 3.0,differentially expressed genes were analyzed with SAM method.The online tool of molecule analysis system(MAS) was used for biological knowledge mining.Results Statistical difference was calculated between the patient and control group in the following three pathways: cytokine pathway,Jak-Stat signal pathway,neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway.Among these,genes of IL-2RA,IL-10 were up-regulated and genes of PF4,GZMA were down-regulated.Conclusion Understanding of differently expressed genes should help us disclose the potential molecular mechanism underlying the development process of pathogenesis of primary Sjgren′s syndrome.And the research may provide new target therapy for SS.

The buccoversion malpositon of maxillary second molars is one kind of common malocclusion.It can lead to damages to stoma-tognathic system.The adjustable maxillary molar retractor is an effective tool in the early treatment of this kind of malposition.

Objective To explore the feasibility of using the quantitative reference extract of ginkgo leaf total lactones instead of single component reference for the quantitative assay of Ginkgo Folium.Methods HPLC-ELSD method was performed by using a Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with methanol-water as the mobile phase at the gradient elution mode.Flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The parameters of ELSD detector were as follows,the drifit tube temperature was 105 ℃,and the flow rate of nitrogen(N2) was 3 L·min-1.Results The linear ranges of ginkgolide A,ginkgolide B,ginkgolide C,and bilobalide were 0.735-5.879 μg (r=0.999 6),0.404-6.060 μg (r=0.999 6),0.296-4.439 μg (r=0.999 6),and 1.001-6.006 μg (r=0.999 7),respectively.The recoveries and RSD of the four components were 95.6% (4.0%),97.3% (4.5%),99.3% (5.0%),and 100.4% (2.1%),respectively.Conclusion The quantitative reference extract of ginkgo leaf total lactones can be used as the substitute for the determination of terpene lactones.

AIM: To analyze the direction and degree of static cyclotorsion component (SCC) and dynamic cyclotorsion component (DCC) in corneal refractive surgery.
METHODS:Retrospective analysis. Totally 130 patients (260 eyes) with corneal refractive surgery in our hospital, according to the operation method were divided into femtosecond laser - assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) group and T-photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK) group, the differences of the parameters of the two groups were compared; the differences of SCC success rate, SCC, DCC, and the eyeball rotation direction were compared between the two groups; correlation analysis on SCC, DCC and the parameters of postoperative patients were performed.
RESULTS: High order aberrations and spherical aberration in the T-PRK group after operation was higher than those of FS - LASIK group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05); in T-PRK group SCC in the operation was successful in 98 eyes, the success rate was 81. 7%; in FS-LASIK group SCC in the operation was successful in 82 eyes, the success rate is 58. 6%, the difference of SCC success rate between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ); SCC in T - PRK group was 3. 52o ±2. 17o and FS-LASIK group was 3. 49o ±2. 26o, there was no significant difference (P>0. 05); DCC in T-PRK group (2. 86o±1. 14o) was higher than that of FS-LASIK group ( 2. 17o ± 1. 09o), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). There was no statistical difference in the direction of rotation of the eyeball in operation between the two groups (P>0. 05). The SCC of subjects in operation was positively correlated with UCVA, BCVA, spherical equivalent refraction and high order aberrations ( P < 0. 05 ); the DCC of subjects in operation was positively correlated with UCVA and high order aberrations (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: The success rate of SCC in T - PRK surgery is higher than that in LASIK, DCC in T - PRK surgery is higher than that in LASIK, and accurate measurement of SCC and DCC can be effective to compensate for it.