Introduction Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide. It can be prevented by identifying pre-cancer lesions at early stages using Pap smear screening and treating these lesions. Knowledge and attitude on cervical cancer and Pap smear tests are associated with actual participation in cervical cancer screening. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate cervical cancer and Pap smear knowledge and attitudes among Mongolian women. Materials and Methods A total of 671 women aged 30 to 60 years from urban and rural areas participated in the study. The multiple clusters sampling method was used. We examined the relations of socio-demographic characteristics with lack of knowledge and negative attitude towards Pap smear tests by using a multilogistic regression analysis. Result The response rate was 89% (671/750). 62% of the participants correctly answered less than 4 out of 8 questions about cervical cancer risk factors. Also 47,2% and 79,3% of the total number of the women had never heard of Pap Smear and HPV. Only 16,4% of the respondents have some knowledge about them. Almost all (93%) participants agreed that there is a defficiency of information about cancer and its screening.58% and 28% of respondents said that they would participate in Pap smear tests voluntarily and agree to vaccinate their daughters. Positive attitude on Pap smear tests was higher among women living in rural areas and those who have had a Pap smear test. Conclusions Cervical cancer and Pap smear knowledge and attitude among the women in Mongolia are low. Having higher education and higher income level did not ensure positive attitude to cervical cancer screening. Strategies for communicating accurate information about cervical cancer, prevention, and detection as well as risk and treatment of cervical cancer are needed.

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is one of the non communicable diseases which are cause of mobility and mortality of world population. By the study of other researchers in our country early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is more than 10%, in total of 84.3% of all diagnosed patients, vascular complication has been revealed. In this study we involved 64 people to reveal renal complication which is one of the microvascular of diabetes mellitus and did statistical analyses. We estimated renal complication according to the classification of 5 phases of clinical and laboratory indices. We defined amount of creatinine by fully automatic analyzer CHEMIX-180, amount of urine protein microalbumin and creatinine by CABOY 720 analyzer and proportion was accounted according to terminology. From all participants, 53.1% was male, 46.9% was female, average age was 54.2 years. 29,7% of the all participants had the first and second phase of nephropathy, 14.1% had the third phase, 12.5% had the fourth stage or clinical nephropathy. There wasn’t any participant whom chronic renal failure was revealed. Microalbuminuria analyze is important to reveal renal complication of type 2 diabetes and determine the phase in detail.

BACKGROUND. To introduce a new electronic technology which is mobile-based ophthalmoscope to the clinical practice for the patients with diabetes and hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS. There are 32 participants who were diagnosed with hypertension (blood pressure measured more than 140/90 mm Hg three times a month or for 2 weeks) participated in our study. We selected the patients with type II diabetes and hypertension who were referred to the RTW diabetes center. RESULTS. In the hypertensive group, based on Keith Wagener Barker (KWB) Grades, there are 1st and 2nd degree retinopathy cases are more common and it increases with the age. In the diabetic group, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is diagnosed among the patients aged above 60 years old and it correlates with the duration of disease.