TMJ is a mobile organ that participatesin speaking , chewing , swallowing and other regular movements. Its special characterization and other causes lead to disorders which progress into TMD & headache and those are one of the major concerns of the modern-day1-5.TMJ pain should be differentiated from migraine dependent pain and in both cases Botox injection has recently shown good results. Our study goal was to study use of Botox injection during TMJ and Migraine pain. The study was carried out in MNUMS, School Of Dentistry, PDIC hospital amongst patients with TMJ pain which splint therapy failed to show successful results and in patients with migraine pain. All patients received BOTULAX 200 units (Botulinum Toxin Type A) 20U per 0.1 ml , injected with 1ml syringe and 31G size pin to TMJ and migraine reliantpoints , 10-50U per each spot total of 200U. 15 patients with TMJ , 15 patients with migraine pain received BOTULAX 200 units (Botulinum Toxin Type A) and tested the results after 1 month, 3 months , 6 months, and 1 year periods. The TMJ pain has completely numbed after 1 to 12 months. In patients with migraine dependent pain after 1 month of supervision the suffering has eased down but the patient’s definition of pain was on 3-4 point. After 3 months of surveillance, 15 patients with migraine dependent pain had been relieved of the pain and had not been diagnosed for the following 12 months. The result of our study shows that the Botox injection is effective during TMJ and Migraine dependent pain.

Introduction: We began treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis first from 2003. At that time there was a 1960 cases and most of the cases were from Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, Selenge, Tuv, Dornod provinces. From all the cases only 62% or 1058 cases were included in treatment. From that 336 patient or 19% deceased, 296 patient or 18% didn’t get a treatment. We did this study because there were never done any research or study of surgical treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Mongolia. Materials and Methods: We studied cases of patients who undergone lobectomy, since 2007. There were 48 cases of 46 patients, 2 patients surgery were done on both sides. Respondents aged between 14- 45, 25 male (52%), 23 female (48%), all patients got a first - line anti-tuberculosis treatment, such as cat-1, cat-1+cat-2 and 10 variants of these drugs. It was done based on sputum culture test results of NCCD TB surveillance and research department’s laboratory. Results: From the all patients only 77.08% had undergone surgery within the first 3 years. 92% patients were diagnosed with multi drug resistance TB only with the sputum and sputum culture test results, and the rest of the patients were diagnosed using a tissue analyses on the above tests. It was revealed that HR resistant -91.66%, HR+(Z,E,S) -3 drugs resistant -18.78%, HR+(ZSE)-4 or 5 drugs resistant. In the patients TB lesion locations was on the right upper lobe 54%, left upper lobe 31%, on a both upper lobes 85%, cavernous fibrosis tubercles 60%, combined TB lesions 77%, tubercles 21%.87.5% of total patients received a multi - drug resistant TB treatment between 7 - 24 months prior surgery. All 48 patients had a totally 69 surgeries. Surgeries included 9% pneumonectomy, 28% lobectomy, 30% Wedge resection, 23% pleurectomy decortication, 7% Wedge resection on both sides, one bilobectomy. There were no complications during the surgery but 5 of patients had an empyema after surgery. No fatal cases.Three patients out of 5 who had a surgery due to pulmonary hemorrhage developed an empyema after surgery. Drainage tubes were taken after the surgery within 2-3 months.Therewere no complication and escalations in the patients who received a surgical treatment, after the surgery from 6 months to 5 years. Conclusion: In study it shows that surgical treatment is effective to do after 6 months of anti-tuberculosis drug treatment in multi -drug resistant TB patients.Also it shows that combining of medical and surgical treatment is healing up to 98% in the patients who were rightly chosen according to surgical indications.This research result shows that in our country multi - drug resistant TB surgical treatment complication is only 10.41%, which is below in the other countries who have same anti-tuberculosis drug treatment.

BACKGROUNDAir pollution issue has become the largest problem of Ulaanbaatar city in the last decade affecting health and wellbeing of its citizens. Air pollution levels are increasing considerably in winter as a result of coal burning by city dwellers living in ger areas. Our study purpose was to survey the impact of air pollution on infant health of Ulaanbaatar city in 2012.METHODSData of 7484 on births at Khan-Uul and Sukhbaatar districts residence mothers and infants of Ulaanbaatar city from 2012 and corresponding daily air pollution level data (CO, NO2, SO2 and PM10) from the Ulaanbaatar city air quality monitoring stations were used.RESULTSAir pollution levels in Ulaanbaatar city significantly affect birth outcomes. Exposure to high levels of СО2 of during the third trimester of pregnancy reduces newborn’s weight. Exposure to NO2 is not influencing to newborn’s weight. Mothers who lived in more polluted area during pregnancy period more likely had baby reduced weight in 44 grams.

