The advent of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9)and the emerging communicable disease has brought us profound thoughts on lemology teaching recently. We analyzed the exiting challenges of lemology teaching, including great changes in communicable diseases com-posing but limited class hours, decreasing of communicable diseases cases, medical students' psycho-logical apprehension, lack of teachers, more and more requirements in the prevention and treatment for communicable diseases from the public, etc. Several suggestions on how to further improve the lemology teaching quality were proposed including adjusting the curriculum arrangement, paing atten-tion to accumulate teaching cases, applying multi-media materials, taking full advantage of the teach-ing cases from specialized hospital, teaching students knowledge about themselves protection, improv-ing the quality of young teachers, emphasizing discipline characteristics and the importance of public health, reforming the teaching method and promoting the effect of teaching in communicable diseases.

Objective To evaluate the migrating regulation and ultrastructure of the corneal epithelial stem cells in human fetuses. Methods We examined the corneal cryosections of 14-38 weeks of gestation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed the stratified corneal epithelium and the corneal epithelial stem cells were localized by mouse monocolonal antibody against human 64-kilodalton keratin (mAE5), and the ultrastructure of the corneal epithelial stem cells was observed. Results At 14 weeks of gestation, the corneal epithelium was composed of a single basal cells layer and 1-2 superficial squamous cells layers. Some superficial squamous cells were mAE5 positive in the limbus as well as the central and peripheral cornea. At 17-29 weeks of gestation, the limbus epithelium developed from 3 to 5 cells layers and the central region from 2 to 3 cells layers. mAE5 positive cells were found in the suprabasal layers of all 3 regions examined but not in the basal layer. At 33-38 weeks of gestation, the corneal epithelium consisting of 4-6 cells layers was morphologically mature. mAE5 immunoreaction showed the negative cells were confined to limbus basal layer. The ultrastructure of basal layer cells showed they had more heterochromatin in the nucleus, less organells in the cytoplasm and less desmosomes among them. Conclusion The migration of corneal epithelial stem cells in the human fetuses was from the whole layers to basal layer and confined to limbus region finally, and their ultrastructure was immature.

Objective: To explore the relationship between expressions of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in gastric carcinoma and to establish prognostic indicators for gastric carcinoma. Methods: A total of 72 patients with gastric carcinoma were divided into six groups according to TCM syndrome differentiation. Specimens were collected after operation and ER and PR protein expressions were detected by EnVision immunohistochemical method. Results: The common syndromes in female patients with gastric carcinoma were disharmony between liver and stomach, yin impairment due to stomach heat, and insufficiency of both qi and blood; while in males, interior retention of stagnant toxin, interior retention of phlegm and dampness, and deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach were common. Different TCM syndromes were related with gender (P<0.01), pathology (P<0.01), cell differentiation (P<0.05), infiltration depth (P<0.01), lymphaden metastasis (P<0.05), distant metastasis (P<0.05), and TNM stage (P<0.01). Deficiency and excess syndromes were associated with gender (P<0.05), pathology (P<0.05), tumor location (P<0.01) and TNM stage (P<0.05). The deficiency syndromes were common in female patients. The total positive rates of ER and PR expressions were 8.33% and 37.5% respectively. There was a significant difference in PR expression among different TCM syndromes (P<0.01). PR expression was significantly higher in the syndrome of yin deficiency due to stomach heat than in the other syndromes. The PR expressions in deficiency syndromes were significantly higher than those in excess syndromes (P<0.01). No correlation was found between ER expression and different TCM syndromes. Conclusion: There is a correlation between PR expression and different TCM syndromes in gastric carcinoma.

Viral myocarditis (VMC) is normally caused by myocarditis virus infection. Currently, the Western medicine treatment is mainly about symptomatic supportive treatment, while TCM has remarkable efficacy for this disease. This article started from the 4 common mechanisms of VMC, and elaborated the effects of individual and compound preparation, such as antiviral, regulating immune, anti free redical, antioxidation, improving myocardial metabolism, protecting myocardial cells, with a purpose to provide experimental references for TCM application in clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological features in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Yichang city, and put forward effective prevention and control measures. METHOD: Collecting the data of allergic rhinitis in city proper from 2010 to 2013, input the data into the database and used statistical analysis. RESULT: In recent years, the AR patients in this area increased year by year. The spring and the winter were the peak season of onset. The patients was constituted by young men. There was statistically significant difference between the age, the area,and the gender (P < 0.01). The history of allergy and the diseases related to the gender composition had statistical significance difference (P < 0.05). The allergens and the positive degree in gender, age structure had statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Need to conduct the healthy propaganda and education, optimizing the environment, change the bad habits, timely medical treatment, standard treatment.
Allergens ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; epidemiology ; Seasons

