OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic mechanism of Kunyining (KYN) on the climacteric syndrome and provide the pharmacodynamic basis.

METHODOvariectomized rats were used as model to observe the effect of KYN on weight and the index of the organ of OVX rats. The concentration of E2, FSH, LH, PRL, BGP and IL-2 in serum were measured by competitive radio-immunological methods.

RESULTKYN could obviously increase the index of uterus and adrenal gland in OVX rats, and enhance the contents of E2, IL-2 and BGP. The level of FSH, LH, PRL in serum were decreased.

CONCLUSIONKYN can regulate beneficially the unbalanced reproductive endocrine-immune network, which is the pharmacological basis of KYN treating climacteric syndrome.

Adrenal Glands ; drug effects ; Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Capsules ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Ovariectomy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prolactin ; blood ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uterus ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo explore a method to repair larger cleft palate and lengthen soft palate without oral palate raw surface and scar formation, reduce the effect on maxilla and dental arch development.

METHODSA modified double opposing Z-plasty was used to lengthen soft palate and the nasal palate was closed by using large turn-over mucoperiosteal flaps on the oral surface of the junction of the hard palate and soft palate, oral raw surface on the palate was closed by a buccal myomucosal island flap.

RESULTSThirty-six palates have been repaired by this procedure, all of which had satisfactory results without flap necrosis, infection, difficulties in opening mouth and facial nerve injury except two post-operative fistulas. Eight patients were followed up and all display complete velopharyngeal closure.

CONCLUSIONSUsing unilateral buccinator myomucosal island flap with double opposing Z-plasty to repair wider palatal cleft can get a satisfactory soft palate lengthening. At the same time it can avoid bone surface exposing and scar formation; it is a safe and reliable procedure.

Adolescent ; Cheek ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

Persistent baculovirus infection is observed frequently in insect populations. Persistent infection can be transformed to a replicative and infective state caused by stress factors and plays an important role in regulating the size of insect population and in epizoology of baculoviruses. The aim of this study is to establish a persistently baculovirus-infected cell system to explore the molecular mechanisms of baculoviral persistence. Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) was serially undiluted passaged in Se301 cells to reduce virulence. Upon infection of Se301 cells with the SeMNPV up to passage 8, a few cells survived even if most of cells died due to virus infection. The surviving cells were passaged and designated as P8-Se301 cell strain. P8-Se301 cells had a population doubling time of 58-65 hours and grew slower than Se301 cells. Light microscopy and electron microscopy observation showed symptom of baculovirus infection, such as virogenic stroma, viral particles and occlusion bodies, in some of P8-Se301 cells. End-point dilution assay and infectious center assay showed that 4.14% +/- 0.99% cells continually released infectious progeny virus which replicated slower than SeMNPV in Se301 cells. The result indicated that P8-Se301 cells show a typical character trait of baculovirus persistent infection.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Nucleopolyhedrovirus ; growth & development ; physiology ; Spodoptera ; virology ; Virus Cultivation ; methods

Objective To understand the characteristics of nonfatal injuries among home-stranded children in the rural environment of Hubei province,and to evaluate the effect on child iniury due to their parents going out for work.Methods Cross-sectional study and cluster sampling surveys were applied in September 2006 to survey students in six schools in Macheng city,Baiguo town and Songpu town.Results 3019 students were surveyed,1182 students were home-stranded children,constituting a rate to 39.15%.Male and female children accounted for 61.51% and 38.49%of students respectively.The rates of homestranded male and female students were 39.92%and 37.98%respectively.Home-stranded students who had both parents accounted for a 62.29%,and those who had one parent at home accounted for 37.71%.Among these students,the total injury rate was 179.1‰,while for home-stranded children it was 253.0‰.Male home-stranded children had the highest injury rate,higher than the rate for females.The three leading causes of injury were fall(84.6‰),mechanical(40.6‰)and animal related injures (36.4‰).The main injury sites were at home,school and on the street.The total length of stay in the hospital was 208 days,and the total cost was RMB 47 268 Yuan,and the average cost per person was RMB 201 Yuan.Conclusion There was a high proportion of home-stranded children in school of Macheng and two towns.Injuries were more serious than general students.It causes a high injury burden to these home-stranded children.It iS important to pay close attention to these children and to improve their safety.

