In the situation of global completion, collaborative innovation is becoming increasingly important because its advantage in risk avoiding and innovation efficiency. In order to explore the model of collaborative innovation and its evolution in traditional Chinese medicine of China, the cooperation in traditional Chinese medicine patents of China from 1985 to 2013 has been analyzed by using the method of scientometrics and social network analysis. It is proved that, though the number of grated cooperative patents has increased sharply during the last thirty years, the degree of cooperation innovation in traditional Chinese medicine of China is still not high. Moreover, in spite of the individual subject' s leading role in the past domestic collaborative innovation in traditional Chinese medicine of China, the institutions have been more and more powerful and achieved great improvement. At last, core institutions, represented by universities have played an important role in the collaborative innovation of domestic institutions, because they are key links between many institutions and promote the transferring and diffusion of knowledge.
Biomedical Research ; China ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; psychology ; trends ; Nonprescription Drugs

Asthma ; psychology ; therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Stress, Psychological

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression vector of human pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1(PDX-1) gene,and to detect its expression in NIH3T3 cell lines. Methods The whole coding sequence of PDX-1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from human pancreatic-cell tumors cDNA.The fragment was inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 plasmid.The recombinant plasmid was verified by double digestion and DNA sequencing.The expression of PDX-1 gene in NIH3T3 cells was assayed by Western blot. Results The length of specific fragment amplified by PCR was 852 bp,and the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-PDX-1 showed two bands of 5.5 kb and 852 bp by digestion using respective restriction enzymes BamHⅠand EcoRⅠ.The sequence of PDX-1 gene was approved or confirmed by blasting to GenBank.It was suggested that PDX-1 gene had been cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector correctly.Western blot showed that PDX-1 gene was expressed,which was detected 24 h after pcDNA3.1-PDX-1 plasmid was transfected into NIH3T3 cells. Conclusion The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-PDX-1 was successfully constructed and expressed in NIH3T3 cell lines.

Objective To obtain abundant human betacellulin(BTC) with biological activity. Methods The whole mature protein coding sequence of BTC gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method applied to human pancreatic ?-cell tumors cDNA.The fragment was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET32a(+) plasmid.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21 and the fusion protein was expressed under isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG).The fusion protein was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography.SDS-PAGE and Western blot were employed to determine the expression and purification of the expected protein.BTC was added to culture NIH3T3 cells for 5 days,and cell proliferation was detected by MTT. Results Lots of fusion protein were produced,and the purified protein can stimulate the proliferation of NIH3T3 cells. Conclusion The human BTC can be successfully obtained from the pET32a(+) system with the biological activity of stimulating the proliferation of NIH3T3 cells.

Objective To verify the evaluation index system of clinical science and technology achievements, taking the evaluation of science and technology achievements in Guangdong province as a demonstration. Methods We specified the criteria for grading each index included in the evaluation index system that we proposed before. 5 experts in clinical medicine were invited to evaluate 20 achievements applying for the Award of Guangdong Science and Technology Achievements in 2010. The weighted sum of scores for each achievement was calculated and used for further analysis. The reliability and validation of the system were assessed. Results The Cronbach's ? coefficient of the index system was 0. 91, indicating good reliability. There were high correlation of each measure with the total score and their affiliated grade one index. The scores that the experts graded were correlated with the original results of evaluation (rs= 0. 71, P ＜0. 000 1), but there remained some inconsistence. Conclusion The demonstration based on investigation data indicates that the evaluation system is easy to handle and has satisfactory reliability and validation. It can be applied to the evaluation of science and technology achievements in clinical medicine.

Objective To set up a scientific, objective, reasonable, qualitative and quantitative,operational evaluation index system of clinical science and technology achievements, which provides the reference to evaluating clinieal science and technology achievements scientifieally. Methods The Delphi method was used to investigate 30 experts for weight of the index via questionnaire. Results The response rate was 100%. The Kendall's concordance coefficient was up to 0. 963. The final index system includes three first-class indicators, eight second-class indicators and 18 third-class indicators. The weight coefficeient of each class was identified. Conclusion The experts showed enthusiasm for this investigation. The agreement of respondents was high after two rounds of investigation. The index system can be used in comprehensive evaluation for science and technology achievements in clinical medicine. The index system takes a guiding effect for science and technology achievements to solve clinical services and problems.

