OBJECTIVETo verify the optimal cut-off points for overweight and obesity in Chinese adults based on the relationship of baseline body mass index (BMI) to all-cause mortality, and incidence of cardiovascular diseases from pooled data of Chinese cohorts.

METHODSThe prospective study data of existing cohort studies in China were collected, and the age-adjusted all-cause mortality stratified by BMI were estimated. The similar analysis was repeated after excluding deaths within the first three years of follow-up and after excluding smokers. The incidence of age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke stratified by BMI were also analyzed. Multiple Cox regression coefficients of BMI for the incidence of CHD and stroke after controlling other risk factors were pooled utilizing the methods of weighting by inverse of variance to reveal whether BMI had independent effect and its strength on the incidence of CHD and stroke.

RESULTSThe data of 4 cohorts including 76,227 persons, with 745,346 person-years of follow-up were collected and analyzed. The age-adjusted all-cause mortality stratified by BMI showed a U-shaped curve, even after excluding deaths within the first three years of follow-up and excluding smokers. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality increased when BMI was lower than 18.5 and higher than 28. The incidence of CHD and stroke, especially ishemic stroke increased with increasing BMI, this was consistent with parallel increasing of risk factors. Cox regression analysis showed that BMI was an independent risk factor for both CHD and stroke. Each amount of 2 kg/m2 increase in baseline BMI might cause 15.4%, 6.1% and 18.8% increase in relative risk of CHD, total stroke and ischemic stroke. Reduction of BMI to under 24 might prevent the incidence of CHD by 11% and that of stroke by 15% for men, and 22% of both diseases for women.

CONCLUSIONBMI < or = 18.5, 24-27.9 and > or = 28 (kg/m2) is the appropriate cut-off points for underweight, overweight and obesity in Chinese adults.

Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; mortality ; Cause of Death ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; Prospective Studies ; Reference Values ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; etiology ; mortality

Acute Disease ; Case-Control Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Female ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology

Aim To investigate the role of autophagy and its mechanism in Raji cell death induced by arse-nic trioxide. Methods Transmission electron micros-copy ( SEM) and MDC fluorescence staining were used to observe autophagy. MTT colorimetry was employed to assay the cellular proliferating activity. Cell apopto-sis and cell cycle analysis were performed using FITC-Annexin-V/PI double staining and flow cytometry ( FCM) . The expressions of LC3 and the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II were measured by western bloting. The expression of bcl-2 mRNA and p53 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain re-action ( RT-PCR ) . Results Arsenic trioxide could obviously inhibit the proliferation of Raji cells, arrest the cells at G2/M phase and induce apoptosis. Mean-while, arsenic trioxide markedly inhibited the expres-sion of bcl-2 mRNA and enhanced the expression of p53 mRNA in Raji cells. Arsenic trioxide also induced autophagy synchronously which paralleled with the in-duction of apoptosis in Raji cells, and 3-MA, an auto-phagy inhibitor, was able to reverse the arsenic triox-ide-activated autophagic activity, up-regulate bcl-2, down-regulated p53 expression and suppress the lethal effect of arsenic trioxide on Raji cells to reduce their sensitivity to arsenic trioxide. In contrast, the Rapamy-cin, an autophagy inducer, possessed the completely opposite effects on Raji cells compared with 3-MA. Conclusions The apoptosis and autophagic cell death are coexistent in arsenic trioxide-triggered death of Raji lymphoma cells, and Bcl-2 and p53 may play a key regulating role in this process.

Objective To explore relationship between resistin'adipenectin and insulin resistance(IR) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods Based on polysomnography (PSG) and disease history ,68 patients were divided into three groups: mild ( L, n = 24 ), moderate ( M, n = 13 ), severe ( S, n = 31 ) OSAHS, and normal control ( n = 20 ). Fasting serum glucose, insulin, lipoids, resistin and adipanectin were measured. HOMA-IR was calculated, the correlation between HOMA-IR and resistin, adiponectin, lipoids, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, apnea-hypopnea index ( AHI), the lowest saturation of blood oxygen ( LSaO2) and the per-centage of total sleep time spent with an oxygen saturation less than 90% (T90) were analysed. Results The levels of serum resistins in each OSAHS group were (8.04 ±2. 14), ( 10.85±4.89 ), ( 13.34±3.52 )mg/L, and were sig-nificantly higher than those in control group ( 9.49 ± 2.40) mg/L ( P < 0.05 ), S were significantly higher than L (P<0.05) ;The levels of serum adiponectin of OSAHS groups were(6. 21 ± 1.74), (4. 19±1.80), (2.26± 1.17 ) mg/L, and were significantly lower than those in control group(9.49±2.40) mg/L (P < 0.05 ), and the inter-group differences were statistically significant (P <0. 05). HOMA-IR of M and S were(4.07±0.97), (5.61± 2.26) significantly higher than those of L and control group( 1.57 ±0. 58 ), (2.47 ±1.52 ) ( P < 0.05 ), and inter-group differences between M and S were statistical significant( P < 0.05 ). Spearman correlation analysis showed that HOMA-IR was significantly positive correlated with resistin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, body mass index,waist-hip rafio,AHI,T90( r =0. 794,0.438,0. 430,0. 351,0. 456,0.775,0.624 ,P <0.01 ) ,negative with adiponectin, LSaO2 (r=-0.563, -0.623 ,P <0.01 ). Partial correlation analysis showed that after the effect of adiponeetin and resis-tin were controlled,HOMA-IR was significant positive correlation with T90 and AHI(r =0.231,0.358 ,P <0.05 ). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that, to HOMA-IR, resistin and AHI were the most significant impact factors (R2 =0.613,F=69.810,P<0.01). Conclusions HOMA-IR is significantly positively correlated with the severity of OSAHS,independent of the blood lipids, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, resistin, adiponectin and other factors;the effects of blood lipids,body mass index,waist-hip ratio and other factors on HOMA-IR probably depend on resistin and adiponectin;AHI and plasma resistin level may determine the level of insulin resistance in patients with OSAHS.

Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Frontal Bone ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; pathology ; Humans ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; metabolism ; pathology ; Skull Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Dust ; analysis ; Humans ; Magnoliopsida ; Pneumoconiosis ; epidemiology ; Prevalence

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; complications ; metabolism ; Body Height ; Growth Disorders ; etiology ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase ; metabolism

Objective Determining the characteristics of human fetal hepatocytes in vitro. Methods Isolating and culturing human fetal hepatocytes by stepwise trypsinization of liver fragment in vitro; collecting the culture medium to determine the secretion of AFP, ALB and the functional enzymes (including ALT, AST, GGT, ALP and LDH) of different generations in culture; determining the expression of cytochrome C by immunohistochemistry; testing the effects of sodium byturate on human fetal hepatocytes. Results Human fetal hepatocytes were polygonal epithelial cells in DMEM medium. They could be maintained for 5.5 months (about 30 passages) in vitro. They secreted ALB and functional enzymes all over their cultivation. Conclusion Human fetal hepatocytes can be maintained keeping function in vitro for several months.

Objective To analyse the necessity of colposcopic directed biopsy to vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) before hysterectomy due to early stage cervical cancer (stage Ⅰ) or high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods A total of 669 patients who underwent a hysterectomy due to early stage cervical cancer (stage Ⅰ) and CINⅢin Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University,from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013 and followed up, 99 patients with VAIN were enrolled. The clinical data and following up the prognosis were prospectively analyzed retrospectively. Results The occurrence rate of VAIN before and after hysterectomy due to cervical dysplasia was 14.8%(99/669), the occurrence rate and the grade of VAIN showed that significantly increased from CINⅢto cervical cancer stageⅠ(P<0.05);Only 15 patients enrolled had undergone vaginal wall biopsy by colposcopy pre-hysterectomy, including 11 patients who were diagnosed with VAINⅡ-Ⅲand underwent vagina extended resection during the hysterectomy. The 5 year recurrence rate of vaginal stump VAIN after hysterectomy was 12.1%(12/99) and the progression rate was 4.0%(4/99), the recurrent rate was 2.0%(2/99). Conclusions For all the patients who are planning to undergo hysterectomy due to stageⅠcervical cancer and CINⅢ, routine upper side of the vagina wall colposcopic-directed biopsy pre-hysterectomy is strongly recommended. All the patients after hysterectomy due to cervical dysplasia should be followed up regularly within 3 years after hysterectomy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of endocannabinoid system on cardiac hypertrophy in experimental rats with chronic intermittent hypoxia and to study the impact of endocannabinoid antagonist, rimonabant in such pathological processing.
Methods: A total of 48 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. 4 and 6 weeks of Normal control group, 4 and 6 weeks of Hypoxia group, 4 and 6 weeks of Hypoxia with rimonabant intervention group. n=8 in each group. The rats were sacrificed to measure left ventricular mass index (LVMI), the myocardial cell morphological changes were observed by optical microscope, the expression of cardiac calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry at 4 and 6 weeks respectively.
Results: Compared with 4 and 6 weeks of Normal control group, the LVMI, cardiac hypertrophy condition, CaMKII and CT-1 were increased in 4 and 6 weeks of Hypoxia group, all P<0.001. Compared with Normal control group and Hypoxia group, the above indexes in Hypoxia with rimonabant intervention group were higher than those in Normal control group while lower than those in Hypoxia group, all P<0.001.
Conclusion: The Chronic intermittent hypoxia could induce myocardial hypertrophy via endocannabinoid system disorders, such pathological processing could be reduced by rimonabant intervention.