Objective:To investigate the expression of apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ( ApoA-Ⅰ) in eight histo-logical types of renal neoplasms and to explore a new biomarker for differential diagnosis .Methods:The immunochemistry was used to detect the expression of ApoA-Ⅰ in 23 cases of renal tumors , including clear cell carcinoma , papillary cell carcinoma , chromophobe cell carcinoma , oncocytoma , multilocular cystic carcinoma , renal pelvis invasive urothelial carcinoma , metanephric adenoma and collecting ducts carcinoma.Five cases of cancer-adjacent normal tissues were obtained from another five renal tumor pa-tients and were chosen as control group .Results: In the 23 cases of renal tumors , ApoA-Ⅰ was ex-pressed in 21 cases(positive rate was 91.3%).There were only two in five cases of normal tissues which expressed this protein ( positive rate was 40 .0%) .A significant differentiation was observed between the two groups(Z=-2.829,P=0.003).In renal clear cell carcinoma(RCC), ApoA-Ⅰ expression level was correlated with the grade and stage of tumor tissues .ApoA-Ⅰ was stained much more stronger in RCCⅡ-Ⅲ than in RCCⅠ( Z=-2.070,P=0.038).In various histological types of renal cancer , ApoA-Ⅰwas all expressed to some degrees .Conclusion:ApoA-Ⅰcan be chosen as a tumor biomarker to differentiate various histological types of renal neoplasms .

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; CD2 Antigens ; metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Breakage ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore the effectiveness of absorbable hemostatic fluid gelatin in preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

METHODSThe clinical data of 17 patients with dura mater tear were retrospectively analyzed from March to September in 2003. There were 16 males and 1 female, aged from 16 to 67 years old with an average of (39.6 ± 15.4) years. The injury site was at cervical vertebrae in 1 case, thoracic vertebrae in 9 cases, thoracolumbar junction in 4 cases, lumbar vertebrae in 3 cases. There were burst fracture in 4 cases and fracture-dislocation in 13 cases. According to ASIA grade, 12 cases were grade A, 2 cases were grade B, 2 cases were grade D, 1 case were grade E. Two cases caused by traffic accident, 10 by high falling, 4 by heavy parts crash, 1 by stairs fell during the earthquake. Absorbable hemostatic fluid gelatins were used to plug the dura mater tear,in order to prevent postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Postoperative drainage were recorded every day.

RESULTSOf 17 patients, 15 cases did not develop with cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Two cases develop with cerebrospinal fluid leakage after operation and their drainage were removed at 6 to 7 days after operation. In all cases, no complications related with cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred, such as headache, dizzy, fever,neck resistance, rash, incision disunion, incision infection, hematoma, neurologic symptoms aggravation. No abnormal phenomena was found on incision surrounding at follow-up of 9 months.

CONCLUSIONUsing absorbable hemostatic fluid gelatin to plug the dura mater tear during operation is an effective method in preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ; prevention & control ; Female ; Gelatin ; administration & dosage ; Hemostatics ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control

Background and purpose:Ovarian cancer-associated ifbroblasts (CAF) are known to promote epithelial malignancy. The chemoattractant cytokine growth-regulated oncogene alpha (Gro-α) secreted from CAF has been reported to mediate the stroma-epithelia interaction in tumor microenvironment, leading to the development of epithelial ovarian cancer, however, the detailed mechanism is unknown.This study was to determine whether Gro-αcould promote ovarian tumorigenesis through activating NF-кB nuclear translocation and VEGF expression in stromal ifbroblasts. Methods:ELISA was used to measure the levels of Gro-αin two cancer-associated ifbroblasts (CAF) and normal ifbroblasts (NF) isolated from high-grade serous ovarian cancer or normal ovarian tissues. CAF conditioned medium (CM) or Gro-αwas used to treat NF, while PS1145, the inhibitor of NF-кB, was used as control. NF-кB subunit p65 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by Western blot in cells after treatment. Xenograft tumors from nude mice were generated by injection of CAF, NF, or OVCA429 alone or OVCA429 mixed with CAF or NF, and by injection of OVCA429 mixed with NF cells that were treated with or without CAF-CM or Gro-α, or with NF cells that were treated with CAF-CM or Gro-αplus PS1145. The tumor growth curve was measured and the blood vessel density in xenograft tumor tissues was examined by histopathological analysis. Results:The levels of Gro-αwere 5-6 folds higher in CAF than in NF. Treatment of NF with CAF-CM or Gro-αstimulated the nuclear translocation of NF-кB subunit p65, and the expression of VEGF, but suppressed the expression of thrombospondin 1, the anti-angiogenesis factor, compared with control cells. However, treatment of NF with the NF-кB inhibitor PS1145 reversed these results. The animal assay revealed that CAF stimulated tumor growth stronger than NF, and NF treated with CAF-CM or Gro-α, but not along with PS1145, enhanced xenograft tumor growth through promoting angiogenesis. Conclusion:Ovarian CAF promotes the nuclear translocation of NF-кB and the expression of VEGF through Gro-αautocrine in tumor microenvironment to facilitate angiogenesis and ovarian cancer development.