OBJECTIVE:To study the inhibitory effect of dihydrotanshinone(DTS)on human lung cancer GLC-82 cell and its mechanism. METHODS:After treated with 0(blank control),5,10,20,40,80 and 100 μg/ml DTS for 24 and 48 h,MTT as-say was used to measure the inhibition rates and IC50 of cells;cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after treated with 17.85 μg/ml DTS for 12,24 and 48 h to calculate apoptotic rate;Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,different concentrations of DTS inhibited the proliferation of cells;24 and 48 h maximal inhibition rate were 54.48% and 64.95%,respectively;IC50 were 62.36 and 33.94 μg/ml. DTS could induce cell apoptosis in positive time dependent manner,and the range of inhibition rate was 5.6%-29.6%;Western blot showed DTS could down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein and up-regulate the expression of Caspase-3 protein (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:DTS have significant inhibitory effect on GLC-82 cells and also induce cell apoptosis,by a possible mech-anism of down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 protein and up-regulating the expression of Caspase-3 protein.

Objective To investigate the association between obesity and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Methods A total of 253 men (>40 year old) with no obesity related diseases were selected.Medical history,height,body weight,waist circumference (WC),body fat ratio,blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,blood lipid and prostate ultrasound were evaluated.The participants were then assigned to the normal group (body mass index 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m2),overweight group (24.0 to 27.9 kg/m2) and obesity group (≥28 kg/m2).The subjects were also divided into the normal group (WC<85 cm) and abdominal obesity group (WC≥85 cm) or normal group (body fat ratio≤25%) and excessive body fat ratio group (>25%).Prostate volume was analyzed in each group.Results The prostate volume was significantly different between the normal body mass index group and overweight or obesity groups,normal WC group and abdominal obesity group,and normal body fat ratio group and excessive body fat ratio group.The prostate volume was increased in individuals with higher body mass index,WC and body fat ratio.Of those with body mass index≥24 kg/m2 and normal WC or body fat ratio,the incidence of BPH was not significantly increased.Conclusion Obesity may be a risk factor for BPH; individuals with increased WC and body fat ratio may have a higher risk of BPH.

Objective To explore the feasibility of using the quantitative reference extract of ginkgo leaf total lactones instead of single component reference for the quantitative assay of Ginkgo Folium.Methods HPLC-ELSD method was performed by using a Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with methanol-water as the mobile phase at the gradient elution mode.Flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The parameters of ELSD detector were as follows,the drifit tube temperature was 105 ℃,and the flow rate of nitrogen(N2) was 3 L·min-1.Results The linear ranges of ginkgolide A,ginkgolide B,ginkgolide C,and bilobalide were 0.735-5.879 μg (r=0.999 6),0.404-6.060 μg (r=0.999 6),0.296-4.439 μg (r=0.999 6),and 1.001-6.006 μg (r=0.999 7),respectively.The recoveries and RSD of the four components were 95.6% (4.0%),97.3% (4.5%),99.3% (5.0%),and 100.4% (2.1%),respectively.Conclusion The quantitative reference extract of ginkgo leaf total lactones can be used as the substitute for the determination of terpene lactones.

Objective To investigate the influence of host animals on epidemics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) so as to provide a basis for effective control of HFRS.Methods From the national infectious disease network direct reporting system,the incidence of HFRS cases diagnosed by direct diagnosis of medical institutions in Qingdao was collected from 2011-2015.We captured rats indoor and outdoor by night trapping method quarterly and calculated the capture rates from 2011-2015 in Qingdao areas.The incidence of HFRS in different regions and the change of seasonal growth,the distribution of host animals,the characteristics and distribution of animals,and the seasonal variation of dominant species were analyzed and a database was set up and statistic analysis was conducted by SPSS 13.0.Results The peak incidence rate of HFRS in Qingdao areas occurred in 2012 (3.54/100 000) and presented a decrease trend year by year (x2 =64.15,P ＜ 0.05),but there were different characteristics among the epidemic areas,and lowest in 2015 (1.68/100 000).And the peak presented a two-peak pattern which was mainly an autumn peak and a gentle peak in late spring and early summer.The epidemics were gradually decreased from the rural areas to the urban fringes and then the urban areas.The seasonal variation was disappeared gradually.There was a heavy epidemic intensity in areas with a high capture rate and a complex type of host animals.The epidemic peak was in consistence with the distribution of rats.Capture rates were different among the epidemic areas.The capture rate in Jiaonan was the highest [5.32％(2 886/54 287)] and lowest in Pingdu [1.77％ (258/14 584)].The mean (x2 =820.39,P ＜ 0.05) and annual capture rates (x22011-2015 =32.61,356.24,233.07,129.33,33.42,all P ＜ 0.05) among epidemic areas were different.In the third quarter the accumulated capture rate was the highest [4.69％ (1 187/25 301)].In total 8 kinds of host animals were captured and the dominant species were brown rat [30.27％ (1 235/4 080)],house mouse[29.75％ (1 214/4 080)] and striped field mouse [16.25％ (663/4 080)].Conclusions The epidemic intensity of HFRS is related to the densities and the types of host animals.The gradually decreased epidemic pattern from the rural areas to the urban fringes and then the urban areas may be related to urbanization and improved health behaviors.