Barbiturates* ; Brain* ; Membranes* ; Phospholipids*

Barbiturates* ; Brain* ; Membranes*

Millions of injection of sodium thiopental have been clinically used since it was introduced by Lundy in 1934. As with other barbiturates, cutaneous allergic manifestation are rather frequently seen, but reports of anaphlyactic reactions are rare. Probably many cases have not been recognized or have been misdiagnosed. It is believed that some cases of unexplained collapse or even death after thiopental inductions are very possibly due to an unrecognized anaphylactic action. This report presents a case of anaphylactic action due to injection of sodium thiopental and the references were reviewed.
Anaphylaxis* ; Barbiturates ; Sodium ; Thiopental*

Barbiturates* ; Brain* ; Cholesterol* ; Membranes* ; Phospholipids*

Bilateral traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae (TCCFs) is rarely encountered neurovascular disease. For treatment of TCCF, detachable balloons have been widely used. Nowadays, transarterial and/or transvenous coil embolization with placement of covered stents is adopted as another treatment method. We experienced a patient with a bilateral TCCFs who was successfully treated with covered stents. However, cerebral hemorrhage occurred in the bed of previous infarction one day after treatment. Hyperperfusion syndrome was considered as a possible cause of the hemorrhage, so that barbiturate coma therapy was started and progression of hemorrhage was stopped. We emphasize that cerebral hyperperfusion hemorrhage can occur even after successful endovascular treatment of TCCF.
Barbiturates ; Caves ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Coma ; Fistula ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infarction ; Stents

The capacity of hypothermia to protect the brain during a period of decreased or absent oxygen delivery(hypoxia) is well established both experimentally and clinically. And also experimentally, barbiturates, which are the most potent pharmacologic depressants of cerebral metabolism, do provide protection. A 25 year-old patien, who had suffered from hypoxic cerebral hypoxia was satisfactorily treated by a combination therapy with Thiopental Sodium and low-grade Hypothermia.
Adult ; Barbiturates ; Brain ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Hypoxia, Brain* ; Metabolism ; Oxygen ; Thiopental*

Fixed drug eruption normally presents as single or multiple sharply demarcated erythematous lesions that recur at the same location upon re-exposure to the offending agent. When the acute inflammation subsides, it often leaves residual hyperpigmentation. Commonly implicated substances are phenolphthalein, barbiturates, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, salicylates, gold and pyrazolone derivatives. Despite frequent use of acetaminophen, drug eruptions, especially fixed drug eruptions, due to acetaminophen are extrernely rare. We report here a childhood case of fixed drug eruption caused by acetaminophen, which is extensively used as an over-the-counter drug, as well as in medical therapy.
Acetaminophen* ; Barbiturates ; Drug Eruptions* ; Hyperpigmentation ; Inflammation ; Phenolphthalein ; Salicylates ; Sulfonamides ; Tetracyclines

Normal intracranial pressure (ICP) is below 10?15 mmHg.It may increase as a result of traumatic brain injury, stroke, neoplasm or other pathologies. When ICP is pathologically elevated it needs to be lowered. Effective management of intracranial hypertension involves meticulous avoidance of factors that precipitate or aggravate intracranial hypertension.It is important to rule out space occupying lesion that should be surgically removed.Medical managements of intracranial hypertension include maintenance of proper oxygenation and cerebral perfusion pressure and osmotheraphy with either mannitol or hypertonic saline. For intracranial hypertension refractory to initial medical treatment, profound hyperventilation, barbiturate coma or hypothermia should be considered. Steroids are not indicated and maybe harmful in the treatment of intracranial hypertension caused by traumatic brain injury.
Barbiturates ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Coma ; Hyperventilation ; Hypothermia ; Intracranial Hypertension ; Intracranial Pressure ; Mannitol ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Steroids ; Stroke

Propanidid was administered to 50 surgical patients, and the following results were obtained 1) Propanidid seemed effective as an induction agent. 2) Propanidid could be used alone or in combination with muscle relaxants. 3) Propanidid had little influence on the cardiovascular system, and caused no significant change in blood pressure. 4) Recovery was more rapid with propanidid than with other barbiturates. 5) Hiccough and involuntary movement were noted in the majority of patients. Vomiting, nausea, headache, shivering, and rash occurred in a few patients.
Barbiturates ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Dyskinesias ; Exanthema ; Headache ; Hiccup ; Humans ; Nausea ; Propanidid ; Shivering ; Vomiting

The incidence of life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions during anesthesia has been increasing. Specific allergic reactions during anesthesia are usually due to muscle relaxants, barbiturates, local anesthetics, narcotics, radiocontrast media, antibiotics, and colloids. Thrombokinase, a hemostatic agent, has been used widely in clinical practice and severe anaphylactoid reactions to thrombokinase can occur rarely. We experienced two cases of anaphylactoid reactions after thrombokinase administration.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics, Local ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Barbiturates ; Colloids ; Contrast Media ; Factor Xa* ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Narcotics ; Pharmacology