Background and purpose: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known to promote the invasion and metastasis of epithelial cancers. The cytokine IL-6 may mediate the interaction between stromal cells and epithelia in tumor microenvironment to facilitate the invasiveness and metastasis of cancer, however, such mechanism has not been fully covered yet.Methods:We used cervical cancer cell line HeLa as a model for this study. ELISA was used to measure the levels of IL-6 in CAFs and normal ifbroblasts (NFs) isolated from squamous cervical cancer or normal cervical tissues. CAFs conditioned medium or IL-6 was used to treat cervical cancer HeLa cell line. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers such as N-Cadherin and Vimentin were detected by Western blot in cells before and after treatment. Scratches and transwell chambers were used to test the abilities of cell migration and invasion. Results:The levels of IL-6 were 4-5 folds higher in CAFs than in NFs. Treatment of HeLa cells with CAF conditioned medium or IL-6 upregulated N-Cadherin and Vimentin, but down-regulated E-Cadherin and cytokeratin, compared with control cells, indicating that IL-6 may stimulate HeLa cells to EMT. Further study found that Snail 1, the featured transcription factor for stem cells, was increased along with the enhanced phosphorylation of STAT3. Meanwhile, the migration and invasion of HeLa cells treated with IL-6 or CAF conditioned medium were markedly increased. Conclusion:CAF induces the EMT of cervical epithelial cancer cells through IL-6/STAT3/Snail pathway, which thereby promotes the invasiveness and metastasis cervical epithelial cancer.

The analysis of essential oil in seeds ofDeseurainia sophia provided an experimental basis for further research on essential oil activity test at the first time. Essential oil was extracted by steam distillation method. Analysis and identification were made by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology in combination with retention indices. A total of 33 components in seeds ofD. sophia were detected by GC-MS and 28 compounds were identified by MS in combination with Kovats retention index. The compounds with high contents were as follows: 3-methylene-nonane (68.14%), 1,3-diazine (29.32%), 2-n-butylacrolein (0.58%), methyl nipecotate (0.43%), 4-oxo-butanenitrile (0.31%), 8-chloro-neoisol-ongifolene (0.25%) and so on. It was concluded that 28 volatile components were identified by GC-MS combined with retention indices. The total detected components were 99.91%. This method was able to improve the accuracy of qualitative detection results.

Background and purpose:Senescent cancer-associated ifbroblasts (CAFs) in tumor microenvi-ronment are known to mediate the invasion and radio- or chemo-resistance of epithelial cancers. The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 derived from CAFs may promote the invasion and radio-resistance of epithelial cervical cancer. However, the detailed mechanism is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IL-6 on CAFs senescence, cervical cancer cell invasiveness and radio-resistance.Methods:CAFs from cervical cancer, normal ifbroblasts (NFs) from nor-mal cervical tissues, and cervical cancer cell lines including HeLa, Siha and ME180 were used in this study. Different treatments of cells with IL-6 and inhibitors of STAT3 and Notch were conducted to investigate the alterations of cellular senescence, STAT3/Notch signaling, cell invasiveness, and radiotherapy-induced apoptosis by using cell staining, immunolfuorescence, Western blot, and lfow cytometery.Results:This study found that the conditioned medium (CM) of CAFs or IL-6 could activate the STAT3 and Notch signaling to promote cellular senescence and cervical cancer cell invasiveness. Co-culture of cervical cancer cells HeLa or Siha along with CAFs also increased the invasiveness of can-cer cells, but further treatments of cells by addition of an IL-6 antibody or the inhibitors of STAT3 (S31-201) or Notch (DAPT) blocked the cancer cell invasion. Meanwhile, this study also found that STAT3 functions at the upstream of the Notch signaling to up-regulate Jagged-1, one of the key ligands of Notch in ifbroblasts or epithelial cancer cells through IL-6-mediated autocrine or paracrine pathways, which eventually confers the radio-resistance of cervical cancer cells/tissues.Conclusion:CAFs in tumor microenvironment could induce cervical cancer cell invasiveness and radio-re-sistance through IL-6/STAT3-mediated Notch activation, and that targeting of the STAT3/Notch signaling-associated molecules may improve the effcacy of radiotherapy for cervical cancer.