Objective To analysis the influencing factors on underweight and stunting among children aged 0-3 years in rural areas from ten provinces in China.Methods Children under study were identified by multi-stage stratified cluster from rural areas of ten provinces in China.The ascertainment methods mainly included questionnaire and anthropometric measurements.Results There were 58 926 children under investigation,with 50.91％ were boys.The overall rates on underweight and stunting were 5.05％ and 10.49％ respectively.The rate in the 6 month-olds (1.97％,3.79％ ) was the lowest,while the highest were in the 24 month-olds (7.80％) and the 36 month-olds (16.83％).Age,sex,birth weight,gestational weeks as well as maternal education and fathers' schooling were factors significantly related to childhood underweight and stunting (P＜0.0001).Conclusion The status of underweight and stunting among children aged 0-3 years in rural areas was impressive,with birth weight was the key factor influencing the growth of children.Perinatal health care should be improved to promote the growth of children.

OBJECTIVETo study the self-consciousness of children with learning disabilities (LD) and to identify related factors.

METHODSFive hundred and sixty pupils graded from 1 to 6 in an elementary school were investigated. According to the pupil rating scale revised screening for learning disabilities (PRS), combined Raven's test (CRT) and achievement of main courses, 35 of 560 pupils were diagnosed as LD children. Thirty-five children were selected from the average children and 35 from advanced children in academic achievement equally matched in class, gender, and age with LD children as control groups. The three groups were tested by Piers-Harris children's self-concept scale. Basic information of each subject was collected by self-made questionnaire.

RESULTSCompared with the average and advanced children, LD children got significantly lower scores in self-concept scale. Based on logistic regression analysis, 3 factors were identified, including family income per month, single child and delivery model.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that self-consciousness of children with LD is lower than that of normal children.

Child ; Extraction, Obstetrical ; Humans ; Income ; Learning Disorders ; diagnosis ; Obstetrical Forceps ; Only Child ; Risk Factors ; Self Concept

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the clinical outcomes of maximal medical therapy(MMT) and functional endoscopic sinus surgery+ maximal medical therapy (FESS+MMT) for moderate to severe chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) in China, to provide clinical evidence for treatment recommendation.

METHODSA prospective multicenter case control study consisting of 90 strictly selected CRSsNP patients were carried out by ENT Hospital of SUN Yet-sen university and 7 other university affiliated hospitals across China from March 2011 to October 2012. All patients were selected to MMT group or FESS+MMT group followed by 3 months treatment and 6 months follow up. Treatment efficacy evaluation indicators included improvement of visual analogue scale (VAS) score, quality of life, CT score and post-operative nasal endoscopic evaluations. SPSS16.0 software was used to analyze the data.

RESULTSAll patients enrolled complied with moderate to severe CRSsNP evaluation criteria. There were no significant differences found in the baseline data between two groups (P > 0.05). (1) At the 3 time points (pre-treatment, 3 months and 6 mongths after treatment) , VAS overall symptom score in MMT group were 6.52 ± 2.61, 2.66 ± 2.10, 2.40 ± 1.56, significant differences were found among them (t value were 2.083 and 2.295, both P < 0.05); in FESS+MMT group the values were 6.99 ± 2.70, 0.95 ± 0.84, 0.60 ± 0.81, significant differences were found among them (t value were 3.582 and 5.196, both P < 0.05); SNOT-20 score in MMT group were 38.61 ± 17.36, 18.59 ± 14.04, 18.40 ± 8.91, significant differences were found among them (t value were 2.737 and 2.657, both P < 0.05); in FESS+MMT group the values were 38.21 ± 19.61, 5.94 ± 5.01, 2.65 ± 2.31, significant differences were found among them (t value were 3.247, 3.319, both P < 0.05). (2) FESS+MMT group relative to the MMT group in VAS overall symptom score and quality of life improvements appeared earlier and were more pronounced. (3) Overall treatment efficacy showed that in MMT group: complete control 14 cases (30.4%), partially control 31 cases (67.4%), uncontrolled 1 cases (2.2%); In FESS+MMT group: complete control 17 cases (38.6%), partially control 26 cases (59.1%), uncontrolled 1 cases (2.3%). (4) Patients' satisfaction survey showed that the number of the patients who were very satisfied with the efficacy in the FESS+MMT group were 2 times higher than the MMT group.

