Introduction Cervical cancer screening program is using conventional Pap smear (CPS) have been successfully used in Mongolia, but new kind of test as “Liquid based cytology” (LBC) is not popular for screening. This liquid based cytology testing might reduce the number of unsatisfactory smears, and increase the accuracy of diagnosing. Goal The main aim of this study was to assess diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of Liquid based cytology versus Conventional Pap smear using ‘split-samples’ technique. Materials and Methods This was cross sectional study, total of 75 cervical split samples were included over a period of 2 months. Split sample was obtained using cervix-brush. CPS was prepared from brush and the brush head was suspended in the Liquid based vial and processed by LBC method and pap staining. Smears were diagnosed by cytologists. Abnormal smears were concluded by cervical biopsy as a Golden Standard. Results There were 14%unsatisfactory smears in CPS and 6% in LBC; the main cause is insuffi cient cells, and excess blood in CPS. LBC had diagnostic accuracy of LSIL was lower, but ASC-US was higher than CPS was signifi cant. LBC (100%) was more sensitive than CPS (89%) was confi rmed by biopsy. Conclusions: LBC testing was successfully reduced unsatisfactory smears rate. LBC samples offered better clarity and uniform spread of smears, less time for screening and better diagnostic accuracy of LSIL and ASC-US than CPS.

Thyroid nodular lesions are the common clinical problem in the world. A variety of tests have been employed to separate benign from malignant thyroid nodules. These tests include isotope scanning and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Our research was based on the fact that the comparison of FNAC and thyroid isotope scan in thyroid nodule was not researched in Mongolia. Therefore, we want to evaluate the specimen adequacy of FNAC, and compare its result to thyroid isotope scanning in patients with thyroid nodule. The research was conducted on archive materials of FNAC and thyroid isotope scanning of patients with thyroid nodule who were treated in surgical department of The First Central Hospital from 2012 to 2015, and the statistic analyze was done by using SPSS 20 under the auspices of School of Pharmacy and Bio-Medicine,Department of pathology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. We have collected the FNAC of 807 patients, including 34 patients (4.2%) were males and 773 patients (95.8%) were females. FNA cytology results were interpreted as benign in 495 cases (61.3%), follicular lesion of undetermined significance in 31 cases (3.8%), follicular neoplasm in 9 cases (1.1%) suspicious in 17 cases (2.1%), malignant in 3 cases (0.4%), and unsatisfactory in 252 cases (31%). We have got the result of thyroid isotope scanning of 43 (5.32%) patients out of 807 cases. On thyroid scan, 18 patients (41.9%) having cold nodule were labeled as suspicious for malignancy, 25 patients (58.1%) had hot nodule. The FNA diagnosis of 25 patients with a hot nodule following: 1 patient (4%) with neoplasm, 17 patients (68%) with benign results, 6 patients (24%) had non-diagnostic. The FNA diagnosis of 18 patients (41.9%) with cold nodule following: 1 patient (5.5%) with follicular lesion of undetermined significance, 10 patient (55.5%) with benign, 5 patient (27.7%) with non-diagnostic, 2 patient (11.1%) had malignant. The FNAC results were interpreted as benign in 495 cases (61.3%), malignant in 3 cases (0.4%), and unsatisfactory in 252 cases (31%). Two patients out of 18 patients with cold nodule diagnosed as malignancy by FNAC. The sensitivity and specificity of thyroid isotope scanning was 96% and 16.6%, respectively.

Background: The intraoperative smear cytology (squash preparation) is fairly accurate, simple, reliabletool for rapid intraoperative diagnosis of neurosurgical biopsies [1]. In the early 1930s, Dr Eisenhardtand Cushing introduced intraoperative cytological investigations for rapid examination of neurosurgicalspecimens and guidance of surgical treatment [2]. Besides rapid decision making during neurosurgicalprocedures, it is also to be ensured that minimum injury is caused to the normal brain structuressurrounding the intracranial neoplasm. It has become necessary for pathologists to train themselves inthe interpretation of cytomorphological features of various central nervous system lesion and used inmany neurosurgical units of all over the world [3]. Thus, to begin doing intraoperative squash cytology inour practice is the aim of this study.Aim: To study the diagnostic accuracy of squash cytology in the intraoperative diagnosis of centralnervous system tumorsMaterials and Methods: The material for this study was obtained from 30 cases of nervous systemneoplasms sent for intraoperative consultation from State Third Central Hospital, Shashtin to the thirdsection of National Center for Pathology between 7th of November 2013 to 28th of March 2014. Squashpreparation was performed on all cases and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The diagnosis given onsquash cytology was then compared with final diagnosis given on paraffin-embedded sections.Results: Of total 30 cases of primary central nervous system tumors, neuroepithelial tumors are thelargest category of tumors (50%). The accuracy of squash cytology was 82.1%.Conclusion: This is the first study in our country where intra-operative squash cytology in brain tumorwas done and diagnostic accuracy was 82.1% as very good category. There were 4 cases had diagnosticdiscrepancy.