Objectives To investigate the prenatal diagnosis method of spinal muscular atrophy with amniotic fluid sample.Methods Totally 1 064 amniotic fluid samples from mid-trimester pregnant women were enrolled during January 2015 and January 2016 in 4 hospitals.Genetic analysis was performed for detecting potential contamination of maternal tissue by a genetic technique based on short tandem repeat ( STR) markers.Deletion of SMN1 gene was detected in 1 062 uncontaminated amniotic fluid samples by real-time PCR and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification ( MLPA) respectively.Results Two contaminated amniotic fluid samples were detected within 1 064 mid-trimester pregnant women by STR genotyping.The other 1 062 uncontaminated amniotic fluid samples were tested by real-time PCR.There were 37 samples with heterozygous deletion of Exon 7 of SMN1 gene ( 3.67%) , 34 samples with heterozygous deletion of Exon 8 of SMN1 gene (3.2%) and two samples with homozygous deletion of Exon 7 and Exon8 of SMN1 gene ( 0.19%) respectively , while other samples observed with no deletion of Exon 7 and Exon8 in SMN1 gene.Totally 41 samples with heterozygous or homozygous deletion of SMN 1 gene and 55 samples with undetected deletion of SMN 1 gene were confirmed by MLPA and the results showed 100%consistence with that of real-time PCR.Conclusions Both real-time PCR and MLPA are suitable for detecting the deletion of SMN 1 gene with amniotic fluid sample . Real-time PCR exhibits less sample requirement and time compared with MLPA .

0.05).Conclusion Coverage of medical insurance and effective antiviral therapy for the patients with CHB could affect their QOL.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, clonality and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status of systemic EBV-positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disease in adults (ASEBV(+)T/NK-LPD).

METHODSTwenty cases of ASEBV(+)T/NK-LPD were analyzed retrospectively with histopathologic review, immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER). The follow-up data were collected.

RESULTSThere were altogether 15 males and 5 females. The median age of the patients was 34 years. The average duration from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 8.7 months. Fever (18/20), hepatosplenomegaly (18/20) and lymphadenopathy (17/20) were the main clinical manifestations. Eleven of the 17 patients died during follow-up, with a mean survival of 2.9 months. Histologically, there was obvious expansion of T zone of the involved lymph nodes, associated with diminished lymphoid follicles. The interfollicular areas were widened and infiltrated by small to median-sized lymphoid cells which showed only mild atypia. Scattered large lymphoid cells were not uncommon. The nodal capsule was thickened in 6 cases. Focal necrosis was seen in 9 cases. Sinus histiocytic proliferation with erythrophagocytosis was observed in 3 cases. In addition, there were mild atypical lymphoid cells infiltrate into the liver, spleen, intestinal mucosa and bone marrow. Immunohistochemical study and in-situ hybridization showed that the EBER-positive cells were of T-cell lineage, with CD3 expression. They were also positive for cytotoxic molecules (granzyme B or TIA-1). Only 1 case was CD56 positive. A predominance of CD8-positive cells was demonstrated in 8 of the 14 cases studied, while CD4-positive cells predominated in the remaining 5 cases. One case showed similar proportion of CD8 and CD4-positive cells. The number of EBER-positive cells ranged from 30 to more than 300 per high-power fields. These EBER-positive cells were of small to large size and located mainly in the expanded T zone and occasionally in the germinal centers. Three of the 7 cases exhibited clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor gamma gene, while the other 4 cases exhibited polyclonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor gamma gene.

CONCLUSIONSASEBV(+)T/NK-LPD is a systemic disease with a subacute or chronic clinical course. Most patients suffer from relapsing fever, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. The disease is characterized by proliferation of EBV-infected cytotoxic T cells. The T zone of the involved lymph nodes shows expansion by mildly atypical lymphoid cells. The disease is associated with poor clinical outcome and can be life-threatening. The patients often die of multiorgan failure and bleeding.

Adult ; Aged ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Granzymes ; metabolism ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; pathology ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poly(A)-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; T-Cell Intracellular Antigen-1 ; T-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Young Adult