Mutagenicity of CORAGRAF (natural coral) and REKAGRAF (hydroxyapatite) was tested in Ames test with and without an external metabolic activation system (S9). The test revealed no mutagenic activity of both locally produced osseous substitutes.
Base Pair Mismatch/drug effects ; Biotransformation/physiology ; Bone Substitutes/*toxicity ; Calcium Carbonate/*toxicity ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Hydroxyapatites/*toxicity ; *Materials Testing ; *Mutagenicity Tests ; Salmonella typhimurium/genetics

To understand the expression and effect of mismatch repair genes, hMSH2 and hMLH1, and to investigate anti-leukemic cell proliferation mechanism of curcumin, the levels of both genes were detected by multiple comparative RT-PCR. The protein of hMSH2 was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and the gene mutation of hMSH2 and hMLH1 were detected by PCR-SSCP and microsatellite instability assay. After UV irradiation, the gene expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1 was not increased and showed no response. This phenomenon was not ascribed to gene mutation, because PCP-SSCP and microsatellite instability assay revealed no abnormal gel-shift band in both genes. After irradiation and addition of curcumin, the expression of hMSH2 mRNA increased and the cellular apoptotic rate also increased at the same time. The difference was statistically significant as compared with groups without addition of curcumin and control groups (P < 0.05). Our results suggested that when MMR system was inhibited by the same agents, curcumin can remove this suppression and switch to cellular apoptosis.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Base Pair Mismatch ; drug effects ; genetics ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; DNA Repair ; drug effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; radiation effects ; Humans ; MutS Homolog 2 Protein ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Proteins ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; drug effects ; Ultraviolet Rays