Otosclerosis is a disease that involves the cochlea and it is developed when the structure ofconnecting tissue in the area of stapedius and the oval window has changed and become unmovable.Consequently, conductive hearing loss and therefore severe sensorineural hearing loss are caused.The causes of otosclerosis have not been discovered yet but many factors impact on this disease. Anyresearch works has not been done on otosclerosis in Mongolia until now and we have conducted theresearch in 2008-2013. Therefore, we aimed to identify the hearing condition after surgery treatmentof otosclerosis.41 patients /47 ears/ who were diagnosed of having otosclerosis with conductive hearing loss, nomiddle ear infection through the comprehensive ear and hearing examinations were selected in thisstudy which was done at EMJJ Clinics between 2007 and 2013. The hearing improvement after thesurgery has been tested under bone and air conduction frequency 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 Hzand the results before and after the surgery were statistically processed on Excel 2010 and SPSS 17.0software programs. Stapedotomia and Stapedoectomia surgery approaches were applied and afteropening of attics, the hearing bones are palpated and the diagnosis of stapes otosclerosis is confirmedby the surgeon, who removes the stapes. Then a titanium K-piston (prosthese or implant) is thenplaced into this opening and connected to the malleus, or the incus.Out of 41 patients (85.4% female) involved in the study and 36 people had one ear side otosclerosisand 5 people had both ear otosclerosis. After the surgery 25 patients did not have dizziness andvomiting symptoms and 14 patients did not have dizziness with movement after 12 hours, andfor 4 patients all symptoms were disappeared after 24 hours. As for the result from the hearingexamination after 21, 60 days of the surgery, bone conduction was normal, air conduction, andhearing for 32 patients improved completely, and after 120 days of the surgery, the hearing of 33patients improved completely, bone conduction became 2000 Hz at 4000 Hz frequency 12-15 dB,average of air conduction 15,4±10,1 dB, bone-air gap 10,4±3,1 dB for 5 people, and bone conduction2000 Hz-4000 Hz, at 8000 Hz frequency 20-40dB, air conduction became 25-45dB 10,4±5,1db for 9patients and all patients had no hearing loss except for 4 people who still had tinnitus.After surgery stapedotomia and stapedoectomia for the otosclerosis, the hearing improvement was95.2% and it has been concluded that there is full possibility to perform surgeries of stapedotomia andstapedoectomia for the otosclerosis in Mongolian situation.

Background: Otitis media is an inflammatory disease involving the mucous membrane of the middle ear, including the auditory tube, tympanic cavity, mastoid antrum, and air cells¹. Multiple factors contribute to the development of OM, one of which is adenoid hypertrophy5. However, to date, no study has been conducted in Mongolia to assess the relationship between the degree of adenoid hypertrophy and OM. Aim: To analyze cases of children who underwent adenotonsillectomy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a cross-sectional observational research design. Clinical data from a total of n=215 cases of children who were diagnosed with adenoid and palatine tonsil hypertrophy and underwent surgical treatment at Gurvan Gal Hospital between October 2023 and October 2024 were analyzed. Statistical processing was performed using STATA 14.2, with statistical significance considered at p < 0.05. Results: Clinical data from 215 children were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between the degree of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and otitis media. The children ranged in age from 2 to 17 years, with a mean age of 7.23 ± 3.4 years. Among them, 128 (59.53%) were male (7.09 ± 3.29 years) and 87 (40.46%) were female (7.45 ± 3.58 years). A statistically significant moderate negative correlation was found between age group and the degree of adenoid hypertrophy (rho = -0.3485, p < 0.001). A significant seasonal variation in otitis media was observed (p = 0.0001). A statistically significant correlation was found between the degree of adenoid hypertrophy and otitis media (p < 0.001). However, no significant correlation was observed between the degree of palatine tonsil hypertrophy and otitis media (p = 0.8762). Conclusion The incidence of adenoid hypertrophy is highest among children aged 6 to 9 years, and there is a moderate negative correlation between age and the degree of adenoid hypertrophy. The occurrence of otitis media varies by season, with the highest number of cases reported during the winter months. As the grade of adenoid hypertrophy increases, the number of otitis media cases also rises.

Background: A rare angioproliferative condition of the larynx, Kaposhi sarcoma typically affects the skin. Immunosuppressive treatment following organ transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus infection are the causes. Every type of Kaposi sarcoma has human herpesvirus-8. Laryngeal kaposi sarcoma is uncommon in immunocompromised patients; since its initial identification in 1965, 18 cases have been documented globally. A CO2 laser-assisted laryngeal microsurgery is performed through the mouth cavity to remove tumor when kaposi sarcoma of the larynx obstructs the airway. Case report: A 77-year-old woman complained of hoarseness, dry mouth, odynophagia, and dysphagia three months prior when she arrived at the Mongolian-Japan Hospital. Two years ago, she acquired hard, sensitive lumps that were palpable on her right arm, left ankle, and right thigh. At that time, she was diagnosed with Kaposiform hemangiodermatitis and treated at the National Center for Dermatology. HIV test results were negative. Immunohistochemistry: CD31 +/-, CD34 /+/. Using flexible nasopharyngeal endoscopy to get the diagnosis: There was a mass that was about 1.5–2–5 cm in diameter, bluish in color, smooth and movable, and spongy and vascular on the larynx, on the nasopharynx, behind the palatine tonsills, and supraglottic. Surgery: Through the use of Kleinsasser laryngoscopy and a 0-degree endoscope, pathological tissues were extracted under general anesthesia using a laryngeal microsurgical instrument and a laparoscopic bipolar coagulator. The tissues were then sent for histological evaluation, which revealed Kaposi sarcoma, sarcoma grade 1. Results of treatment Pain decreased and quality of life increased following surgery. Upon nasopharyngeal endoscopy, the vocal cord mobility was normal and the surgical incision was clean. Conclusion: Kaposi sarcoma is an extremely uncommon illness. A lower quality of life and further issues can be avoided with an early diagnosis and suitable therapy. It also needs to be continuously monitored because it is a potentially repeatable disease.