Based on the teaching fact and feature of pharmacy specialty. In this article, curriculum location of general microbiology about object, character, function, content design for the higher vocational colleges were disscused. The result would provide some gist to reform teaching methods for microbiology course.

Objective To establish a duplex fluorescence PCR for detection of HIV proviral DNA and to evaluate its application for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants .Methods A duplex fluores-cence PCR system was set up based on TaqMan technology for detection of human ribonuclease P ( RNase P) gene and long terminal repeat ( LTR) region of HIV.A recombinant plasmid containing the targeted gene fragment , pTG19-T, was constructed by TA cloning technique and used as the template for evaluation of sen -sitivity of the assay .Blood samples from 11 healthy individuals and 98 HIV-infected patients were collected and detected to validate the assay specificity .The assay of duplex fluorescence PCR was then carried out to detect 96 infant blood samples collected from several maternal and child health hospitals in Zhejiang province from January 2011 to September 2012 for early diagnosis of HIV infection .The results were compared with those by using the Roche HIV DNA qualitative detection kit .Results The established duplex fluorescence PCR could specifically detect HIV proviral DNA with a specificity of 100%and a detection sensitivity of 100 cps per reaction .The coincidence rate between the established assay and the Roche HIV DNA qualitative de -tection kit was 100%in the detection of 96 blood samples .Conclusion The duplex fluorescence PCR as-say showed advantages of cost-effectiveness , convenience , good specificity and accuracy with high sensitivi-ty.It could be used for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants and also as a general technical platform for the detection of HIV proviral DNA .

Objective To understand the effect of circumcision in reducing high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in male adults. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight married adults with phimosis who underwent circumcision enrolled in the case group and high-risk HPV of urethral discharge specimens were detected before and 2 years after operation. A total of 128 cases of phimosis without circumcision were recruited in the control group. High-risk HPV infection rates were compared between the two groups. Results The highrisk HPV infection rates in the two groups were comparable at baseline. In the circumcision group, high-risk HPV infection rate was 27. 3% preoperative and it significantly decreased to 12.5% two years after operation( x2 =8. 839 ,P =0. 005). In the control group,high risk HPV infection rate was 28. 1% at baseline and it was 25.0%two years later, with no significant difference (x2 =0.320,P = 0.671).Conclusion Circumcision can significantly reduce high-risk HPV infection. Promoting circumcision actively in our country may have an important role in preventing high-risk HPV infection.

Objective To explore a method with good repeatibility, less interference factors and easily controllable experimental conditions for evaluating the filtering efficiency of air filters Methods This evaluating method referred to Standard Examination Method of Household Portable Electrically Powered Air Purifying Set of America(ANSI/AHAM Ac 1 1998) and used the index of the frequency of air filtration (TAF) in the determination.The required sampling space volumes and the sampling duration of testing were determined based on the related different of air capacities.The levels of CO,CO 2,inhalable particulate(IP),NO 2,SO 2 and total count of air bacteria in filtered air were determined Results IP and total count of air bacteria could be used as sensitive indexes for evaluating the efficiency of air filtration Conclusion This method avoided many interference factors.It presented shorter duration of examination,good repeatibility and stability,easy operation and acturally reflected the efficiency of air filters

The buccoversion malpositon of maxillary second molars is one kind of common malocclusion.It can lead to damages to stoma-tognathic system.The adjustable maxillary molar retractor is an effective tool in the early treatment of this kind of malposition.

The disadvantages of Admas clasp include inconvenient manual adjustment and being unsuitable to the deciduous molars.The modified Admas clasp can overcome the shortcomings.

Objective To discuss the effect of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism (CH)screening in preterm infants.Methods The result of 208 713 cases neonatal congenital hypothyroidism screening in Guangzhou neonatal screening center were analyzed,including 11589 cases preterm infant and 197 124 cases of full term.The difference of screening positive rate and incidence between preterm infants and full term infants group were compared and the efficiency of preterm infants congenital hypothyroidism screening were estimated.Results A total of 208 713 newborns were screened and the screening positive rate was 1.39%.123 cases were confirmed positive for CH and the incidence rate was 1 /1 697.124 cases were screening positive in preterm infants and the screening posi-tive rate was 1.06%.14 cases were confirmed positive for CH and the incidence rate was 1 /828 in preterm infants group.2 771 cases were screening positive in full term infants and the screening positive rate was 1.41%.109 cases were confirmed positive for CH and the incidence rate was 1 /1 809 in full term group.The screening positive rate was lower and the incidence rate of preterm infants group(χ2 =4.89,P <0.05)was higher than that of the full term infants group(χ2 =8.26,P <0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of congenital hypothyroidism is higher in preterm infants.Neonatal screening is an effective measure for early diagnosis of preterm infants congenital hypothyroidism.

Objective To investigate the disinfectant-resistant gene qacA in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the First Affiliated Hhospital of Chongqing Medical University. Methods A total of 126 S. aureus strains were isolated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4 representative monovalent and bivalent disinfectants were determined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to analyze the prevalence of qacA gene in these strains. Disk diffusion method was used to identify methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).Results Of the 126 S. aureus strains, 12 were positive for qacA gene. The prevalence of qacA in these strains was 9.5%. The prevalence of qacA gene in MRSA was 17.3%. Conclusions qacA gene is prevalent in the clinical isolates of S. aureus.

The perinatal risk factors of transient hypothyroxinemia(TH) in premature very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI) was investigated by longitudinally assessing thyroid hormones concentrations during their early life after birth and analyzing the relationship to perinatal factors. The serum TT4 concentration on day 7 was (61.03±24.19)nmol/L and the incidence of TH was 12. 05% (n= 10). Pulmonary surfactant support ( OR = 14.25, 95% CI2. 61-70. 07), ventilation support ( OR = 13. 76,95% CI 2. 55-68. 05) , dopamine support ( OR = 9.45, 95% CI 2. 26-39. 5 ) , and gestational age less than 30 weeks ( OR = 5. 78,95% CI 1. 36-24. 49) were perinatal risk factors for TH of premature VLBWI.