While lipomas are common in the rest of the body, intracranial lipomas are rare condition which are usually found in the midline of the brain. The majority of these lesions show few or even no symptoms and hardly ever produce alarming neurological defects. We experienced a case of corpus callosum lipoma in a 7 year old boy, who has had headache and loss of consciousness twice. He was diagnosed by skull x-rays and brain CT. We made a brief review of literatures. @PG 428.
Brain ; Child ; Corpus Callosum ; Headache ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Male ; Skull ; Unconsciousness

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Osmolar Concentration* ; Specific Gravity*

To evaluate in vitro anti-HIV efficacies of nucleoside derivatives, MT-4 cell line was infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 respectively and treated with various compounds and the formerly approved drugs such as AZT, d4T, ddC and ddI. CPE method was used to evaluate their antiviral activity Most dideoxynucleosides, AZT, d4T, ddC and ddI, showed anti-HIV activities against both viruses but no other compounds including anti-herpesvirus drugs did any. Further experiments were carried out to study their inhibitory mechanism of viral adsorption. The results showed no inhibition of syncytium formation due to an interaction between the gp120 expressed in HIV-infected cell surface and CD4 receptor on the uninfected cell surface in the presence of AZT. AZT showed no activity up to 100 microgram/ml. Inhibition of reverse transcriptase (RT) in the presence of AZT-triphosphate was tested by using RT expressed in E. coli and purified and its IC50 was 4.5 nM.
Adsorption ; Cell Line ; Dideoxynucleosides ; Giant Cells ; HIV-1 ; HIV-2 ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Stavudine

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to investigate the degree of recognition, acceptability, and attitude towards day surgery of patients who were hospitalized with diseases that were candidates for day surgery; in order to analyze the average length of stay for treatment of the ailments; and to analyze the percentage of patients who could be discharged on the same day after the surgery using the post-anesthesia discharge scoring system. METHODS: Data was collected between February 1 and March 31, 1999 from 353 patients who received surgery for cataract, adenoid hypertrophy, inguinal hernia, strabismus, ptosis, cholelithiasis, hemorrhoid, or anal fistula, at a general hospital in Daegu city. The patients were interviewed and surveyed by a post-anesthesia discharge scoring system(PADS) in order to collect data on patient condition such as vital signs, activity and mental status, pain, nausea and vomiting, surgical bleeding, intake and output after the surgery. RESULTS: Among the 353 patients, 52.7% were awar of the day surgery and 52.1% were interested in day surgery. Of the respondents, 43.1% said 'my ailment was not serious and the surgery was simple' and 30.4% said 'according to my condition rest at home was desirable' as the reasons for wanting day surgery Alternatively, 56.5% of those declining day surgery said the 'uncertainty of staying home' was the reason. The greatest concern in discharging within 24 hours after surgery was a post-op emergency situation. On the other hand, the shortened hospitalization was the largest advantage of day surgery with 39.1% responding this way, followed by the savings in hospitalization costs (25.8%) and emotional stability (13.7%). The majority of those surveyed (47.6%) believed that discharge should be determined within 1-2 days after the surgery. The average hospital stay was 3.1 days for dischargeable ailments. Pain (45.6%), nausea and vomiting (10.5%), and headache (7.9%) were the common symptoms following surgery. The percentage of patients who were able to be discharged within 24 hours after surgery revealed 95.2% were dischargeable after approximately 3 hours, 99.2% dischargeable after 12 hours, and 100% dischargeable atter 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: According to the PADS score, the cataract extract and strabismus correction patients were eligible for day surgery and the further evaluation concerning the reason for delayed recovery of the other diseases is needed.
Adenoids ; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures* ; Cataract ; Cholelithiasis ; Daegu ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Emergencies ; Hand ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhoids ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Income ; Length of Stay ; Nausea ; Rectal Fistula ; Strabismus ; Vital Signs ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVE: To find out general characteristics, common problems, outcomes of delivery of unmarried mothers and related social factors, and to provide basic information based on the results in order to change social systems and to have a correct understanding of unmarried mothers. METHODS: We studied 196 unmarried mothers who delivered from Jan. 2003 to Aug. 2004. All data were collected by survey whose groups were divided into three by ages, and they were analyzed by Fisher's exact test obstetrically and socially. It verified 95% significant level. RESULTS: Cesarean section rate was 14.3% which is remarkably lower than married mothers. However, it is getting higher (p=0.003) as they are older, and the rate of group of 30s is similar to that of married mothers. Also, the average birth weight of unmarried mothers' babies is 3,056 gm and it is similar to that of married mothers. They took prenatal care only 3.27 times and 22% of them did not commence it until the 3rd trimester. Fifty seven percent drank alcohols, 51% smoked, and 49% used drugs during pregnancy. Most unmarried mothers who took this survey had a lower level and economic status. After delivery, 16.3% of them raise their babies and 83.7% of them had their babies adopted through welfare facilities. CONCLUSION: We conclude that it is necessary to have a social system, welfare facilities, and financial supports that educate contraceptive measures to potential unmarried mothers, let them recognize their situations, and protect them.
Alcohols ; Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Financial Support ; Humans ; Illegitimacy* ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Mothers ; Pregnancy* ; Prenatal Care ; Single Person* ; Smoke ; Social Welfare*

