In the situation of global completion, collaborative innovation is becoming increasingly important because its advantage in risk avoiding and innovation efficiency. In order to explore the model of collaborative innovation and its evolution in traditional Chinese medicine of China, the cooperation in traditional Chinese medicine patents of China from 1985 to 2013 has been analyzed by using the method of scientometrics and social network analysis. It is proved that, though the number of grated cooperative patents has increased sharply during the last thirty years, the degree of cooperation innovation in traditional Chinese medicine of China is still not high. Moreover, in spite of the individual subject' s leading role in the past domestic collaborative innovation in traditional Chinese medicine of China, the institutions have been more and more powerful and achieved great improvement. At last, core institutions, represented by universities have played an important role in the collaborative innovation of domestic institutions, because they are key links between many institutions and promote the transferring and diffusion of knowledge.
Biomedical Research ; China ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; psychology ; trends ; Nonprescription Drugs

Asthma ; psychology ; therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Stress, Psychological

Objective To obtain abundant human betacellulin(BTC) with biological activity. Methods The whole mature protein coding sequence of BTC gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method applied to human pancreatic ?-cell tumors cDNA.The fragment was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET32a(+) plasmid.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21 and the fusion protein was expressed under isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG).The fusion protein was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography.SDS-PAGE and Western blot were employed to determine the expression and purification of the expected protein.BTC was added to culture NIH3T3 cells for 5 days,and cell proliferation was detected by MTT. Results Lots of fusion protein were produced,and the purified protein can stimulate the proliferation of NIH3T3 cells. Conclusion The human BTC can be successfully obtained from the pET32a(+) system with the biological activity of stimulating the proliferation of NIH3T3 cells.

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression vector of human pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1(PDX-1) gene,and to detect its expression in NIH3T3 cell lines. Methods The whole coding sequence of PDX-1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from human pancreatic-cell tumors cDNA.The fragment was inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 plasmid.The recombinant plasmid was verified by double digestion and DNA sequencing.The expression of PDX-1 gene in NIH3T3 cells was assayed by Western blot. Results The length of specific fragment amplified by PCR was 852 bp,and the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-PDX-1 showed two bands of 5.5 kb and 852 bp by digestion using respective restriction enzymes BamHⅠand EcoRⅠ.The sequence of PDX-1 gene was approved or confirmed by blasting to GenBank.It was suggested that PDX-1 gene had been cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector correctly.Western blot showed that PDX-1 gene was expressed,which was detected 24 h after pcDNA3.1-PDX-1 plasmid was transfected into NIH3T3 cells. Conclusion The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-PDX-1 was successfully constructed and expressed in NIH3T3 cell lines.

Objective To verify the evaluation index system of clinical science and technology achievements, taking the evaluation of science and technology achievements in Guangdong province as a demonstration. Methods We specified the criteria for grading each index included in the evaluation index system that we proposed before. 5 experts in clinical medicine were invited to evaluate 20 achievements applying for the Award of Guangdong Science and Technology Achievements in 2010. The weighted sum of scores for each achievement was calculated and used for further analysis. The reliability and validation of the system were assessed. Results The Cronbach's ? coefficient of the index system was 0. 91, indicating good reliability. There were high correlation of each measure with the total score and their affiliated grade one index. The scores that the experts graded were correlated with the original results of evaluation (rs= 0. 71, P ＜0. 000 1), but there remained some inconsistence. Conclusion The demonstration based on investigation data indicates that the evaluation system is easy to handle and has satisfactory reliability and validation. It can be applied to the evaluation of science and technology achievements in clinical medicine.

Objective To set up a scientific, objective, reasonable, qualitative and quantitative,operational evaluation index system of clinical science and technology achievements, which provides the reference to evaluating clinieal science and technology achievements scientifieally. Methods The Delphi method was used to investigate 30 experts for weight of the index via questionnaire. Results The response rate was 100%. The Kendall's concordance coefficient was up to 0. 963. The final index system includes three first-class indicators, eight second-class indicators and 18 third-class indicators. The weight coefficeient of each class was identified. Conclusion The experts showed enthusiasm for this investigation. The agreement of respondents was high after two rounds of investigation. The index system can be used in comprehensive evaluation for science and technology achievements in clinical medicine. The index system takes a guiding effect for science and technology achievements to solve clinical services and problems.

Objective To understand the effect of circumcision in reducing high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in male adults. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight married adults with phimosis who underwent circumcision enrolled in the case group and high-risk HPV of urethral discharge specimens were detected before and 2 years after operation. A total of 128 cases of phimosis without circumcision were recruited in the control group. High-risk HPV infection rates were compared between the two groups. Results The highrisk HPV infection rates in the two groups were comparable at baseline. In the circumcision group, high-risk HPV infection rate was 27. 3% preoperative and it significantly decreased to 12.5% two years after operation( x2 =8. 839 ,P =0. 005). In the control group,high risk HPV infection rate was 28. 1% at baseline and it was 25.0%two years later, with no significant difference (x2 =0.320,P = 0.671).Conclusion Circumcision can significantly reduce high-risk HPV infection. Promoting circumcision actively in our country may have an important role in preventing high-risk HPV infection.

Objective To investigate the association between obesity and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Methods A total of 253 men (>40 year old) with no obesity related diseases were selected.Medical history,height,body weight,waist circumference (WC),body fat ratio,blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,blood lipid and prostate ultrasound were evaluated.The participants were then assigned to the normal group (body mass index 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m2),overweight group (24.0 to 27.9 kg/m2) and obesity group (≥28 kg/m2).The subjects were also divided into the normal group (WC<85 cm) and abdominal obesity group (WC≥85 cm) or normal group (body fat ratio≤25%) and excessive body fat ratio group (>25%).Prostate volume was analyzed in each group.Results The prostate volume was significantly different between the normal body mass index group and overweight or obesity groups,normal WC group and abdominal obesity group,and normal body fat ratio group and excessive body fat ratio group.The prostate volume was increased in individuals with higher body mass index,WC and body fat ratio.Of those with body mass index≥24 kg/m2 and normal WC or body fat ratio,the incidence of BPH was not significantly increased.Conclusion Obesity may be a risk factor for BPH; individuals with increased WC and body fat ratio may have a higher risk of BPH.

OBJECTIVE:To study the inhibitory effect of dihydrotanshinone(DTS)on human lung cancer GLC-82 cell and its mechanism. METHODS:After treated with 0(blank control),5,10,20,40,80 and 100 μg/ml DTS for 24 and 48 h,MTT as-say was used to measure the inhibition rates and IC50 of cells;cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after treated with 17.85 μg/ml DTS for 12,24 and 48 h to calculate apoptotic rate;Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,different concentrations of DTS inhibited the proliferation of cells;24 and 48 h maximal inhibition rate were 54.48% and 64.95%,respectively;IC50 were 62.36 and 33.94 μg/ml. DTS could induce cell apoptosis in positive time dependent manner,and the range of inhibition rate was 5.6%-29.6%;Western blot showed DTS could down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein and up-regulate the expression of Caspase-3 protein (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:DTS have significant inhibitory effect on GLC-82 cells and also induce cell apoptosis,by a possible mech-anism of down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 protein and up-regulating the expression of Caspase-3 protein.

Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphangiectasis, Intestinal ; Male