Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Temporal Bone ; pathology

Objective To observe the change of serum leptin in different risk stratifications of coronary heart disease (CHD) and to investigate its relationship with the severity of coronary artery lesion and the coronary artery Gensini score and its value in the coronary heart disease risk stratification .Methods According to coronary angiography ,120 research subjects were enrolled and di-vided into 4 groups :the non-CHD group ,stable angina(SAP) group ,unstable angina pectoris(UAP) group and myocardial infarc-tion group(AMI) ,respectively .The serum leptin levels in 4 groups were determined by immunoassay and the correlation between the leptin level with the coronary heart disease risk factor and biochemical markers of risk assessment was analyzed .Results The serum leptin level in the AMI group was significantly higher than that in the non-CHD group and the SAP group ,the leptin level showed the increasing trend with the increase of the coronary lesion severity and the Gensini scores and was positively related with the CHD risk stratification indicators cTnT and smoking index ,and negatively related with blood uric acid .Conclusion The serum leptin may be used as the valuable marker for evaluating the occurrence of acute coronary event and has good correlation with usual biochemical markers of CHD risk stratification and the severity of coronary artery lesion .

Brain Diseases ; diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Paragonimiasis ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of breastfeeding quality improvement on the breastfeeding rate in very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of VLBW and ELBW infants who were admitted from July 2014 to July 2015 (pre-improvement group) and those who were admitted from August 2015 to June 2016 after the implementation of breastfeeding quality improvement measures (post-improvement group). The parameters including condition of breastfeeding (breastfeeding rate, breastfeeding amount, and breastfeeding time), duration of parenteral nutrition, time to enteral feeding, and incidence of feeding intolerance were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe implementation of breastfeeding quality improvement measures significantly increased breastfeeding rate and amount, significantly shortened time to addition of human milk fortifier, duration of parenteral nutrition, and time to enteral feeding, and significantly decreased the incidence of feeding intolerance.

CONCLUSIONSBreastfeeding quality improvement measures can increase breastfeeding rate in the NICU and decrease gastrointestinal complications in preterm infants.

Breast Feeding ; statistics & numerical data ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Male ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Quality Improvement ; Retrospective Studies ; Weight Gain

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has an important role in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Accumulated evidence has shown that HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) can induce both genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, as well as epigenetic aberrations in HCC pathogens. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) mainly include microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Although ncRNAs cannot code proteins, growing evidence has shown that they have various important biological functions in cell proliferation, cell cycle control, anti-apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, tumor invasion and metastasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms and emerging roles of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC. Accumulated data have shown that ncRNAs regulated by HBx have a crucial role in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. The findings of these studies will contribute to more clinical applications of HBV-related ncRNAs as potential diagnostic markers or as molecular therapeutic targets to prevent and treat HBV-related HCC.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Proliferation ; Epigenomics ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans* ; MicroRNAs ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogenes ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated*

Demography ; Homosexuality, Male ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety of peri-operative management on children with juvenile recurrent respiratory papilloma (JORRP).

METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted on preoperative assessment, anesthesia methods and options, operative procedure, and postoperative airway maintenance in 28 JORRP children aged from ten months to seven years old. A total of 148 times of surgery was performed on these 28 children.

RESULTSOne hundred and nine JORRP children graded one and two-degree dyspnea underwent surgery within 24 hours and were intubated successfully in the first attempt after intravenous induction. Thirty-nine emergency operations were performed in the children graded three and four-degree dyspnea, 35 of them were intubated successfully in the first attempt after inhalation induction and 4 succeeded in the second attempt. No complications occurred in 129 JORRP children postoperatively, 17 children suffered from mild dyspnea and relieved after oxygen inhalation, 2 children were intubated and sent to intensive care unit because of postoperative hypoxemia. All JORRP children got through the peri-operative period safely. The quality of pronunciation in 101 children improved markedly and 35 suffered from slight hoarseness on the 1st postoperative day. Three children had the tracheal tube of tracheostomy removed after receiving five, four and three operations respectively. Nineteen children were followed up for 2 - 5 years. Among them, one child did not relapse 3 years after surgical management.One child suffered from laryngostenosis postoperatively. No death occurred.