Objective To explore the effect of knowledge,attitudes,and practices (KAP) health education model on the self-care skill among cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC),and to implement the effective health education methods.Methods Totals of 66 cases of cancer patients with PICC were randomly divided into control group(n =35 ) and the experimental group (n =31 ).The control group received routine health education whlie the experimental group received KAP health education regarding strengthened self-care knowledge of PICC,establishment in self care attitude or belief,promotion in self care practice.Before and after intervention,we apply the Exercise of Self-care Agency Scale (ESCA) to asses the extent to which individuals take action toward their health care.Results After intervention,experimental group was higher than the control group significantly in ESCA total score [ ( 117.07 ± 13.75 ) vs ( 101.14 ± 11.56) ],self care skills [ (31.52 ± 3.67 ) vs (26.74 ± 3.46) ],self care responsibility [ (22.39 ± 3.89 ) vs ( 16.03 ±2.80) ],self-concept [ ( 23.39 ± 3.36 ) vs ( 18.83 ± 3.43 ) ],and the difference was statistically significant (t=-3.717,-5.242,-7.685,-5.434,respectively;P＜0.05).Conclusions KAP health education model appears effective in improving the self-care agency among cancer patients with PICC.

In this study, retrospective multi-center study on medical records of Uyghur medicine diagnosis and treatment program of osteoporosis was done and demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic, efficacy evaluation and nursing data and other information were collected. The main and secondary disease manifestations of osteoporosis were analyzed inductively. Osteoporosis was divided into 2 types in Uyghur medicine field, which were abnormal Savda type and abnormal Balgham type. Uighur medicine syndrome type standards of osteoporosis were established. Treatment efficacy was evaluated according to bone pain, bone density, life quality, and improvement of clinical symptoms and Uyghur medical symptoms. On this basis, in accordance with the technical requirements of the national drug review, the study developed clinical research guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis with new Uyghur medicine (draft).

OBJECTIVETo establish gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell strain and study the role of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in drug-resistant process.

METHODSGemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell strain SW1990/GZ was induced by increasing drug dosage intermittently, then the changes of its biological features and the activity of TrxR were examined.

RESULTSStable drug-resistant SW1990/GZ cell strain was established by culturing with gemcitabine for 9 months. The morphology and growth characteristics of the cell strain changed remarkably. The cells shrunk and became rounder; its endoplasm expanded; granular substances increased; and the doubling-time was prolonged. Resistance of the cell line to gemcitabine, fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin significantly increased. The TrxR activity of the drug-resistant cells was increased markedly.

CONCLUSIONSW1990/GZ has certain multidrug resistance to some chemotherapy drugs, and TrxR plays a role in the drug-resistant process.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Deoxycytidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Humans ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the in vitro effect of HSV-tk/GCV using a hTERT promoter-driven vector system on Skov3 ovarian cancer cells.

METHODSAn expression vector (pBTdel-279-tk) containing tk gene under the hTERT promoter was constructed by molecular biological methods, and then was transfected into Skov3 ovarian cancer cells, normal ovarian epithelial cells (NOEC) and human embryonic lung fibroblast by cationic liposome. Following the transfection with tk, GCV was added, and MTT and flow cytometry methods were applied to investigate its antitumor effect. RT-PCR was used to detect the tk gene in ovarian cancer cells and normal cells after the transfection of pcDNA3-tk or pBTdel-279-tk.

RESULTSpBTdel-279-tk/GCV system induced apoptosis in hTERT-positive ovarian cancer cells, but not in hTERT-negative normal ovarian epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The hTERT promoter system was almost as efficient in inducing cancer cell death as the CMV promoter. tk gene was expressed in Skov3 cells and NOEC after pcDNA3-tk transfection, while positive was only in ovarian cancer cells after pBTdel-279-tk transfection.

CONCLUSIONThe telomerasespecific transfer of the tk gene under the hTERT promoter is a novel targeting approach for the treatment of ovarian cancer and may lead to an effective and specific gene therapy.

Apoptosis ; genetics ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Female ; Ganciclovir ; pharmacology ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Simplexvirus ; genetics ; Telomerase ; genetics ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The study was aimed to observe the effect of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (rhG-CSF) in low dose on peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization in unrelated healthy normal donors. G-CSF was administered at 5 microg/(kg x d) subcutaneously for successive 5 or 6 days to 56 unrelated donors. Stem cells were harvested on the fourth and fifth days or on the fifth and sixth days. The numbers of mononuclear cells (MNC), CD34(+) cells and Hb, Plt, and CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD20(+) cells were determined during the mobilization. The results showed that most common adverse events were bone pain (17.9%, 10/56), agrypnia (8.9%, 5/56) and lassitude (4.5%, 3/56) during rhG-CSF mobilization, but all donors were suffered less than grade II according to the WHO criteria, and did not need to stop the mobilization and not need to give special treatment. In harvest on day 4 - 5 and 5 - 6, MNC count was (5.95 +/- 1.52) x 10(8)/kg and (7.19 +/- 2.12) x 10(8)/kg; CD34(+) cells count was (3.03 +/- 1.09) x 10(6)/kg and (7.92 +/- 2.50) x 10(6)/kg. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin level and platelet count, the percentage of CD3(+) cells, CD4(+) cells, CD8(+) cells and CD20(+) cells between pre-mobilization and post-mobilization of rhG-CSF. It is concluded that the low dose of rhG-CSF 5 microg/(kg x d) for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in unrelated healthy normal donors is safe and effective.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Donors ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Recombinant Proteins