Objective To establish a method for detecting K-rag gene point mutation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on the pyrosequencing and to compare its performance with that of Sanger sequencing.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded pancreatic tissues including 49 pancreatic adenocarcinoma,10 normal pancreas,11 chronic pancreatitis,18 benign pancreatic tumor,7 insulin carcinoma,9 ampullary carcinoma,7 bile duct carcinoma and 7 duodenum papillary adenocarcinoma tissues.K-rag gene point mutations at codon 12 were analyzed by pyrosequencing and Sanger sequencing,respectively.Results No mutant K-ras gene Wag detected in normal pancreas,chronic pancreatitis,benign pancreatic tumor,insulin carcinoma,ampullary carcinoma,bile duct carcinoma and duodenum papillary adenocarcinoma tissues by either pyrosequencing or Sanger sequencing.K-rag gene point mutation was detection rate in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues was 71.4%(35/49)by pyrosequencing and 61.2%(30/49)by Sanger sequencing,respectively.Conclusions Pyrosequencing is more sensitive than Sanger sequencing and is also accurate,rapid and of high throushput in detecting mutant K-ras gene.It may serve as a practical method for fast batch analysis of clinical samples.

Objective:To investigate the value of MRI and MSCT in TNM staging of laryngocarcinoma.Method:Thirty-seven patients with laryngocarcinoma were underwent by contrast enhanced scan and muhiplanar reconstruction.Thirty-five patients with laryngocarcinoma were underwent contrast enhanced muhislice spiral CT,which of them were done by MPR.There are 28 cases which were scan by MRI and MSCT in the two former nd we contrasted the accuracy rating in laryngeal manifestation of abnormality.In the former two groups,we observed them the variability in the aspect of lymphaden metabasis and TNM staging.Result:In all 28 cases,the MRI had better accuracy rating in displaying the parts of preepiglottic space,larynx side interspace,lingual root,eck tissue,vocal cord.In the TNM staging,there was no difference in stage one in accuracy rating,as the stag stepping up,the accuracy rating of MRI had became better.The last result was that the two methods had difference in staging.In the two methods,MSCT had better sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rating.Conclusion:RI and MSCT had good accuracy rating in TNM staging,MRI has better accuracy rating in some of laryngeal,but as the lymphaden metabasis,the MSCT was better.There were variability in staging,and the MRI was better.

Objective To investigate the safety of thalidomide in the treatment of immune-related bowel diseases for providing clinical reference.Methods Thirty-five patients with immune-related bowel diseases (31 Crohn's disease,2 ulcerative colitis and 2 Behcet's disease) treated with thalidomide were enrolled in this study.The incidence,type,severity,duration of thalidomide related adverse drug reaction (ADR) and the dose-effect relationship of neurotoxicity were analyzed.Results All the patients were treated with a mean dose of thalidomide (109.29 ± 30.37) mg/d for (18.8 ± 12.4) months,and 33 occurred ADR.The three most frequent ADR were numbness [51.4％ (18/35)],somnolence [48.6％ (17/35)] and dermatitis [37.1％ (13/35)].The median time to development of these three ADR were 6.50,0.25,and 1.00 months,respectively.Severe ADR leading to withdrawal accounted for 20.0％ (7/35),including reasons of peripheral neuritis (3/7),dermatitis (2/7) and myelosuppression (2/7).The incidence of peripheral neuritis was not significantly related to the maximal and initial dose of thalidomide (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Although the incidence of ADR was relatively high during the treatment of thalidomide,most of them were mild and well tolerated.Thalidomide can be safely used in patients with immune-related bowel diseases under close monitoring.

Adult ; CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; pathology ; Male

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; CD2 Antigens ; metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Breakage ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Objective To conclude the characterization of renal cellular carcinoma(RCC)with contrast enhanced ultrasound.Methods Seventy patients(seventy-two nodules)with RCC,which were confirmed by operation and biopsy underwent conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Microbubble agents SonoVue and contrast pulse sequence(CPS)were used.The conventional uItrasonographic characterization and the enhancement patterns of lesions were analyzed.Results On baseline sonography,the numbers of lesions that showed hypoechogenicity,isoechogenicity,and hyperechogenicity were 44.4%(32/72),25.0%(18/72)and 30.6%(22/72),respectively.Only 28 lesions(38.9%)showed flow signals on color Doppler sonography,the mean maximum velocity of which WSS(43.7±16.8)cm/s(range,24.8-95 cm/s),and the mean resistance index was 0.635±0.11(range.0.52-0.83).Sixty-three(87.5%)lesions were hyper-vascular in cortical phase.Among them forty-eight(76.2%)lesions were hypo-enhanced,and fifteen(23.8%)lesions were still hyper-vascular in late phase.The remaining nine hypervascular nodules in cortical phase were still hyper-enhancing in late phase.Fifty-four(75.0%)lesions were inhomogeneous enhancement.and pseudocapsule was observed in sixty-three(87.5%)RCC lesions.Conclusions The enhancement patterns of RCC are characteristic,and CEUS may be helpful in differential diagnosis of focal renal lesions.

