VFP Database Management System was applied in the establishment of the first Chinese Medicine Leaf Morphological-venation Pattern (LMVP) Identification Database Management. It stores 46 species of Chinese medicine confusing LMVP identification criteria (characteristics) and its 10 kinds of basic information, as well as 117 families with a total of 358 species of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and plant references document when study-ing in the TCM identification and methodology. It can provide query identification criteria (features), literature, and data for statistical analysis. It is the technology platform for the implementation, promotion and improvement of LMVP identification method, and further development on LMVP data mining. This database has a simple structure, multiple functions and applications, convenient management and maintenance, which are suitable for teaching.

Objective To search for characteristics and methods of identifying the prepared gastrodia(stir-backed with ginger juice).Methods The prepared gastrodia was systemically made in lab observed according to the methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Then found out the characteristics and the methods of identifying prepared gastrodia.The reliability of the characteristics and methods was tested and verified by identifying two batches prepared gastrodia products.Results The main macroscopic characters:It had the scent of ginger sometimes.The main characteristics of microscopic:Lots of polysaccharides,thick-walled cells,thinner-walled cells,raphides and substances from ginger,such as starch grains,scalariform vessels,fibers,oil cells,and so on.Solution of iodine reaction showed purple-brown,reddish violet.Two batches products were accurately identified.Conclusion Macroscopic characters,microscopic characters and the reaction can identify the prepared gastrodia.These methods are simple and convenient.

Object To distinguish the genuine Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. from other species of Dioscorea L. such as D. persimilis Prain et Burkill, D. japonica Thunb., and D. alata L., conventionally used in some localities by sequencing their nuclear ribosomal RNA subunit (18S rRNA), to provide mole cular evidences for the quality control of drugs of Dioscorea L. Methods By direct PCR sequencing to detect the homology of 18S rRNA sequence of different species of Dioscorea L.. Results The 18S rRNA gene sequence of genuine D. polystachya, D. persimilis and D. japonica showed identical length of 1810 bp, whereas that of D. alata was 1807 bp. Multiple sequence alignment of 18S rRNA gene showed that the homology was identical between D.persimilis and the genuine D. polystachya; but a difference of 99.89% with D. japonica and 97.51% with D. alata. Conclusion DNA sequencing can provide an accurate and reliable mean for the identification of the origin and genuineness of Dioscorea L..

This study was aimed to establish an identification method between leaflets of Dimocarpus longan and leaflets of Litchi chinensis. The leaflet morphological-venation pattern (LMVP) and quantitative analysis were reliable identification method for Chinese herbs. The results showed that the main differences of leaflets of Dimocarpus lon-gan were the eucamptodromous camptodromous pinnate venation; the secondary veins gradually changed into little near margin and a few brochidodromous; the type of tertiary vein was percurrent or reticulate. The main differences of leaflets of Litchi chinensis were brochidodromous camptodromous pinnate venation; the course of the secondary veins was sinuous or zigzag, and abruptly curved then linked; the type of tertiary vein was reticulate. With three groups of key differences mentioned above, both plants can be successfully identified from each other. The accuracy of identification results (AC) was from 98.1% to 100%. The agreement rate for observation (ARO) was from 98.5% to 100%. And the Kappa value was from 0.97 to 1.00. It was concluded that the established LMVP is simple, rapid, e-conomic and reliable in the identification between leaflets of Dimoc arp us longan and leaflets of its confused herb Litchi chinensis.

OBJECTIVETo study the leaf venation characteristics of Bidens pilosa and B. pilosa var. radiata and establish an identification method.

METHODLMVP (leaf morphological-venation pattern for identification Chinese herbs), and QAERM (quantitatively analyze and evaluate reliability for the method of identification Chinese herbs) were applied for the study.

RESULTUnder the transmission-light, the tertiary vein of B. pilosa was discrete, the color was darker, the size was bigger, the shape was short curve, short linear, spot-like and branch-like. However the tertiary vein of B. pilosa var. radiata was continuous linear and color lighter. With the mentioned key difference, the both plants could be successfully identified from each other, the accuracy of identification results (AC) was from 96.7% to 97.7%. The repeatability of identification results: agreement rate for observation (ARO) was 95.1% and Kappa value was 0.90.

CONCLUSIONThe established method is simple, rapid, economic and reliable.

Bidens ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Pigmentation ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the identification characters of Abutilon indicum and its confused herb A. theophrasti and establish an identification method.

METHODLMVP (leaf morphological-venation pattern for identification Chinese herbs), and QAERM (quantitatively analyze and evaluate reliability for the method of identification Chinese herbs) were applied for the study.

RESULTThe main differences of the leaf of Abutilon indicum: leaf margin cilia short and not clear (75-200 microm), petiole top with long straight hairs (up to 1.0-1.2 cm), when the tertiary veins and intersecondary veins issue from the lower part of midrib, their angles of divergence usually were wide acute (65 degrees-80 degrees) and a few was about right angle (80 degrees-100 degrees). The main differences of the leaf of A. theophrasti: leaf margin cilia long and clear (200-500 microm), petiole top with short straight hairs (most 0.1-0.5 mm), when the tertiary veins and intersecondary veins issue from the lower part of midrib, their angles of divergence usually were about right angle (80 degrees-100 degrees) and a few was wide acute (65 degrees-80 degrees). With the mentioned three groups of key differences, the both plants could be successfully identified from each other. The accuracy of identification results (AC) was from 97.5% to 99.6%, the repeatability of identification results: agreement rate for observation (ARO) was 97.1% and Kappa value was 0.94.

CONCLUSIONThe established method is simple, rapid, economic and reliable.

Malvaceae ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; growth & development ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo observe and study the correctness of the proposition dicot have free vein termination but monocot have not. To evaluate the reliability of the identification principle that is based on above proposition.

METHODFourteen species of pharmaceutical monocot come from 9 families and 3 species of pharmaceutical dicot come from 3 families were observed by using the method of microscopic identification.

RESULTThe free vein termination existed in the vein-islets of 10 species of monocot from 8 families, Zingiberaceae, Stemonaceae, Gramineae, Liliaceae, Orchidaceae, Alismataceae, Dioscoreaceae and Araceae ect, and it was not to find the free vein termination in monocot Iris tectorum, Belamcanda chinensis (Fam. Iridaceae) and Imperata cylindrica, Coix lacryma-jobi (Fam. Gramineae). Three species dicot, Cinnamomum burmannii, Castanea mollissima, Mangifera indica, all had the free vein termination. The free vein termination of C. burnmannii was sparse, and C. mollissima's was usually covered by non-glandular hair.

CONCLUSIONThe proposition is not universally applicable, monocot have no free vein termination. The identification principle is unreliable, which distinguish between medicinal dicot and monocot leaves according to whether the free vein termination exists or not.

Magnoliopsida ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; Reproducibility of Results