Background: This study radiographically evaluated the performance of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applied in tooth sockets. Methods: Sixty-eightextractions of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars were performed in 30 patients. In one side the autologous platelet-rich plasma was placed and the other side was filled with a blood clot. Radiographic bone density was quantified 3 times by the same examiner at different moments using ImageJ software, and data was statistically analyzed by SPSS 24.0 software. Results: There was significantly faster bone formation in sockets treated with PRP (P<0.001). Significant healing was observed in the first month (P<0.004), second month (P< 0.001) for the PRP group. Conclusions Use of the autologous PRP method can skip the resorptive phase, and proceed bone regeneration. Thus, to prove the results histomorphometric analysis is preferred.

INNOVATION DENT • VOL. 3 • No.1 • Mar 2017 35 Background Odontogenic infection is defined as most dangerous inflammatory diseases in dental practice, it is believed that the cause of tooth decay disease and its complications currently a major cause of oral infections, or bacterial infection of the main sources of these diseases. Methods Between 2010-2011, odontogenic cellulitis in 21 patients were studied for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria by the Clinic bacterial laboratory in NCCD. Results 21 patients participated, were 10 men and 11 women with odontogenic cellulitis. Aerobic bacteria only were recovered in 3 (14%), anaerobic bacteria were recovered 8 (38%), mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were recovered in 10 (48%). Conclusion A certain percentage of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in odontogenic cellulitis shows simple space infection caused by aerobic bacteria, other complication of odontogenic cellulitis and multiple spaces infection caused by anaerobic and mixed bacterial infection. During dontogenic cellulitis determined high percentage of anaerobic and mixed bacterial infection, thus is our study have shown detection of anaerobic bacterial infection is important clinical significance in dental practice.

Hemangiomas are common benign vascular tumors which about 70% to 80% of the lesions are found in the head and neck region. This study was conducted on 36 children with hemangioma who were referred to Orofacial Surgery Cabinet of Dental School of Health Sciences University of Mongolia and Orofacial Surgery Cabinet of National Center for Maternal and Child Health of Mongolia between 2013 and 2015.Of the 36 children referred for assessment, 72% were female, 55% were infants of 4 to 9 months old, and 83% of them were citizens. 58% of patients underwent cryotherapy,and 57% of patients underwent cryotherapy had 2 therapy sessions. 25% of patients receiver sclerotic therapy, and 67% of them had 2 therapy sessions. According to the locations of hemangiomas 30% of them were localized in infraorbital area. 72% of the participants are women and 55% are children age of 4-9 month which 83% of all participants were living in city. 58% of children with hemangioma are treated with cryotherapy which 57%of treatment finished by second visit. And 25% were treated by dehydration treatment which 67% were finished by second visit.

