With the increase in the elderly population, the number of elderly diabetics is also increasing rapidly. To educate older people with diabetes, we need to understand their characteristics and those of their main caregiver, establish careful and individualized treatment goals, and provide concrete and practical education. Diabetes educators should provide comprehensive geriatric assessment, personalized diabetes education through psychosocial assessment, practical guidance, family education, self-management skills for elderly diabetic patients and caregivers. Diabetes educators should keep in mind to consider elderly diabetic patients can support family or social resources to continue self-management.
Aged ; Caregivers ; Education ; Geriatric Assessment ; Humans ; Self Care

Low-income diabetes patients suffer from not only the depression of poverty, but also the psychological burden of diabetes. Such patients rarely receive family or social support regarding diabetes selfmanagement. In addition, the cost of diabetes management is gradually increasing based on the associated complications. For such reasons, low-income diabetes patients have a higher death rate compared to general patients. To improve the survival of such patients, it is important to understand their physical, psycho-social, and economic states and to provide individualized social welfare information related to self-management. The most important factors in increased survival are an environment that allows active self-management and provision of community resources that help foster independent life.
Depression ; Humans ; Mortality ; Poverty ; Self Care ; Social Welfare*

Qualitative research methodology has become more recognized and valued in diabetes behavioral research in recent years. Qualitative research is very rare in Korea, especially for diabetes; on the other hand, qualitative research is increasing abroad. This paper reviews qualitative research on the life experiences of diabetes patients in Korea. Drawing on advanced research, it is helpful to know the essence of such experiences and the exact phenomena diabetes patients face as revealed in their own voices. Also, understanding of and interest in the subjective experiences of diabetes patients will inform the development of new intervention methods.
Behavioral Research ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Change Events* ; Qualitative Research* ; Voice

Patients with diabetes who experience a stroke can face sudden physical and mental changes after the stroke occurs. Also, these changes not only aggravate from the family feeling of responsibility for care burden to patient, but also affect the patient's blood sugar control. The social welfare approach to this disease-related issue, psychosocial issue, economic issue and rehabilitation issue is for the diabetic patient with stroke to improve their self management ability, and to ultimately lead to integrated health management and a healthy life.
Blood Glucose ; Humans ; Self Care ; Social Welfare ; Stroke

Diabetic patients must exert continuous self-management in areas such as diet, exercise, and medications to control blood sugar. However, such habits are greatly influenced by lifestyle; socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions; as well as individual will. In vulnerable groups, the prevalence of diabetes is higher than in non-vulnerable groups, and difficulties in diabetes management are more common. Health is impacted by age; gender; genetics; lifestyle; social and community networks; living and working conditions; and socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions. Among these various factors, five ‘social determinants of health’ highly affect the health management of diabetic patients: socioeconomic status, physical environment (housing environment, transportation), food insecurity, family and social support, and health literacy. It is important address these social determinants of health, starting with identification of individualized social needs of patients. Efforts should be made to improve quality of life through use of community resources and to further contribute to alleviating health inequality.

Deep electrical burn on the hand and forearm causes ischemic tissue damage due to increased compartment pressure by tight eschars. Early detection of ischemia and prompt release of eschars are necessary for prevention of ischemic tissue damage. Early escharotomy is a useful decompressive therapy for prevention of ischemia of the distal upper extremity.

Background: According to the Diabetes Fact Sheet published by the Korean Diabetes Association, as of 2020, one in six adults (16.7%) over the age of 30 were diagnosed with diabetes. In this rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes in Korea, the severity of diabetes to raise awareness of the importance of awareness, early detection, and active management. A public diabetes awareness survey was conducted in 2022 and 2023, and the survey contents by year were compared and presented. Methods: This survey was a structured online questionnaire conducted in October 2023, targeting a total of 1,000 adult men and women aged 20 or older nationwide through population proportional allocation according to age, sex, and residential area. Results: The survey results indicated that 91.4% of respondents perceive diabetes as a serious disease, and 68.3% of those without a diabetes diagnosis have expressed concerns about diabetes or hyperglycemia. However, awareness of ‘prediabetes’ and ‘glycated hemoglobin’ was only 61.3% and 38.1%, respectively. On the other hand, only one-third of the respondents reported maintaining an appropriate weight and waist circumference, eating regular meals, and engaging in regular exercise. While awareness and perceived necessity of insulin injections were high, the willingness to undergo injection therapy was only about 50%, indicating a need to provide information on the benefits of insulin therapy and its positive impact on quality of life. Conclusion Therefore, raising awareness about the severity of diabetes, along with education and intervention, is necessary to facilitate early detection and proactive management of diabetes.

A brain abscess recurred after complete removal of encapsulated mass on the quite same spot three months later. 23-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of headache and vomiting for 3 months. On admission, she was mentally alert but the bilateral optic discs were markedly blurred. Left carotid angiogram and Conray ventriculogram suggested a large space-occupying lesion. At the time of operation, a large mass was removed with slightest occipital damage to the brain. On selection of the extirpated mass, thick purulent liquid came out. After operation, her neurological deficits were markedly improved except the equivocal hemiparesthesia of the right extremity. Postoperative course was quite uneventful and she was discharged. After 3 months postoperatively, she was re-admitted with recurrence of the trouble. She was comatose at this time. Pupillary light reflex was abolished. Pathologic reflexes were positive. The angiography and brain scan revealed recurrence of abscess on the just same area. Puncture for aspiration was immediately performed. Purulent materials were drained about 40ml. After abscess cavity was irrigated with physiologic saline solution, instillation of penicillin and micropaque was done within cavity. After several repeated puncture and aspiration her conditions were dramatically improved. Again, she became almost asymptomatic and was discharged days later her second admission. The results are as following ; 1. Primary focus of bacterial spreading to the brain was not found on both occasions. 2. Pathogenesis of both occasions was not clear. 3. At time of first operation, evidence of local inflammation was not found. 4. Local process and other induration was not found. These were confirmed with the operation and brain scanning. 5. Recurred brain abscess was newly developed. It seems to be hematogenous spreading in anywhere else.
Abscess ; Angiography ; Brain Abscess* ; Brain* ; Coma ; Extremities ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Penicillins ; Punctures ; Recurrence ; Reflex ; Sodium Chloride ; Vomiting ; Young Adult

It is the fact that parenteral antobiotics have no place in the treatment of the discitis after postoperative state because the antobiotics can not reach the focus of infection on account of the avascular zone of the intervetebral space. The author treats more extensive discitis to place an indwelling rubber catheter into the cavity to a contunuous irrigation with normal saline solution containing antobiotics. The catheter is left are as following ; 1. It is to effect the continuous direct administration of the antobiotics. 2. It is a mechnical effect by flushing out necrotic particles. 3. It is less recurrent infection. 4. The method is very simple, inexpensive. 5. The treated period is very short in contrast with immobilization and systemic antibacterial administration.
Catheters ; Catheters, Indwelling* ; Discitis ; Flushing ; Immobilization ; Rubber ; Sodium Chloride

There is a current tendency to believe that malignant melanoma originate from epidermal melanocyte rather than from pigmented cell of the upper dermis. Approximately 15% of all malignant melanoma in the body occur in head and neck regions. The majority of the patients were in the sixth & seventh decade. A case of malignant melanoma in the occipital region in a 2-year-old girl is reported. Physical and X-ray studies showed a large brownish pigmented mass with ulcerated surface and small bony defect in the occipital region.
Child, Preschool ; Dermis ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Melanocytes ; Melanoma* ; Neck ; Ulcer