The buccoversion malpositon of maxillary second molars is one kind of common malocclusion.It can lead to damages to stoma-tognathic system.The adjustable maxillary molar retractor is an effective tool in the early treatment of this kind of malposition.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) in in vivo regulating differentiation of monocytes in an apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mouse model, and to observe the effect of HLJDD-containing serum in in vitro regulating differentiation of macrophages and foam cells.

METHODSFifteen apoE(-/-) mice were randomly divided into the common diet group, the hyperlipidemia group, and the hyperlipidemia +HLJDD treatment group, 5 in each group. Mice in the common diet group were fed with a chow diet. Mice in the hyperlipidemia group were fed with high cholesterol wild diet (WD). Those in the hyperlipidemia +HLJDD treatment group were fed with high cholesterol WD supplemented with HLJDD. All mice were fed for 4 weeks. Five C57BL/6 wild types were recruited as the wild common diet control group. HLJDD was administered to mice in the hyperlipidemia + HLJDD treatment group by gastrogavage at the daily dose of 5 g/kg. Equal volume of purified water was given by gastrogavage to mice in the rest 3 groups. Four weeks later, subtypes of monocytes in the peripheral blood were detected by FACS. HLJDD administered to another 30 SD rats by gastrogavage at the daily dose of 5 g/kg, once for every 12 h for 5 times in total, thereby preparing 5% HLJDD containing serum to intervene the differentiation of in vitro primary bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) and foam cells. The M2 subtype surface receptor CD206 of macrophages and foam cells were detected by FACS. The expression of Nos2 and Arg1 genes were assayed by Real-time PCR.

RESULTSThe ratio of inflammatory subset of monocytes (Ly6C(high)) increased in the peripheral blood after ApoE(-/-) mice were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks. HLJDD significantly decreased the ratio of inflammatory subset of monocytes (P < 0.05). Compared with the vehicle serum, 5% HLJDD containing serum significantly increased differentiation of CD206 + M2 BMDM (P = 0.034). Results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression level of Arg1 mRNA could be up-regulated by HLJDD containing serum (P < 0.05), and that of Nos2 mRNA down-regulated (P = 0.017). ox-LDL induced the differentiation of M2 subtype foam cells from BMDM, and HLJDD containing serum could further elevate the ratio of CD206 + M2 foam cells and increase the Arg1 mRNA expression level (both P < 0.01). HLJDD containing serum could inhibit the inversion of M2 subtype of foam cells to M1 subtype induced by Th1 factors, significantly elevate the Arg1 mRNA expression level, and decrease the Nos2 mRNA expression level (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSHLJDD could lower hyperlipidemia induced inflammatory monocyte subtype ratios in the peripheral blood of ApoE(-/-) mice. HLJDD containing serum promoted in vitro differentiation of M2 macrophages and foam cells. HLJDD attenuated and inhibited the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis induced by hyperlipidemia possibly through regulating the functional differentiation of monocytes, macrophages, and foam cells.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Foam Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Macrophages ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Monocytes ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVEType 2 diabetes has been recently recognized as an important risk factor for cognitive decline of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). But the roles of hyperinsulinemia (HI) and insulin resistance (IR) in the development of AD are still controversial. This study was designed to evaluate whether HI or IR influenced the cognitive functions of older cohort.

METHODSThe cognitive functions of 328 consecutive elderly patients were evaluated with a battery of cognitive rating scales. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) were analyzed and IR was calculated with modified-Homa. The cognitive scores in different groups and the correlation of cognitive functions with HI or IR were analyzed.

RESULTSIn our study, there were 180 participants with HI and 148 without HI, and 192 with IR and 136 without IR. The participants with HI showed worse cognitive functions than those without HI in MMSE, MOCA, CDR, orientation, delayed memory, and attention/calculation domains. Similarly, the elderly with IR had lower cognitive scores than those without IR in MMSE, MOCA, CDR, GDS, orientation, delayed memory, and attention/calculation domains. The insulin levels and Homa IR had negative correlation with the scores of MMSE and delayed memory, not only in the model 1 adjusted for FBG and diabetes history, but also in the model 2 adjusted for all nine demographic characteristics.

CONCLUSIONHI and IR are important risk factors for cognitive decline of the elderly, especially for the dysfunctions in delayed memory domains.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; blood ; etiology ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; blood ; complications ; psychology ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Male

OBJECTIVEThis study was designed to investigate the effects of different oxygen inhalation modes on retinal vessels development in neonatal mice in order to provide experimental data for proper oxygen therapy for premature infants.