BACKGROUND. Uterine cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. In our country, cervical cancer is second most common cancer in women. Uterine cervical smear (Papanicolaou test) remains an effective and widely used method for early detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions. Since 2002, the cervical smear was introduced to the clinical practice of our country. However, there is no study to performed external quality assurance of cervical smear until now. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We selected 20 glass slides of uterine cervical smear, the diagnosis was approved by histopathology. Each chosen slides were evaluated by four cytologists of A, B, C, D hospitals with hidden clinical information, independently. RESULTS. The sensitivity of A, B, C and D hospitals were 87.5%, 93.3%, 93.3%, and 93.3%, respectively. The specificity of A, B, C and D hospitals was 85.7%, 85.7%, 75%, and 66.6%, respectively. The diagnostic concordance of A, B, C and D was 70%, 75%, 50%, and 55%, respectively. The agreement of cytological diagnosis was moderate (kappa = 0.55), moderate (kappa = 0.43), fair (kappa = 0.37), and fair (kappa = 0.33) in A, B, C, and D hospitals, respectively. CONCLUSION: The external quality assurance in cytopathology is needed in Mongolia. The diagnostic concordance method would be applicable in our country to improve diagnostic agreement.

Purpose:To identify theeffect of Antacid calcium-preparation on gastroeosophageal reflux disease by using pH meterfor 24 hour monitoring analysis. Study methodology:A randomly controlled test was used for the study. Study objects were administered Antacid calcium-6 preparation and their gastric acidity level was identified by pH monitoring analysis for 24 hours. Theimpact of preparation in regards with before and after treatment and their relationship were analysed by t-test. Results:The 24-hour pH meter analysis of Antacid calcium-6 preparation indicated that before administration of preparation the gastroeosophageal pH=5,75±0,14, which has increased after the administration to pH=9,7±0,02 and the average duration was 7,8±0,09 days. In other words, the alkalinizing effect was statistically significant (p<0.001). Also, According to the criteria developed by the DeMeester, the daily prevalence of reflux, the prevalence of reflux that continued for more than five minutes and the DeMeester index indicated that the preparation was significantly efficient (p=0.041). The neutrialising effect of the preparation was established by using the criteria method developed by G.A. Agafonova and A.P. Kholopov (1984), and after administering the preparation, the gastric level was pH=4,6±1,5 indicating that the preparation had a neutralising effect. The average duration for neutralization was 19,3±0,9 hours. Conclusion: Аntacid calcium-6 preparation was effective in neutralising the gastric acidity and it was appropriate for treatment of GERD, chronic gastritis.

The study’s goal was to determine efficiency of the Antacide Calcium-6 to Gastroeosophageal reflux disease (GERD) by radiological study. The material and methods are experimental study and we collected occasionally participants. The study was 2 stages. In the first stage, participants are given Antacide Calcium-6 p.o, and then monitored gastric acidity by pH monitoring for 24 hours. We evaluated how to effect to reflux condition in before and after treatment by relational groups t score. Also we determinate efficient to GERD by DeMeester score, G.A. Agafanova, A.P.Kholopov scores, time to neutralize gastric acidity by time to gastric acidity return normal. First stages results are this preparation alkalified eosophagus (р<0,001). The second stage: Participants are given Antacide calcium-6 for 21 days p.o (1 times per day, in 10 A.M, 1.5g) after collected GerdQ questions and did gastroeosophageal flexible endoscopy. Treatments results evaluated by GerdQ and Antacide calcium-6 decreased to gastro- eosophageal reflux by 72.1% (р<0,001). Eosophageal mucous membrande changes were 86.11% (n=31), gastric inflammation’s actitity was decreased 72.22% (n=26) by endoscopic examination. In conclusion, Antacid calcium-6 biological preparation has neutralizing actions to gastric acidity. Therefore this preparation is comfortable to treat GERD and chronic gastritis.