Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the stems of Zhuang Medicine Alsophila spinulosa. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, polyamide, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Results: Sixteen compounds were isolated from the 50% and 95% ethanol extracts and identified as 30-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-dryocrassol (1), pimaric acid (2), 9α-hydroxy-1β-methoxycaryolanol (3), 6β-hydroxy-24-ethyl-cholest-4-en-3-one (4), 1-O-hexadecanolenin (5), clovandiol (6), decumbic acid (7), n-tetracosane (8), 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-p-coumaric acid (9), (E)-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl caffeic acid (10), cyathenosin A (11), protocatechualdehyde (12), protocatechuic acid (13), stigmastane-3, 6-dione (14), β-sitosterol (15), and daucosterol (16). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound named alspineoside A, and compounds 2-11 are isolated from the stems of A. spinulosa for the first time.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Gynostema pentaphyllum. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, polyamide, and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results: Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as dodecanoic acid (1), β-sitosterol (2), 3, 3', 5-trihydroxy-4', 7-dimethoxyflavanone (3), 1-2-benzenediol (4), 3'-O-methyltaxifolin (5), quercetin (6), rhamnetin (7), α-spinasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), 3, 4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (9), narcissoside (10), L-rhamnosemono-hydrate (11), malonic acid (12), β-ethoxy-rutinoside (13), rutin (14), ombuoside (15), ginsenoside Rb1 (16), and β-daucosterol (17). Conclusion: Compound 1, 3-5, 7, 9, 10, and 12 are obtained from G. pentaphyllum for the first time.

In this paper,the teaching in medical microbiology experiment to the first group of foreign students in our college is analyzed and summarized,which will give us many experiences for later teachering.

Acute Disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Myocarditis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; methods ; Virus Diseases ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging

Objective: To study chemical constituents of Argyreia acuta. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, macroporous resin adsorption, MCI GEL CHP 20P, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and preparative liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results: Ten compounds were isolated and identified as ethyl caffeate (1), hispidulin (2), quercetin (3), scopolin (4), paprazine (5), mannitol (6), hesperetin (7), ipalbidinium-4’-O-β-D-(6-O-trans-coumaroyl)-glucoside (8), nepitrin (9), and homoplantaginin (10). Conclusion: Compound 8 is a new compound named argyreiacutine, and compounds 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, and 10 are isolated from A. acuta for the first time.

Objective To evaluate the disinfection effect of alginate impressions using three- step flushing approach with alkaline electrolyzed- oxidizing water (AEOW), neutral water, acidic electrolyzed-reductive water (AERW) in sequence, and therefore explore a convenient, safe and efficient approach for disinfection of impressions. Methods 60 pairs of alginate impressions of left maxillary dentition and right maxillary dentition were taken from 60 patients set the left ones and the right ones into the experimental group and the control group randomly. For the experimental group, the impressions were flushed with AEOW, neutral water and AERW in sequence, for the control group, the impressions were flushed with water. Then the disinfection effect of the two groups at different flushing time was compared. Results The number of bacterial on the alginate impressions was reduced in both groups at 3, 6 and 9 minutes. The number of bacterial of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group at the same time point, the differences were statistically significant,Z values were -6.160, -6.159, -5.920 respectively, P<0.01. The disinfection effect of the three- step flushing approach was 80.29%, 92.91%, 97.98% at 3, 6 and 9 minutes respectively. The killing rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at the same time,the differences were statistically significant, χ2 values were 13.51, 12.11, 8.31 respectively, P<0.01. Conclusions The disinfection effect of the three - step flushing approach for 6 minutes can reach a satisfactory level. Hence, the three- step flushing approach is a convenient, safe, and efficient approach for disinfection of impressions.

Objective To detect the serum growth hormone(GH),insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-Ⅰ),insulin-like growth factor binging protein-3(IGFBP-3) levels in children with hypothyroidism and explore the change regulation of GH-IGF axis and thyroxine.Methods Fifty-six hypothyroidism children were divided into congonital hypothyroidism(CH)(14 cases) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis(32 cases).Serum GH,IGF-Ⅰ,IGFBP-3 levels of 56 hypothyroidism children before and after luothyroxine sodium L-T4 treatment and 50 normal children were detected with radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods.Results Serum IGF-I,IGFBP-3 levels in 9 CH newborn group were lower,and they were normal after thyroxine substitute therapy.But those of 5 children with CH and 32 cases with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were not significantly changed.Conclusions The GH-IGF axis is inordinate in the CH children,which is an important reason of stature short.Early thyroxine substitute therapy is very helpful to maintain normal growth and development of children with CH.

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Jinan, Shandong Province, and to analyze epidemic trend and its cause. Methods Epidemic data of human brucellosis from 2004 to 2007 in Jinan were collected from National Disease Supervision Information Management System. The rose bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT) and standard tube agglutination test(SAT) were employed to detect brucellosis in the serum samples of high-risk exposure groups involved in livestock transaction, slaughter and raising where brucellosis had been outbreak in the last three years, and epidemiological survey was conducted on the confirmed patients in 2007. Results A total of 32 brucellosis cases occurred in 2004-2007 in Jinan, among which 15 cases in 2007, 3.75 times(15/4) of those in 2004. One hundred and seventy-eight blood samples were collected from high risk population, and positive detective rate was 11.24%(20/178). Most of the patients were found in Zhangqiu and in the months from March to September, accounting for 93.33% (14/15). Farmers accounted for 93.33% (14/15) in all cases. Sixty-six point six seven percent(10/15) of the patients were over 50 years old. Male to female was 2.75: 1(11: 4) in ratio. There was a tendency of family aggregation. Two or three cases occurred in each of 3 families. All cases had a contact history with cattle and sheep, and the diagnosis were confirmed between 17-529 days(median being 70 days), in which 86.67%(13/15) of the cases were confirmed by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Conclusions Brucellosis epidemic of Jinan is in an upward trend. Zhangqiu is the main epidemic region. Spring and summer are the prevailing periods, most of the patients are old male farmers were the majority of the patients. It is believed that the epidemic is primarily due to potential infection sources, incompetent quarantine of imported livestock and poor awareness of self-protection among high-risk occupational groups.

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Jinan city and to identify its cause in order to provide evidence for development of specific preventive strategies in the future.Methods Epidemic information of the disease and survey data of brucellosis cases from 2002 to 2008 in the Infectious and Endemic Disease Control Jinan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed statistically.Results From 2002 to 2008, 52 cases were diagnosed as brucellosis, among which 39 cases from Zhangqiu city.The incidence rate ranged from 0.02 to 0.10 hundred thousandth from 2002 to 2006, and 0.25 and 0.26 hundred thousandth in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The disease was found each mouth throughout the year, marked with summer peak[38.46%(20/52)]. Patients increased year after year in summer and spring seasons(r = 0.92, P ＜ 0.01) .The disease was most commonly found in 30 - 59 age group[69.23%(36/52)];men women incidence ratio was 1.67: 1.00;farmers accounting for 94.23%(49/52). There were 5 clusters of family outbreak brucellosis, involving 12 cases. Forty five patients contacted with sheep, accounting for 86.54% (45/52). Conclusions Brucellosis epidemic in Jinan is in an upward trend, mainly in summer and spring, elderly and middle-aged men farmers are the majority of patients. Zhangqiu of Jinan city is a key place for prevention and control of brucellosis;source of infection is not completely eliminated, exotic livestock have not been effectively quarantined, practitioners with weak sense of self-protection is the main reason of the epidemic rise.

The influence of medium variety、thermal treatment of the soil samples and inhibitor to the isolation effect of actinomycetes was studied by plate paint isolation methods.The results showed that: ①The isolation results of gauze No.1(GA) and straw decay substance agar(SDSA) might reflect basic station of soil actinomycetes. ②Thermal treatment (120℃?1.0h)in soils might promote actinomycetes spore sprouting and increase the quantity and variety of actinomycetes. The quantity and varieties of actinomycetes in the Soils that were treated with 120℃?1.0h were increased by 5.5%～54.9% and 12.5%～100% than the check of none-thermal treatment respectively. But thermal treatment had no effect on reduce the quantity of bacteria. ③The quantity of bacteria had significant reduction by adding 75?g/mL K 2Cr 2O 7 and 1～3?g/mL penicillin at same time to the isolation medium, and had little effect on the quantity and varieties of actinomycetes. Actinomycetes quantity (?10 6cfu/g) and variety of the treating of 75?g/mL K 2Cr 2O 7 and 1～3?g/mL penicillin in No.1 soil on SDSA medium had reductions by 0～58.8% and 0～18.2% compared with treating of 75?g/mL K 2Cr 2O 7, respectively. ④streptomycin might not been used for bacterteria inhabitor in the isolation of actinomycetes.