CONCLUSIONS(1) For moderate to severe CRSsNP, both MMT and FESS+MMT treatment can effectively control the overall symptoms and classified symptoms, reduce CT scores and significantly improve the quality of life, the ineffective rate is less than 5%. (2) FESS+MMT group in terms of improving symptoms and the onset time are better than MMT group, especially in improving the stuffy nose, head and face fullness, and mental and physical symptoms are better than MMT group. (3) FESS+MMT group showed better results in patient satisfaction survey compared to the MMT group. Therefore for moderate to severe CRSsNP patients, FESS+MMT therapy could be recommended as the preferred treatment.

Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nasal Polyps ; surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Sinusitis ; surgery

AIMTo assess the spatiotemporal changes in the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in response to heat stress in the cryptorchid testis, and to investigate a possible relation to Sertoli cell dedifferentiation.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry and western blot were used to examine the expression and activation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in the cryptorchid testis at various stages after experimental cryptorchidism.

RESULTSThe abdominal temperature did not obviously change the total ERK1/2 expression but significantly activated phospho-ERK1/2 in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis. Heat stress increased total JNK expression in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis but did not activate phospho-JNK. Neither total p38 nor phospho-p38 was induced by heat stress in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis. Changes in the spatiotemporal expression of cytokeratin 18 (CK18), a marker of immature or undifferentiated Sertoli cells, were induced in the cryptorchid testis in a pattern similar to the activation of ERK1/2.

CONCLUSIONThe activation of ERK1/2 in the testis may be related to dedifferentiation of Sertoli cells under heat stress induced by experimental cryptorchidism.

Animals ; Cryptorchidism ; enzymology ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme Activation ; Immunohistochemistry ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Scrotum ; enzymology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Objective To understand the current status and relevant factors influencing the duration of breastfeeding in rural areas in China.Methods Children under two years old were selected as subjects from the study on "Physical growth among the under 7-years-old children from the rural areas of ten provinces in China in 2006".Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival curves and Cox multivariate stepwise regression was used to identify the relevant factors on the duration of breastfeeding.Results Median of the duration for breastfeeding was 12 months in rural areas of 10 provinces in China.Results of this study suggested that factors as sex,birth order,areas of residency,nationality,initiation of formula,parents' education levels,maternal services and famliy income were correlated with the duration of breastfeeding.Conclusion Duration of breastfeeding among rural children under 2-years of age was short in the 10 provinces of China.Factors as level of education,residential areas and family income of the parents as well as sex of the chilaren were correlated with the duration of breastfeeding.Intervention program should be implemented to improve the current status on breastfeeding.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of depressive symptoms among adolescents in Wuhan city and explore the association among childhood trauma,resilience and depressive symptom.Methods:Totally 5906 students were chosen from 5 primary schools,3 middle schools and 2 high schools in Wuhan.The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to evaluate childhood trauma experience,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to assess resilience level and depressive symptoms respectively.Results:The rates of depressive symptoms and childhood trauma were 16.1％ (953/5906) and 32.4％ (1915/5906).The subjects with experience of childhood trauma (n =1915) showed higher CES-D scores lower CD-RISC scores and each factor scores compared with those without experience of childhood trauma (n =3991).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the experience of childhood trauma (OR =2.81,95％ CI:2.41-3.29) was risk factor for depressive symptoms.Resilience (51 ≤ CD-RISC ≤ 63:OR =0.53,95 ％ CI:0.44-0.64;64 ≤ CD-RISC ≤ 77:OR =0.32,95 ％ CI:0.26 ～ 0.39;78 ≤ CD-RISC ≤ 100:OR =0.17,95％ CI:0.13-0.22) was protective factor for depressive symptoms.Conclusion:The adolescences with experience of childhood trauma are more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms.Resilience may be a protective factor for depressive symptoms.