A study on 112 patients with acute experienced endotracheal intubations in lariboisiere hospital, France of which 67 patients received tracheoscopy within 24 hours after removal of intubation has shown that the major causes of intoxication were due to benzodiazepine, alcohol and psychotic agents and multidrugs (67%). The lesions in ear, nose and throat was common complication in-patients with acute intoxication, mainly edema, swollen, ulceration. These lesions related closely with the duration of intubation and duration of treatment. There was no relation between complication and causes of intoxication.
Poisoning ; Intubation, Intratracheal

A retrospective study on 63 patients (male: 14, ages of 11-40) suffered intoxication of rotunda in B¹ch Mai hospital from January to May 2002 has shown that the overdose of rotunda can cause the bradycardia, tachycardia, electrocardiogram changes such as negative T, ST change, especially disorder of depolarization, change of T wave, ST wave, ST wave QTc length in many days. The lowest dose caused side effects was 30 mg. The dose of 2400mg of rotunda causes death due to the apnea.
Poisoning

Bee-stings possibly caused severe complications such as anaphylaxis, acute renal failure and coagulation disorders potentially leading to death. However, the little attention has actually been paid to acute renal failure. Objectives: To assess the features of acute renal failure resulted from bee-stings and to describe pathohistorical injuries of affected kidneys. Method: prospective observational study, evaluation of pre- and post-treatment. Results: 70 patients with 1 to 270 stings from wasp, hornet, and yellow jacket were hospitalized in Poison Control Center of Bach Mai Hospital during two years 2002 and 2003. The number of stings in patients with acute renal failure ranged from 15 to 105 (mean: 50.5). The duration of anuria phase was from 4 to 45 days (mean: 14.7 days) Conclusions: Acute renal failures accounted for 21.4% (15/70 patients), and resulted from stings of wasp and hornet. Early forced diuresis therapy reduced the percentage patients need of hemodialysis. Pathohistological findings revealed the pattern of acute tubular necrosis.
Kidney Failure, Bees, Diagnosis

Anti P. aeruginosa immunoglobulin prepared from horses have proved to be effective as a supplement to the conventional methods for early treatment of P. aeruginosa infection on animal. The results showed that anti P. aeruginosa immunoglobulin have protective value: P. aeruginosa number on surface of burn wounds decreased on 3rd day after treatment; protective effect manifested in mice infected intraperitoneally with P. aeruginosa with the doses from 2LD50 to 4LD50. The results in vivo on animal showed that anti P. aeruginosa immunoglobulin should be applicated in clinical trial to demonstrate its efficiency as a part of complete treatment of burn patients, with purulent sepsis complication
Immunoglobulins ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Horses ; animals

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major public health problem. Objective: To find the causes and the treatment results for acute exacerbation of COPD at Department of Respiratory of Bach Mai Hospital. Subjects and method: A study conducted in 87 patients treated by an acute exacerbation of COPD at Department of Respiratory of Bach Mai Hospital from March to August 2005. Results and conclusions: 88.5% of patients were men. Severe patients were most common in age over 55 years. The risk factor was smoking (over 66.7%). 47.8% of patients were in III stage and 37.7% were in IV stage. The cause of acute exacerbation of COPD was bronchial surinfection (83.9%); and 37.9% of them refused an antibiotic or bronchodilatators at home when they had severe symptoms of exacerbation. Most of them did not have enough condition in their homes for treatment (oxygen, aerosol machine). After 20 days (16.69 \xb1 8.7 days) treated by antibiotics, bronchodilatators, corticoid and oxygen, 90.8% of our patients were at good health. 2 of them were died by severe disease.
Pulmonary Disease ; Chronic Obstructive/ therapy

Background: Sa Pa is one of the mountain communes with a temperate climate that is appropriate for the growing of traditional medicinal herbs. Objectives: To investigate the experiences of using traditional remedies of the H\u2019mong ethnic minority in Sa Pa commune, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province. Subjects and method: The cross-sectional study had enrolled 28 traditional herbal practitioners, 23 commune officers and 289 family\u2019s representatives who had experiences in traditional herb usage. Results: 72 traditional remedies were collected. In which, 58.33% of remedies had 1 medicinal component, 13.89% of remedies had 2 medicinal components. 158 common herbal medicines used for primary health care were collected. In which, the herbs belonged to Asteraceae family accounted for the highest rate: 11 species (7.4%); followed by the Lamiaceae family: 8 species (5.4%); Rosaceae, Zingilbeaceae and Convallariaceae family: 5 species (3.4%); then the Acanthaceae, Araceae, Poaceae and Ranunculaceae family: 4 species (2.7%). Decoction was the most recurrent use (68.99%), followed by poultice on the skin (10.13%), ingesting the herbs (7.6%) and others (<10%). Conclusion: The traditional medicinal herbs of the H\u2019mong ethnic minority at Sa Pa commune, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province were multiform and were used in different ways.
traditional medicinal herbs ; H\u2019mong ethnic minority