Introduction: We began treatment ofmulti drug resistant tuberculosis first from2003. At that time there was a 1960 cases andmost of the cases were from Ulaanbaatar,Darkhan, Selenge, Tuv, Dornod provinces.From all the cases only 62% or 1058 caseswere included in treatment. From that 336patient or 19% deceased, 296 patient or 18%didn’t get a treatment. We did this studybecause there were never done any researchor study of surgical treatment of multi drugresistant tuberculosis in Mongolia.Materials and Methods: We studiedcases of patients who undergone lobectomy,since 2007. There were 48 cases of 46patients, 2 patients surgery were done onboth sides. Respondents aged between 14-45, 25 male (52%), 23 female (48%), allpatients got a first - line anti-tuberculosistreatment, such as cat-1, cat-1+cat-2 and 10variants of these drugs. It was done basedon sputum culture test results of NCCDTB surveillance and research department’slaboratory.Results: From the all patients only77.08% had undergone surgery within thefirst 3 years. 92% patients were diagnosedwith multi drug resistance TB only with thesputum and sputum culture test results, andthe rest of the patients were diagnosedusing a tissue analyses on the above tests.It was revealed that HR resistant -91.66%,HR+(Z,E,S) -3 drugs resistant -18.78%,HR+(ZSE)-4 or 5 drugs resistant. In thepatients TB lesion locations was on the rightupper lobe 54%, left upper lobe 31%, ona both upper lobes 85%, cavernous fibrosistubercles 60%, combined TB lesions 77%,tubercles 21%.87.5% of total patientsreceived a multi - drug resistant TB treatmentbetween 7 - 24 months prior surgery.All 48 patients had a totally 69 surgeries.Surgeries included 9% pneumonectomy,28% lobectomy, 30% Wedge resection,23% pleurectomy decortication, 7% Wedgeresection on both sides, one bilobectomy.There were no complications during thesurgery but 5 of patients had an empyemaafter surgery. No fatal cases.Three patientsout of 5 who had a surgery due to pulmonaryhemorrhage developed an empyema aftersurgery. Drainage tubes were taken afterthe surgery within 2-3 months.Therewere nocomplication and escalations in the patientswho received a surgical treatment, after thesurgery from 6 months to 5 years.Conclusion: In study it shows that surgicaltreatment is effective to do after 6 monthsof anti-tuberculosis drug treatment in multi -drug resistant TB patients.Also it shows thatcombining of medical and surgical treatmentis healing up to 98% in the patients whowere rightly chosen according to surgicalindications.This research result shows that inour country multi - drug resistant TB surgicaltreatment complication is only 10.41%,which is below in the other countries whohave same anti-tuberculosis drug treatment.

BACKGROUND. In the present situation, other than establishing the cause of death, one other major problem that the world is still facing in the forensic medical science is determining the time of death. To meet this requirement, scientists have been studying the organ system at cellular level based on medical and other sciences. Determining the time of death solves the problem which judicial organization has to face and it is significant to demonstrate citizen’s religion and traditional rituals. Now there are two methods, early and late reflection in the corpse. When we determine the time of death, we have purposed changes of epithelial cell structures and movements in the smear from the cornea after death. The studies related with those have not yet being undertaken in our country. Therefore, we want to investigate what changes are related with corneal cytology depend on the time of death. PURPOSE: To study the changes of epithelial cell structure and movement in the smear from the cornea after death. CONCLUSION: We observed the marked changes in the cell structure, including increased nucleus/cytoplasmic ratio and also a nuclear karyolysis of the epithelial cells of the cornea at 1-2 hours, 3-4 hours, 5-7 hours, 8-11 hours, 12-17 hours, 1 day and 2 days after the death, respectively. From the research results, by observing the number of epithelial cell of the cornea, we can see that when the time of death is prolonged, the number of epithelial cell increases. When we compared the time of death with the determined number of epithelial cells, there are statistically significant (ρ=0.981, p<0.001).

Background: The development of caries is dependent on the interaction of four primary factors. These are a host (tooth surface), a substrate (food), the presence of oral bacteria, and time. Caries will not develop if any of these four primary factors are not present. Although the primary molars are naturally replaced by the age of 10–12 years, caries, pulpitis, periapical periodontitis, primary molar defects, even loss of primary molars can have adverse effects on the permanent teeth. The bite force is created by the dynamic action of the muscles during the physiologic act of mastication. Determination of individual bite force level has been widely used in dentistry, mainly to understand the mechanics of mastication for evaluation of the therapeutic effects of prosthetic devices and to provide reference values for studies on the biomechanics of prosthetic devices. Methods: The 4-5 year olds who were treated at the National University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Dental Hospital were admitted to this study. The magnitude of the bite force in Newtons (N) was measured (Occlusal Force Meter GM10) bilaterally corresponding with the 1st and 2nd primary molars using a specifically designed single tooth bite force gauge. Results: Fifty three children were included in the study. The prevalence of dental caries was found to be 66.04% respective. No significant differences were found between the male and the female in bite force and p values of the study. Analysis of variance evaluated difference among the three groups. The means of maximum bite force were 258.83, 216.43 and 189.15 N for the groups. Significant differences between first molar and second molar’s occlusal surface area were detected. The analysis of correlation showed that the caries and bite force presented weak inverse (r=-0.36) correlation. Conclusion The bite force of 4-5 years old children was independent of gender, body weight, body height and side of mastication. The bite force on teeth with caries were 189.15 N. The caries was in weak inverse correlation with the bite force quantity. The amount of bite force measured was dependent on tooth occlusal surface area.