The progress of modern science and technology stimulates reformation of teaching.PBL(Problem Based Learning) encourages the students to explore and solve the problems in the learning process.PBL can arouse the enthusiasm and creativity of the students through the carefully designed questions,focused discussions and(related) experiments etc.It can create an easy and active learning atmosphere that can improve the quality of teaching.

The application of human embryonic stem cell(hES cell) contributes a lot to the disease treatment,and shows a great potentiality especially in organ transplantation and tissue engineering.Although hES cell therapy has not reached clinical application,some newly achieved results are encouraging.This review mainly presents results recently published in applying hES cell for disease treatment.

Objective To evaluate the safety of coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) on patients with end-stage hemodialysis-dependent renal failure.Method Two patients with hemodialysis who received CABG were reported.The features of clinical manifestation were studied.Results CHDF was preformed in two cases after operation.One patient died of hemorrhage on the third day after operation,the other patient showed relief of recurrent chest pain and improved quality of life after CABG.Conclusion Under a well-prepared dialysis program and meticulous perioperative management,CABG can be performed in dialysis-dependent patients,with increased but acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality risks.Our initial experiences of CHDF during and after CABG suggest that the technique provides excellent electrolyte,metabolite and fluid management for the cardiac patients with chronic renal failure.

Objective The aim is to expore the expression of HSP70 in human esophagus cancer and introduce method of separation of HSP70-peptide compound.Methods The expression of human HSP70 RNA in human(esophagus) cancer was hybridized with P17 probe by Northern blot.The HSP70-peptide complex was isolated by(affinity) chromatography.Results HSP70 mRNA was detected in human esophagus cancer tissue at much more higher level than corresponding normal tissue;HSP70-peptide compound are separated from esophagus cancer of human body.Conclusion This research not only testified the strong expression of HSP70 in esophagus cancer,but also supplied a practical method of extraction and purification of HSP70-peptide compound of tumor origin.This study makes a starting point for further research in this field.

Objective To establish an in vitro vascular calcification model of bovine aortic smooth muscle cell(BASMC) induced by ?-glycerophosphate.Methods: Primary BASMCs were obtained by the explant method.The cells after 4～8 passages were incubated in the medium containing(10 mmol/L) ?-glycerophosphate for 10 days to induce calcification.Calcification were observed in cultures by Alizarin Red S and Von Kossa stain and transmission electron microscopy.Meanwhile,calcium deposition,alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity of cell layer and osteocalcin(OC) in culture supernatant were measured.Results After 10 days,extensive calcium deposition was detected by Von Kossa and alizarin red S stain and transmission electron microscopy.?-glycerophosphate increased calcium deposition in a time-dependent manner,ALP activity and OC concentration were higher than that of uncalcified controls at various time points(P

Objective To investigate the serum adiponectin levels and TNF-? levels in women with gestational diabetes and to study their clinical significance.Methods Plasma concentration of adiponectin,tumor necrosis factor alpha and correlate parameters were measured in 50 patients with gestational diabetes(GDM)and 36 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance(NGT).Radio immunoassay was used to measure the adiponectin,TNF-? level was measured by ELISA.Serum insulin level was measured by Electrochemiluminescent immunoassays fasting glucose levels by glucose oxidase method.Results GDM patients had significantly lower concentrations of adiponectin(10.3?(2.4) mg/L) and elevated levels of TNF-?(4.6?(1.5)?g/L) in comparison to NGT women.In GDM group TNF-? level was correlated positively with serum insulin level,glucose level.Concentration of adiponectin was negatively correlated with corresponding parameters.Conclusion Elevated level of TNF-? and decreased adiponectin concentration may not simply reflect maternal adiposity and insulin resistant state,but may contribute to the impaired glucose metabolism during pregnancy and forecast the risk of metabolism syndrome.

Objective To determine the function and binding properties of SR-A in HMC.Methods A human mesangial cell line(HMCL) with high expression of type A SCR(HMCL-SCR) was established after stable transfection of expressive vector with cDNA encoding SR-A.Uptake of fluorescence Dil-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein(Dil-Ac-LDL) and oxidized LDL(Ox-LDL) by HMC were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy,con-focal microscopy and Oil Red "O" staining respectively.SCR mRNA expression was examined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results More uptake of Ox-LDL and Ac-LDL was observed in HMCL-SCR than that in the untransfected HMCL.Unlabeled Ox-LDL and Ac-LDL at a 40-fold excess concentration competed significantly with the uptake of Dil-Ac-LDL by HMC.Otherwise this phenomenon was not observed when co-cultured with LDL.Conclusion This results suggest that SR-A mediates the uptake of modified-LDL with high affinity and high specificity in human mesangial cells.

Objective To determine the effect of cardiomyopeptidin on transient outward potassium current(I_(to) of rat ventricular myocytes and its action mechanism on the ion channels of myocardium.Methods Single ventricular myocytes of rats were obtained by enzymatic dissociation.The whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique was used to record the change of transient outward potassium current(I_(to) by different dosages of cardiomyopeptidin.Results Cardiomyopeptidin decreased I_(to) in a dose-dependent manner.Cardiomyopeptidin in dose of 10,50,100,250 and(500 mg/L) decreased I_(to %) by 4,13,22,32 and 38 respectively.Cardiomyopeptidin 50 mg/L moved the current density-voltage curve of I_(to) down,but the shape of the curve had no changes.Cardiomyopeptidin 50 mg/L did not change the steady state activation curve of I_(to).Conclusions Cardiomyopeptidin decreases the I_(to) of rat ventricular myocytes,which might be one of the mechanisms of its antiarrhythmic effect.

Objective To study the effect of small interfering RNA(siRNA) of human papillomavirus(HPV) 18(E6) gene on apoptosis of HPV-related cervical HeLa cell line.Methods siRNA targeting HPV18 E6 mRNA was designed and generated by PCR amplification.The PCR products containing U6 promoter and the siRNA sequence were then transfected into HeLa cells via Lipofectamine()~(TM)2000.Cell viability was determined by MTT assay.Apoptosis was detected by morphological observation and flow cytometry analysis.The expression level of HPV18 E6 mRNA was assayed by RT-PCR.Results The cell growth and viability of(siRNA) transfected group were significantly inhibited(P

Obiective To observe the effects of carbamazepine on morphology and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)expression of astrocytes in hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods Astrocytic expression was observed with GFAP immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared to control group,GFAP immunoreactivity and the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes were significantly increased after 3 months of carbamazepine administration.Conclusion The changes of astrocytic expression induced by carbamazepine are time-dependent.