Neural crest cells have embriologically important role for the development and growth in oral and maxillofacial region. If the early hereditary defect occurs or environmental factors affect these cells diminutive mesenchymal cells are disabled to make neural plate and decreased proliferation of mesenchymal cells result in hypoplastic development of neural crest. As a result, this brings about severe facial malformations such as various located facial clefts and/or loss or duplication of facial structure. These are two cases of accessory maxilla and zygomatic deformity with and without facial cleft.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Growth and Development ; Maxilla* ; Neural Crest ; Neural Plate

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and the development of atherosclerosis, consensus is still lacking on the status of cardiovascular function and geometry in MetS patients. We investigated the relation between MetS and left ventricle (LV) geometry and function, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and arterial stiffness in a community-based cohort of 702 adult subjects. Subjects were categorized into three groups according to the number of MetS components present, as defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines: 1) Absent (0 criteria), 2) Pre-MetS (1-2 criteria) or 3) MetS (> or =3 criteria). In female subjects, LV mass, LV mass/height(2.7), deceleration time, and aortic pulse wave velocity increased, and E/A ration decreased in a stepwise manner across the three groups. These changes were not observed in male subjects. The mean carotid IMT was higher in the MetS group than in the other two groups. The degree of MetS clustering is found to be strongly correlated with geometric eccentricity of LV hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and arterial changes irrespective of age and blood pressure status, particularly in females. Waist circumference is found to have the most powerful effect on cardiovascular parameters.
Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology/*physiopathology ; Cardiovascular System/pathology/*physiopathology ; Carotid Arteries/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Cohort Studies ; Female ; Heart Ventricles/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/complications/*physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; *Rural Population ; Ventricular Function, Left/physiology

BACKGROUND: Tongue cancer comprises 10% of all head and neck cancer, and in spite of progress of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures in oncology, the prognosis of tongue cancer remains poor because of rich lymphatics of the tongue and high propensity of early subclinical lymph node metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen cases of tongue cancer specimens were sectioned serially and reviewed to investigate the correlations between macroscopic surface extension diameter and microscopic depth of invasion. And correlations between surface extension, muscular invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis of tongue cancer were studied. Furthermore, safety margin for glossectomy was also studied. RESULTS: The obtained results were as follows: 1) The macroscopic diameter of surface extension and microscopic depth of invasion of tongue cancer were correlated to each other (especially when the macroscopic diameter of surface extension was below 20 mm).2) Surface extension and muscular invasion were correlated independently with cervical lymph node metastasis. However, the 95% confidence index using the Cornfield method was too broad in order to draw a correlation among these three factors. 3) The safety margin was between 2.3mm and 13.5 mm. CONCLUSION: Macroscopic surface extension of tongue cancer serves as a valuable prognostic factor in predicting the depth of muscular invasion. Therefore, the safety resection depth can be estimated by the surface extension. In 12 cases of muscular invasions, relatively high prevalence of cervical lymph node metastasis were found, when compared to that of non-muscular invasive cancer. Therefore, muscular invasion itself is a very useful prognostic factor. But it is difficult to confirm the correlation between muscular invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis because of too broad CI.
Glossectomy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prevalence ; Prognosis* ; Tongue Neoplasms* ; Tongue*

Paraduodenal hernias are rare congenital malrotational anomalies of midgut that arise in the potential spaces and folds of the posterior parietal peritoneum adjacent to the ligament of Treitz and can lead to intestinal obstruction. Also, they have shown several presentation patterns, such as asymptomatic, chronic intermittent abdominal pain, and acute severe abdominal pain. If symptomatic hernias with strangulation are untreated, according to the previous reports, they lead to overall mortality exceeding 50%. We report a case of the left paraduodenal hernia combined with small bowel obstruction from the patient who had no history of surgery before and developed abdominal pain after drinking of alcohol heavily. Abdominal CT scan showed sac-like mass of clustered in the left upper quadrant. The patient underwent the surgery of the bowel reduction and adhesiolysis and got uneventful recovery.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Duodenal Diseases/complications/*diagnosis/pathology ; Hernia/complications/*diagnosis/pathology ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction/complications/*diagnosis/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) offers prognostic information beyond that provided by the evaluation of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. However, the validation of electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria for the diagnosis of LVH is limited in Korea general population. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ECG criteria for the detection of LVH in general population. METHODS: In the present study, we investigated a total of 1,946 adults from the community-based cohort. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was estimated with echocardiographic measurement and adjusted with body surface area. LVH was defined as a value greater than or equal to the sex-specific 90th percentile value of LVMI. ECG criteria for the diagnosis of LVH were Sokolow-Lyon criteria and Cornell criteria. RESULTS: The LVMI was significantly higher in male subjects (91.1 +/- 23.9 g/m2 vs. 83.9 +/- 21.7 g/m2, p < 0.001). The cutoff values were 120.8 g/m2 in male subjects and 112.2 g/m2 in female subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of Sokolow-Lyon criteria were 5.6% and 93.6% in male, 4.1% and 97.8% in female. Those of Cornell criteria were 2.8% and 98.7% in male, 14.3% and 95.8% in female. In male, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of Sokolow-Lyon voltage and Cornell voltage were 0.55 and 0.52. And those in female were 0.59 and 0.60. CONCLUSIONS: In our community-based sample, ECG criteria showed low sensitivity and high specificity. The performance of ECG criteria for detection of LVH was suboptimal, suggesting limited usefulness of ECG as mass screening tools.
Adult ; Body Surface Area ; Cohort Studies* ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Risk Factors ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity