OBJECTIVE: The objectives are to deliver clinicians and researchers in academia the history, ethics, current principles, guidelines and issues of research in child and adolescent psychopharmacology and to identify challenges facing professionals in the field. METHODS: Children as research subjects were exploited and abused until the middle of 20th century. The response to the conduct of unethical research lead to the overprotection of human subjects in biomedical and behavioral research. In the 1990s, increased spending and the introduction of pediatric exclusivity lead to a large increase in pediatric psychopharmacologic research. Despite the increased number of research, concerns exist about methods and bioethics for making new medications available for use in child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Through literature review and personal experience, concerns and issues surrounding the research in child and adolescent psychopharmacology were discussed. CONCLUSION: To ensure early access of new drugs for treating psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, we must strengthen our ability to self-assess in the field of research, be familiar with bioethics and be able to address the challenges posed by the restrictive environment governing child and adolescent psychopharmacology research.
Adolescent* ; Behavioral Research ; Bioethics ; Child* ; Ethics ; Humans ; Psychopharmacology* ; Research Subjects

Qualitative research methodology is more recognized and valued in diabetes behavioral research in recent years. This paper reviews the trend of qualitative research about diabetes in Korea and abroad. In Korea, qualitative research is not common, especially for diabetes patients. Qualitative methods help clinicians answer questions that quantitative research may not be able to answer, such as exploring patient motivations, perceptions, and expectations. After reviewing the research in this area, it may provide motivation to researchers in Korea to perform qualitative research to increase understanding of diabetic patients' behavioral patterns.
Behavioral Research ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Korea ; Motivation ; Qualitative Research

In this paper, experiments were designed for inducing neutral, terrified, excited, annoying emotions, and also low, middle, high, three levels of tension emotions of stress state, respectively. Based on the multi physiological signals generated by the subjects in emotions, such as heart rate and respiration rate and so on, we extracted features from these data which had been eliminated the baseline. Then the Particle Swarm Optimization method was adopted to optimize the features selection from the features of multi physiological signals, and combined with k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm, different emotions and varying degree tensions were classified. The result shows that the classification accuracy of the kNN method with SPO and baseline eliminated is better than the traditional kNN method.
Algorithms ; Behavioral Research ; instrumentation ; methods ; Emotions ; Humans ; Stress, Psychological

Qualitative research methodology has become more recognized and valued in diabetes behavioral research in recent years. Qualitative research is very rare in Korea, especially for diabetes; on the other hand, qualitative research is increasing abroad. This paper reviews qualitative research on the life experiences of diabetes patients in Korea. Drawing on advanced research, it is helpful to know the essence of such experiences and the exact phenomena diabetes patients face as revealed in their own voices. Also, understanding of and interest in the subjective experiences of diabetes patients will inform the development of new intervention methods.
Behavioral Research ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Change Events* ; Qualitative Research* ; Voice

Behavioral Research ; trends ; Child ; Child Abuse ; psychology ; China ; Crime Victims ; psychology ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study systematically reviewed research on behavioral interventions based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model to investigate specific intervention strategies that focus on information, motivation, and behavioral skills and to evaluate their effectiveness for people with chronic diseases. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of both the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency and Im and Chang. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials that tested behavioral interventions based on the IMB model for promoting health behaviors among people with chronic diseases were included. Four investigators independently reviewed the studies and assessed the quality of each study. A narrative synthesis was used. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies were included in the review.Nine studies investigated patients with HIV/AIDS. The most frequently used intervention strategies were instructional pamphlets for the information construct, motivational interviewing techniques for the motivation construct, and instruction or role playing for the behavioral skills construct. Ten studies reported significant behavior changes at the first post-intervention assessment. CONCLUSION: This review indicates the potential strength of the IMB model as a theoretical framework to develop behavioral interventions. The specific integration strategies delineated for each construct of the model can be utilized to design model-based interventions.
Behavioral Research ; Chronic Disease ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Motivation ; Motivational Interviewing ; Pamphlets ; Research Personnel ; Role Playing

AIMMental health professionals can contribute to generating a strong evidence base for policy and practice in psychiatry. An insight into their perception of psychiatric research is important for planning support strategies. This study explored healthcare professionals' perceptions of barriers, benefits and concerns about psychiatric research in a Singapore psychiatric hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODSSelf-administered questionnaire was employed to collect socio-demographic data and opinions on research. Likert scale was used for the responses and descriptive statistics and ordinal regression were used for data analysing.

RESULTS93.8% respondents perceived "contribution to medical knowledge/public health" to be a major benefit of conducting research. 86.7% respondents felt that "learning experience" was important. "Prestige/publication" (52.7%) and "financial gain" (76%) were perceived to be unimportant. "Clinical load of patients", "lack of skilled personnel to assist in research" and "insufficient funding" were identified as important barriers by 72.4%, 70.6% and 68.9% respondents. "Time constraints", "patient and family readiness to research participation", "insufficient training" and "concerns about patient welfare" are major concerns while conducting research.

CONCLUSIONTo the study team's best knowledge, this is the only study of mental health professionals' perceptions on psychiatric research. It is useful for strategising research planning and enhancing the research culture in the hospital.

Adult ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Behavioral Medicine ; Behavioral Research ; Cohort Studies ; Data Collection ; Female ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Personnel, Hospital ; Singapore ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Smoking is the leading cause of death and smoking initiation rarely occurs after adolescence. Thus research on adolescent smoking is crucial. A consistent definition of smoking is important because inconsistent definitions make comparisons across studies an arduous task. Thus, the aim of the study was to suggest future research directions for smoking definitions after examining pitfalls in the literature. METHODS: In this study the literature on adolescent smoking in the U.S. and South Korea was examined, and three types of smoking definitions were identified. Limitations in the studies are identified and future research directions are suggested. RESULTS: In the U.S. literature, smoking definitions can be categorized into three groups: definitions based on stage models, smoking trajectories, and definitions derived from specific data. In the South Korean literature, various levels of smoking have not been differentiated. CONCLUSIONS: While the literature does not provide a definitive answer regarding the definition of smoking, it suggests three issues to consider for future research. First, multiple measures of smoking are more desirable than a one-time measure. Second, theory- or trajectory-based smoking definitions are more desirable than definitions derived from available data. Finally, regularity and amount of cigarette use should be incorporated in defining smoking behavior.
Adolescent ; *Adolescent Behavior ; Behavioral Research ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Korea ; Models, Psychological ; Motivation ; Smoking/*prevention & control/*psychology ; *Terminology as Topic ; United States

OBJECTIVE: To measure the intra- and inter-rater reliability of a simple sensorimotor performance test for rats, and to evaluate the learning efficiency of a novice rater for the test. METHOD: Middle cerebral arteries were occluded by intraluminal sutures in 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats (10~12 weeks old). The sensorimotor performance test was performed by a novice and an experienced rater, with each rater performing the test twice each week for 3 consecutive weeks. A ten-minute standardized video about the rating method was shown to the novice rater after the second test each week. RESULTS: The intra- and inter-rater agreement was determined using Cohen's weighted kappa coefficient. The intra-rater reliability was initially poor for the novice (κ [95% confidence interval], 0.31[-0.02, 0.64]), but it improved significantly after 3-week self education using the standardized video (0.81 [0.69, 0.93], showing almost perfect agreement. The reliability of the experienced researcher was good at all times (κ = 0.64, 0.76, 0.71, for week 1, 2, 3, respectively), indicating substantial agreement. The inter-rater reliability showed clear improvement after self-education (κ = 0.44, 0.69, 0.69, for week 1, 2, 3, respectively). Although the total sum score was highly reliable, some of the individual items showed lower intra-and inter-rater agreement. However, each rater showed greater within-rater variability for different subtests. CONCLUSION: The simple sensorimotor performance test showed high degree of intra- and inter-rater agreement when performed by experienced or properly educated raters. The inaccuracy of the novice was rectified by 3-week self-education using a video.
Animals ; Behavioral Research ; Education ; Humans ; Learning Curve* ; Learning* ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Motor Activity ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sutures