Introduction: Gait evaluation and training using treadmill will be increasingly used in near future. However it is con¬troversial whether the treadmill replicates the overground environment. Goal: Aim of this study was to compare overground and treadmill ambulation for possible differences in gait tempo¬ral variables and leg joint kinematics. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 participants walked on overground and treadmill. Participants walked at their preferred velocity on overground. The treadmill velocity was adjusted average velocity obtained in overground walking. Walking in two conditions was captured by high speed camera and analyzed by motion analyses software. Results: The maximum hip flexion angle (P=0.046), maximum hip extension (P=0.0001), maximum knee extension (P=0.0001) and maximum ankle dorsiflexion (P=0.022) were significantly different in the two conditions. Conclusions: The present study suggest that statistically significant differences exist between overground and treadmill walking in healthy subjects for some joint kinematic and temporal variables.

Background: The prevalence of cerebral palsy is estimated to be between 1.5 and 3.8 per 1,000 live births. In Mongolia, the incidence is reported to be 1.89 per 1,000 live births. Physical therapy for children with cerebral palsy improved their motor abilities. The involvement of family members plays a critical role in engaging children in therapeutic activities. Aim: Empowering parents and guardians to ensure regular participation in physical therapy is a priority. Materials and Methods: A total of six children aged 4–9 years (2 males, 4 females) with quadriplegia who received home-based services between October 1, 2023, and October 1, 2024, were selected using a case-controlled clinical trial design. A physical therapist visited once every two weeks for 60-minute sessions. Children’s motor development was assessed using the GMFM-88 criteria, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. Results: Following the physical therapist’s guidance, parents conducted physical therapy exercises with their children an average of 4.5 times per week, with each session lasting approximately 26.6 minutes. Statistically significant improvements in motor function were observed at the 3-month (p = 0.020), 6-month (p = 0.006), and 1-year (p = 0.006) reassessments. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of parental and guardian involvement in supporting the motor development of children with cerebral palsy.