Background: The communities and social organizations of many nations on the world participated actively in primary health care. According to World Health Organization, 80% of people in the developing countries have needs of primary health care by traditional medicines now. Thus investigation about systemic herbal medicines, remedies of compatriots of various Vietnamese ethnic origins in general, of H\u2019Mong peoples at Sa Pa commune, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province in particular, is necessary. Objective: To investigate the medicinal plants of the \u201dH\u2019Mong peoples\u201d used for primary health care at the Sa Pa commune, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province. Subjects: The study includes 28 traditional herbal doctors, 23 commune officers and 289 representatives of families. Method: This was a cross study. Results: The authors collected 158 herbal medicines used for primary health care. Among them, the Asteraceae there were 11 species (7.4%), the Lamiaceae there were 8 species (5.4%). The Rosaceae, Zingilbeaceae, Convallariaceae there were 5 species (3.4%). Herbal medicine groups had 4 species (2.7%) that included the Acanthaceae, Araceae, Poaceae and Ranunculaceae. The used components were all of tree (31.65%), tree root, tuberous root (25.32% and sheets (22.42%). Conclusion: The herbal medicines that the \u201dH\u2019Mong peoples\u201d used for primary health care at Sa Pa commune, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province had a valuable and plentiful source which needs to be develop and use effectively.
Traditional medicine ; herbal ; primary health care

Background: Fungal keratitis is a serious ocular infection that can cause corneal scarring and blindness. Currently, diagnosis of fungal pathogens remains a difficult problem. Objectives: To investigate the application of semi-nested PCR targeted ITS genes for detection of fungal agents causing keratitis. Material and method: Ten identified fungal strains, 4 bacterial strains, 20 scraping samples from patients with suspected fungal keratitis and 2 scraping samples from patients with suspected bacterial keratitis were tested using semi-nested PCR. Results: Semi-nested PCR showed positive results for the samples of identified fungal strains and for the 20 scraping samples from patients with suspected fungal keratitis. Neither samples of bacterial strains nor scraping samples from suspected bacterial keratitis patients gave positive PCR results. Conclusion: Semi-nested PCR is a robust tool for specific and rapid detection of fungal agents causing keratitis.
Fungal keratitis ; semi-nested PCR

Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis resists rifampicin (RIF) because of mutations in the rpoB (the p subunit of RNA polymerase) gene, mostly in the 81 bp region. \r\n', u'Objectives: Identify the frequency and characteristics relative to drug - resistant rpoB gene mutation in RIF - resistant M. tuberculosis strains. \r\n', u'Subjects and method: 40 M. tuberculosis strains including 11 RIF - sensitive strains and 29 RIF - resistant strains. Some bio molecular techniques were used such as extracting mycobacterial DNA, PCR, cloning, sequencing and analyzing mutation related RIF - resistance on rpoB gene. \r\n', u'Results: No mutation was found on the 81 bp region of rpoB gene of the RIF - sensitive M. tuberculosis strains. The rate of mutation on rpoB gene of 29 RIF - resistant M. tuberculosis strains is 96.6%. We found 12 mutation codon positions on the 81 bp region of the rpoB gene, and the mutation codon positions with high frequency were 531 (51.7%) and 526 (31%). The mutation position found in only one strain is codon 519 (3.4%) but not found in other reports. There are 15 types of drug resistant mutations in which TCG531 TCG is the most common with 50%. Multi - drug resistance was seen in mutable and none mutable cases, with all codon positions and mutable forms. \r\n', u'Conclusion: No mutation was found on the 81 bp region of the rpoB gene of RtF - sensitive M. tuberculosis strains. The rate of mutation on the rpoB gene of RIF - resistant M. tuberculosis strains is 96.6%. The new mutation position found is codon 519. The mutation on the rpoB gene does not determine the multi - drug resistance of M. tuberculosis. \r\n', u'
Mutation ; rpoB gene ; Rifampicin - resistant M. tuberculosis

Background: Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor of atherosclerosis. The endothelia can be injured by plaque that advantages for platelet adheadsion, aggregation and produces thrombosis. Objectives: (1) To evaluate the changes of platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen in hyperlipidemic patients; (2) To identify the relationship between platelet aggregation and various types of dyslipidemia. Subjects and methods: A descriptive cross sectional non-randomised control trial method was employed in this study. A total of 128 hyperlipidemic patients (in which 40 patients were type IIa, 36 were type lib, and 52 were type IV), and a control group of 88 people were measured the aggregation in platelet - rich plasma (PRP) induced by ADP and collagen. Results: There was no significant difference about the platelet counts in both intervention and control groups (p>0.05). ADP and collagen induced platelet aggregation increased significantly (p<0.01) in intervention group when compared to control group. A significant correlation was found between the plasma triglyceride concentration and platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen with r = 0,335 and 0,332 respectively, while that of cholesterol and ADP was 0,304. Conclusion: Platelet aggregation increased in hyperlipidemic patients and had a significant correlation with plasma triglyceride concentration. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Dyslipidemias/ pathology ; therapy ; Platelet Aggregation