METHODSA total of 144 postnatal day (P) 7 C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups according to different oxygen inhalation modes (n=24). Experimental group 1 was exposed to 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 75% oxygen in turn for one day respectively, followed by room air exposure for 5 days. Experimental group 2 was exposed to 75%, 60%, 50%, 40% and 30% oxygen in turn for one day respectively, followed by room air exposure for 5 days. Experimental group 3 was exposed to 75% oxygen for 5 days, followed by room air exposure for 5 days. Experimental group 4 was exposed to 75% oxygen for 5 days, 50% oxygen for 2 days and 30% oxygen for 2 days, then room air exposure for 6 days. The supplemental 75% oxygen and room air recovering was performed alternately for the mice in Experimental group 5 for 3 times and then room air exposure for 5 days. The Control group was exposed to room air for consecutive 10 days. The retinal vascular development and proliferation were evaluated by the retinal flat-mounts (ADPase stained retina) and cross-section.

RESULTSThe peripheral vascular pattern was clear, and a few avascular areas were seen in the Control group at P12. At P14 the avascular area disappeared. At P17, the entire vascular pattern became completely normal. In the Experimental groups 1, 3 and 5, the central vessels became tortuous and constricted and the central avascular area increased at P12. At P14, neovascularization was seen peaking at P17 in the Experimental groups 1, 3 and 5. In the Experimental group 4, the central avascular area increased and neovascularization was seen at P14, but the central avascular area was reduced and abnormal neovascularization disappeared, with slight constriction of the deep vessels, at P17. Five days later the vascular pattern became almost normal in the Experimental group 4. The retinal vascular form of the Experimental group 2 was similar to that of the Control group. The average number of neovascular nuclei extending into the vitreous per cross-section in the Experimental groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 and the Control group was 49.50 +/- 1.36, 5.17 +/- 0.67, 47.68 +/- 4.70, 5.74 +/- 2.37, 29.15 +/- 2.48, and 1.22 +/- 0.20 respectively. There were significant differences between the Experimental groups 1, 3, 5 and the Control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe effects of different oxygen inhalation modes on the retinal vessels development in neonatal mice were different. The obvious fluctuation of inhaled oxygen concentration and abrupt stop of supplemental oxygen after high levels of supplemental oxygen may severely affect the development of retina vascular, leading to the pathologic changes similar to retinopathy of prematurity.

Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; methods ; Retina ; growth & development ; Retinal Neovascularization ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; etiology

Nanoporous ZnO was used as a carrier to prepare drug solid dispersion, the mechanism of which to improve the drug dissolution was also studied. Nanoporous ZnO, obtained through chemical deposition method, was used as a carrier to prepare indomethacin and cilostazol solid dispersions by melt-quenching method, separately. The results of scanning electron microscope, surface area analyzer, fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction showed that drugs were implanted into nanopores of ZnO by physical adsorption effect and highly dispersed into nanopores of ZnO in amorphous form, moreover, these nanopores strongly inhibited amorphous recrystallization in the condition of 45 degrees C and 75% RH. In addition, the results of the dissolution tested in vitro exhibited that the accumulated dissolutions of indomethacin and cilostazol solid dispersions achieved about 90% within 5 min and approximately 80% within 30 min. It was indicated in this study that the mechanism of drug dissolution improvement was associated with the effects of nanoporous ZnO carrier on increasing drug dispersion, controlling drug in nanopores as amorphous form and inhibiting amorphous recrystallization.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Drug Carriers ; Indomethacin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nanostructures ; Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Tetrazoles ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction ; Zinc Oxide ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the AIDS-related high risk behaviors of men who havesex with men (MSM) who ever exchanged money for the same sex. Methods Target sampling forcross-sectional study and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences ofAIDS-related high risk behaviors between MSM with the experience of exchanging money for thesame sex and those without that experience. 1959 rstadied samples were recruited in nine cities. SPSS13.0 was used and t, x 2 and Mann-Whitney tests were taken for statistical analysis. ResultsCompared to corresponding ones without "buying" the same sex experience, MSM who ever engagedin "buying" sex had the characteristics of being prone to in marriage and living in larger cities witholder age and higher income (P＜0.01). They also had a significant larger number in the followingevents: total sexual panners, anal sex and oral sex episodes with same sex, number of sexualpartners, anal sex and oral sex in the previous six months, with the figure of median 50.0, 20.0,20.0, 5.0,4.0,5.0 respectively. 31.5% had ever participated in 'group sex', 48.0% had sex with malepartners away from his own region in the previous year, 70.5% had sexual intercourse withstrangers at MSM avenues in the last six months. The OR (95% CI) values were 2.288( 1.702-3.077), 3.231 (2.462-4.241 ), 2.840 (2.140-3.770). All the above mentioned figures werehigher than those without the experience, with significant differences. They had a significant lower rate of 45.7% of condom use while having sex with female partners (P＜0.05). Conclusion MSM with the experience of exchanging money for the same sex would have more AIDS-related high risk behaviors, AIDS preventative measures should be taken to target different subgroups.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Examination ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the risk of sexual behaviors related to AIDS among unmarried men who often have sex with women.Methods Study objectives were recruited through target sampling and anonymous questionnaires were adopted.Men' s sexual behaviors were compared with each other between the group of men who always had sex with women (group A) and who never had sex with women (group B) in the past 6 months.Results The average numbers of same-gender partners among group A who acted as the male role in the past 6 months and who had anal intercourse in the last month were 5.64 and 3.09 respectively,which were both higher than those of group B's (P＜ 0.05).The rate of condom use among men in group A when having sex with men was 81.94% .The percentages of condom use among men in group A who having had oral or anal sex with male sex buyers last time were 15.38% and 70.27% respectively.They were all higher than those of group B' s (P＜0.05 or 0.01 ).The rates of men in group A who were male sex workers and who having had sex with unknown men in gay places during the past 6 months were 27.59% and 61.70% respectively.Among group A,the percentages of men who had had sex with unknown men during the last time and who had had sex with nonlocal male partners during the past year were 43.06% and 40.28% respectively.They were all higher than those of group B's (P＜0.01).The percentage of condom use among men in group A when having had sex with women during the past 6 months was 68.94%,but only 25.96% of the men used condom regularly.The rate of condom use in men from group A when having sex with women during the last sexual intercourse was 65.45%.Conclusion HIV high-risk sex behaviors were more ubiquitous among unmarried MSM who always had sex with women,suggesting that different interventions be developed to prevent them from transmitting HIV from MSM to women or other men.

Objective To explore the risks on sexual behaviors related to AIDS among men who having sex with men (MSM) in floating population and to develop relevant interventions. Methods Study objectives were recruited through target sampling and anonymous questionnaires were adopted. Male sexual behaviors were compared between floating population and permanent registered residents.Results Among those MSM, the average numbers of same-gender partners, oral sex, anal sex and sex with females during the past 6 months among floating population were 9.61, 8.61, 7.52 and 1.17 respectively. Numbers of partners on oral sex and anal sex during the past month were 2.89 and 3.69 respectively. Both figures were higher than those of the permanent registered residents (P<0.05 or P< 0.01). The rates of condom use among floating population when having anal sex with men or with non-marital female partners were 37.15% and 23.28% respectively. The figures were all higher than those of permanent registered residents' (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among floating population, the percentages of men who had sex with male sex workers or who had sex with men acquainted through inter-net or with stable female sex partners were 17.89%, 12.56%, and 31.86% respectively. The rates of men who had group sex among gay men, who bled when having sex with men or who had sex with men from other areas during the past year were 22.13%, 31.38% and 32.36% respectively. The figures were all higher than those of permanent registered residents' (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Sex-related high risk behaviors were more ubiquitous among floating population than those of permanent registered residents because they were more likely to transmit HIV to people from/to other areas. More attention should be paid to the floating population with MSM in particular, when health interventions are carried out.

Objective To understand the status of mobile phone use and bacterial carriage on surface of mobile phones used by health care workers(HCWs) in municipal hospitals in a city,explore the influencing factors of mobile phone use behavior and bacterial carriage status.Methods In April-June,2016,111 HCWs in 24 hospitals in a city were performed questionnaire survey,on-site observation,and sampling of mobile phone surface.Results A total of 111 (100.00％) available questionnaires were distributed and returned.The average age of the respondents were (32.00 ± 9.03)years old,female and nurses were predominant.95.50％ of respondents used touch screen mobile phones,24.32％ used mobile phones during diagnosis and treatment,65.77％ used mobile phone ＞2 hours every day,93.69％ cleaned and disinfected mobile phones,98.20％ thought that pathogenic microorganisms exited on the surface of mobile phones.A total of 111 mobile phone surface specimens were collected,the qualified rate was 80.18％,contamination rate was 95.50％,average colony number was 2.90 CFU/cm2,the maximum bacterial content was 111.60 CFU/cm2.Among 44 specimens of mobile phone surface,55 strains of 18 species of pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were detected.Age,gender,and occupation were the influencing factors of mobile phone use behavior and attitude;qualified rates were all significantly different among mobile phones used by HCWs of different gender,occupation,and duration of mobile phone use (all P＜0.05);bacterial contamination on the surface of mobile phones used by HCWs of different age,gender,occupation,duration of mobile phone use,and whether to use the phone shell/set were significantly different respectively(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Potential pathogens on the surface of mobile phones may cause healthcare-associated infection through the use of mobile phones by HCWs during the process of medical diagnosis and treatment.