Introduction Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide. It can be prevented by identifying pre-cancer lesions at early stages using Pap smear screening and treating these lesions. Knowledge and attitude on cervical cancer and Pap smear tests are associated with actual participation in cervical cancer screening. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate cervical cancer and Pap smear knowledge and attitudes among Mongolian women. Materials and Methods A total of 671 women aged 30 to 60 years from urban and rural areas participated in the study. The multiple clusters sampling method was used. We examined the relations of socio-demographic characteristics with lack of knowledge and negative attitude towards Pap smear tests by using a multilogistic regression analysis. Result The response rate was 89% (671/750). 62% of the participants correctly answered less than 4 out of 8 questions about cervical cancer risk factors. Also 47,2% and 79,3% of the total number of the women had never heard of Pap Smear and HPV. Only 16,4% of the respondents have some knowledge about them. Almost all (93%) participants agreed that there is a defficiency of information about cancer and its screening.58% and 28% of respondents said that they would participate in Pap smear tests voluntarily and agree to vaccinate their daughters. Positive attitude on Pap smear tests was higher among women living in rural areas and those who have had a Pap smear test. Conclusions Cervical cancer and Pap smear knowledge and attitude among the women in Mongolia are low. Having higher education and higher income level did not ensure positive attitude to cervical cancer screening. Strategies for communicating accurate information about cervical cancer, prevention, and detection as well as risk and treatment of cervical cancer are needed.

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and 20%-80% of patients with PD will develop dementia over time. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) is a short cognitive screening tool for CI in PD patients. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) often fails to detect early cognitive decline.Objective: The aim of this study is to compare MMSE to MoCA scores in Mongolian patients with Parkinson’s disease.Methods: Clinical history of 47 patients with diagnosis of PD in according to clinical criteria of the UKBBPD has been enrolled. The patients were assessed using Hoehn and Yahr stage (HY), Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS III parts), MMSE and MoCA. Patients normal and with CI were classified using cut-off MMSE and MoCA scores 25 or below.Results: Total 47 patients: 21 male (44.7%) and 26 female (55.3%) patients were included. The mean age was 64.2±2.6 years, the mean HY stage was 2.4±0.3 and the mean disease duration was 5.5±1.2 years. The mean MoCA score was 25.7±3.1 (SD 4.3; range 13-30) with the following distribution for categories: normal in 42.6% (20 cases) and CI in 57.4% (27 cases) of patients and the mean MMSE score was 27.2±0.8 (SD 2,8; range 18-30) with the following distribution for categories: normal in 72,3% (34 cases) and CI in 27,6% (13 cases) of patients with PD. Patients with cognitive impairment had advanced HY stage (p<0.05) and greater motor deficiency on UPDRS III (p<0.05) than patients without cognitive impairment. In contrast, there were no significant differences in age, disease duration and onset of disease. Cognitive impairments on the MoCA were seen in numerous cognitive domains, including visuospatialand executive abilities (40.4%), attention (57.4%), abstraction (53.1%), memory (93.6%) and language (68.0%), naming and orientation (8.5%) and on the MMSE were seen in some cognitive domains, including attention (36%), memory (57%) and language (23%) and orientation (19%) respectively.Conclusion:• 57.4% and 27,6% of the patients with PD have cognitive deficits based on their MoCA and MMSE score. This suggests that the MoCA will be more sensitive than the MMSE to detect cognitive impairment in PD patients.• Cognitive impairment was more common in PD patients with advanced HY stage and severe motor symptoms.• Attention, language and memory impairment, executive function and language were the most common patterns of CI in PD patients valued by the using of the MoCA and MMSE.