Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a method that utilizes imaging data to fabricate precise models of both visual and tangible tissue organs using corresponding materials.With the advance in imaging equipment, materials, and printing techniques, the utilization of 3D printing in surgery is becoming increasingly prevalent.Presently, 3D printing is extensively employed in the planning of surgery to remove urological calculi, preoperative simulation, professional training, and doctor-patient communication.Due to its capacity to furnish comprehensive and precise anatomical information, 3D printing significantly enhances the efficacy and safety of ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy, reduces medical students and young doctors' learning curve of surgical procedures, and amplifies the effectiveness of doctor-patient interaction.This article provides an overview of the current application status and research advance of 3D printing in urinary calculi surgery.