Objective To explore a method of establishing a canine model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by puncturing the main branch of middle cerebral artery (MCA) under ultrasonic guidance and proceed a pilot study of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of ICH.Methods Twelve adult healthy mongrel dogs were enrolled in the experiment.In the condition of bone window,the main branch of MCA was punctured to bleed under the ultrasonic guidance.CEUS of brain was performed every 30 minutes until hematoma formed and another CEUS was performed at 24 hours.Then brains were collected for pathologic examination after dogs were euthanized.Results Eleven of twelve dogs developed ICH successfully that located in the Out edge of basal ganglia,which was confirmed by CEUS and autopsy.One dog died within 6 hours due to intraventricular hemorrhage which was confirmed by autopsy.The hematoma diameters were measured as (22.4 ± 7.1)mm by CEUS before euthanasia and as (21.6 ± 6.9)mm on autopsy.There was no significant difference between the two methods of measurement (t =1.521,P =0.1565).The characteristics of active bleeding and hematoma on ICH were performed in the CEUS imaging.Conclusions A model of dog ICH by puncturing the main branch of MCA under the guidance of ultrasound was established successfully,and it proved to be simple,effective and repeatable.The imaging characteristics of this model are in good accordance with those of ICH in patients.

Objective To investigate the usefulness of parametric imaging of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in imaging hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using dynamic vascular patterns (DVP). Methods Thirty clinically or pathologically proven HCCs that had undergone CEUS were randomly included. SonoLiver CAP sofeware was used to analyze the CEUS images and reconstruct DVP parametric images. Results The rise time, time to peak and mean transit time were (16. 72±11. 07) s, (29. 92±14. 13) s,(115. 03±90. 91)s in HCC versus (26. 59±9. 60) s, (41.67±12. 59) s, (159.26±123. 74) s in the surrounding liver parenchyma (all P <0. 05). The perfusion index was (90. 41±102. 49) % in HCC versus (54. 10±24. 99)% in surrounding liver parenchyma( P = 0.044). DVP curve and DVP parametric image could both be divided into three types:washout,non-washout and cystic type. The percentages of which were 76.7% (23/30), 20.0% (6/30) and 3.3% (1/30) in DVP curves, respectively, and 66.7% (20/30), 30.0% (9/30) and 3.3% (1/30) in DVP parametric images,respectively. Conclusions Parametric image of CEUS could demonstrates the difference of flow perfusion static between HCC and surrounding liver parenchyma dynamically and directly.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of MRI and MSCT in TNM staging of laryngocarcinoma. METHOD: Thirty-seven patients with laryngocarcinoma were underwent by contrast enhanced scan and multiplanar reconstruction. Thirty-five patients with laryngocarcinoma were underwent contrast enhanced multislice spiral CT, which of them were done by MPR. There are 28 cases which were scan by MRI and MSCT in the two former and we contrasted the accuracy rating in laryngeal manifestation of abnormality. In the former two groups, we observed them the variability in the aspect of lymphaden metastasis and TNM staging. RESULT: In all 28 cases, the MRI had better accuracy rating in displaying the parts of preepiglottic space, larynx side interspace, lingual root, neck tissue, vocal cord. In the TNM staging, there was no difference in stage one in accuracy rating, as the stag stepping up, the accuracy rating of MRI had became better. The last result was that the two methods had difference in staging. In the two methods, MSCT had better sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rating. CONCLUSION MRI and MSCT had good accuracy rating in TNM staging, MRI has better accuracy rating in some of laryngeal, but as the lymphaden metastasis, the MSCT was better. There were variability in staging, and the MRI was better.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical findings, EBV and c-myc gene status of intra-abdominal non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma occurring in children.

METHODSSeventy-four cases of pediatric intra-abdominal non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma were retrieved from the archival file. The cases were classified according to the 2008 WHO classification. Tissue microarray including tumor tissues from all the 74 cases was produced. Immunohistochemical study (SP method) for CD20, CD3, CD79a, CD10, bcl-6, MUM1, bcl-2, CD43, CD38 and Ki-67 was performed. In-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) and fluorescence in-situ hybridization for c-myc gene were also carried out.

RESULTSAmongst the 74 cases studied, 65 of them (87.8%) were Burkitt lymphoma (BL), 4 cases (5.4%) were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the remaining 5 cases (6.8%) showed features in-between DLBCL and BL (DLBCL/BL). The patients often presented with abdominal pain, abdominal masses, ileus and intussusception. The ileocecal bowel wall and mesenteric lymph nodes were commonly involved. The lymphoma cells were of high histologic grade and suggested an aggressive clinical behavior. The staining for CD20 and CD79a were positive in all of the cases, while CD3 was negative. The positive rates of CD10, bcl-6, bcl-2, MUM1, CD43, CD38 and EBER in BL were 96.9% (63 cases), 95.4% (62 cases), 0 (0 case), 23.1% (15 cases), 70.8% (46 cases), 96.9% (63 cases) and 41.5% (27 cases), respectively. Fifty-four cases carried translocation of c-myc gene. As for DLBCL, the positive cases of CD10, bcl-6, bcl-2, MUM1, CD43, CD38 and EBER were 3 cases, 2 cases, 3 cases, 2 cases, 2 cases, 2 cases and 0 case, respectively. One of these cases showed c-myc gene translocation. Amongst the 4 cases of DLBCL, 2 of them belonged to germinal center B-cell-like subtype, while the remaining 2 cases were of non-germinal center B-cell-like subtype. The expression rates of CD10, bcl-6, bcl-2, MUM1, CD43, CD38 and EBER in DLBCL/BL were 5/5, 4/5, 0, 3/5, 5/5, 3/5 and 0, respectively. Three of the cases were positive for c-myc gene translocation.

CONCLUSIONSThe majority of pediatric intra-abdominal non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma belonged to BL. They have characteristic clinical presentation and sites of predilection and are often associated with an aggressive clinical behavior. Thorough morphologic assessment, immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization play an important role in subtyping this group of lymphoid malignancy.

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; CD79 Antigens ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genes, myc ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Translocation, Genetic