CONCLUSIONComplete preoperative preparation, rational anesthesia methods, careful operative procedure and airway maintenance after surgery could increase the safety for children with recurrent respiratory papilloma.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Male ; Papillomavirus Infections ; surgery ; Perioperative Care ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the associations between partner-seeking activities through internet and HIV/AIDS related risk behaviours among men who have sex with men(MSM).Methods Target sampling.anonymous questionnaires were adopted and analyzed with SPSS 11.0.Results Data from 45.6% of the 2178 valid questionnaires showed that most partner-seeking activities was through internet.73.1% of them landed on gay website.in which 83.0% looked for sexual partners and 91.7% of them had intercourse with other men met through internet when compared with MSM who did not seek sex activities through internet.The internet group obviously had fewer numbers of partners(5.73 vs.10.3),oral sex partners(5.13 vs.8.71),passive anus sex partners(4.67 vs.8.26)and active anus sex partners (3.51 vs.6.06)in the past 6 months(P＜0.01 respectively)and obviously had fewer group sex(16.7% vs.20.5%)activities in the past one year but had more activities on oral sex(94.7% vs.89.6%),anus sex(95.1% vs.86.5%),regular sexual partner(52.6% vs.46.7%)in the past 6 months(83.4% vs.75.5%)(P＜0.01 respectively)and more likely to have finger intercourse(52.2% vs.38.5%),hemorrhage sexual intercourse(36.4% vs.21.9%,OR=2.04),non-local sexual intercourse(28.1% vs.22.7%)(P＜0.01 respectively).Conclusion Seeking sexual partners through internet had positive and double effects on MSM's risk behaviours.suggesting that it is of urgent need to take the advange of internet and gay website to disseminate HIV/AIDS prevention message.

Objective To study the AIDS related high risk behaviors and psychological appearances among men who have sex with men (MSM) who ever experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA).Methods Target sampling for a cross-sectional study was developed and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences of high risk behaviors related to AIDS and psychological appearances betwen those with or without CSA experiences among 2147 MSM from nine cities.Results Compared to corresponding ones without CSA experience,CSA group had a significant larger numbers in the following events: total sexual partners,anal sex episodes with same sex,female sexual partners and anal sex in the previous six months,with the figures of median as 20.0,10.0,3.0,3.0 respectively.In the previous year,30.8% of them had ever participated in 'group sex',19.2% ever exchanged money for sex,36.7% bled while having sexual intercourse,37.3% had sex with male partners away from his own region.All the above said figures were higher than non-CSA group,with significant differences.It also appeared that CSA experience had an impact on significant lower rate of condom use (67.3%) in the last anal sex.Those with CSA experience had more psychological problems which appeared as: 75.6% considered they would suffer from serious discrimination if their sexual orientation ever disclosed,34.7% had a strong intention of suicide and 24.3% ever having had suicidal attempts.The differences of the two groups showed statistical significance.Condusion CSA experience not only increased the number of AIDS related high risk behaviors in adulthood,but also had negative impact on their psychological appearances.It is of urgent need to carry out psychological intervention approaches to target on MSM with CSA experiences while childhood sexual education and rights assurance towards juvenile population should also not be neglected.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) secondary mutations, haplotypes, GJB2 gene mutations on phenotype of 1494C>T mutation, and to study the molecular pathogenic mechanism of maternally transmitted aminoglycoside-induced and nonsyndromic hearing loss.

METHODSTwo Chinese Han pedigrees of maternally transmitted aminoglycoside induced and nonsyndromic hearing loss were collected. The two probands and their family members underwent clinical, genetic and molecular evaluations including audiological examinations and mutational analysis of mitochondrial genome and GJB2 gene.

RESULTSClinical evaluation revealed wide range of severity, age-at-onset and audiometric configuration of hearing impairment in matrilineal relatives in both families, for which the penetrance of hearing loss was respectively 42.9% and 28.6% when aminoglycoside-induced deafness was included. When the effect of aminoglycosides was excluded, the penetrances of hearing loss were 14.3% and 14.3%. Sequence analysis of mitochondrial genomes identified a known 12S rRNA 1494C>T mutation, in addition with distinct sets of mtDNA polymorphisms belonging to Eastern Asian haplogroups C4a1a and B4b1c, respectively.

CONCLUSIONMitochondrial 12S rRNA 1494C>T mutation probably underlie the deafness in both families. Lack of significant mutation in the GJB2 gene ruled out involvement of GJB2 in the phenotypic expression. However, aminoglycosides and other nuclear modifier genes may still modify the phenotype of the 1494C>T mutation in these families. The B4b1c is a newly identified haplogroup in aminoglycoside-induced and nonsyndromic hearing loss family carrying the 1494C>T mutation. The 1494C>T mutation seems to have occurred sporadically through evolution.

Adult ; Aminoglycosides ; adverse effects ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Haplotypes ; Hearing Loss ; chemically induced ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Young Adult