Objective To explore the structural foundation of transport pathway of pineal secretions from the pineal body to the cerebrospinal fluid of subarachnoid space. Methods The pineal capsule of the superficial pineal body of 1.5-month and 12-month old rats was observed under scanning electron microscope(SEM).Results Cribriform and trumpet-shaped epithelial stomata were scattered on the pineal capsule.Cribriform epithelial stomata were seen mostly in 1.5-month old rats.They were composed of many round pores which pierced through the full-thickness of the periphery of the capsule endothelium.The pores were dense and ranged from 200-500 nm in diameter;trumpet-shaped epithelial stomata were seen in both 1.5-month and 12-month old rats.Trumpet-shaped epithelial stomata were located among epithelial cells of the pineal capsule.They were round or elliptic in shape and ranged from 1-4 ?m in diameter.On the surface of the pineal capsule,many secretory granules were observed.They were spherule and 8001 000 nm in diameter.Conclusion The releasing pattern of secretory granules of the pineal body could include a releasing of the whole membrane;the pineal secretions may be transported directly from the pineal body to the cerebrospinal fluid of subarachnoid space through the epithelial stomata of the pineal capsule.

Objective To investigate the level of the red blood cell (RBC) distribution width and other related indicators to predict the prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure elderly.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed in the patients with chronic heart failure elderly which died in our hospital (experimental group) and 100 patients were selected randomly that with heart failure elderly being improved by treatment (control group).The difference was compared in the level of the RBC distribution width (RDW),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),homocysteine (Hcy),D-dimer (DD),and amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in two groups.Results The level of RDW,hsCRP,Hcy,DD,and NT-proBNP in experimental group were significantly higher than that in control group (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Chronic heart failure was common clinical critically ill in the elderly.There were important clinical significance and important predictors to detect the levels of RDW,hs-CRP,Hcy,DD,and NT-proBNP in predicting prognosis and evaluating the effect of treatment.

BACKGROUND: The basic way for the releasing pattern of secretory granules of neurohypophysis is still not clear, neither is the extracellular normal transport route of neurohypophysis polypeptide hormones to enter the cerebrospinal fluid.OBJECTIVE: To provide the morphological evidences for the structural foundations of the releasing pattern and extraeellular normal transport route for secretory granules or polypeptide hormones of neurohypophysis by observing the structure of rats' neurohypophysis.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of human anatomy in a university.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Department of Human Anatomy of Hebei Medical University from May 2003 to January 2004. Twelve healthy clean grade adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with a body mass of about 300 g were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center of Hebei Province.METHODS: The 12 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 rats in each group. The neurohypophysises of each group were respectively observed with light microscope, transmission microscope and scanning electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The microstructure and ultrastructure of the neurohypophysis.RESULTS:All 12 rats entered the final analysis. In the coronary section of rat hypophysis, pars distalis, pars intermedia and pars nervosa were discernable under the light microscope. Under the transmission electron microscope, the neurohypophysis was composed of unmyelinated nerve fibers, pituicytes and connective tissue abound in blood capillaries. The endothelium of the blood capillary belonged to the fenestrated type(50 nm), separated from perivascular space by basement membrane. The intact secretory granules (100 -300 nm) coated with membrane existed not only in the endings of the unmyelinated nerve fibers but also occasionally in perivascular space. Under the scanning electron microscope, the pituitary capsule was composed of simple squamous epithelial cells and subepithelial connective tissue. Many irregular epithelial openings(2-5 μm) were observed among epithelial cells. Secretory granules were seen frequently near the epithelial opening.CONCLUSION: The releasing pattern of secretory granules or polypeptide hormones of neurohypophysis involves a whole-releasing pattern together with granular membrane. After released into perivascular space, they enter easily into cerebrospinal fluid via interspace of tissue and epithelial openings rather than into blood circulation through the walls of capillaries, and then into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Objective To investigate the expression of PMN Fas/FasL,Caspase-3 from peripheral blood in patients with SIRS and observe the effect of emodin on the PMN apoptosis and explore its mechanism.Methods The samples of peripheral blood were collected from 8 patients(all suffer from acute pancreatitis)with SIRS and 6 healthy volunteers.The circulating neutrophils were isolated and cultured.There were three groups of in our study:control group,SIRS group and emodin-treated group.The change of the PMN apoptosis and the expression Ieve]of Fas/FasL.Caspas-3 were observed.Results Compared with healthy volunteers.the percentage of PMN apoptosis significantly reduced in patients with S1RS(P＜0.05).After emodin was used,the percentage of PMN apoptosis in patients with SIRS increased(P＜0.05).Compared with healthy volunteers,the expression of Fas and Caspase-3 reduced in patients with SIRS(P＜0.05).Emodin could significantly induce the expression of Fas and Caspase-3(P＜0.05).After 24 hours of in vitro culture.the expression of FasL was not detected.Conclusion PMN from patients with SIRS shows profoundly delayed rates of apoptosis in vitro compared with PMN from healthy volunteers,and the decreased percentage of PMN apoptosis is associated with the reduced expression of Fas and Caspase-3.Emodin can significantly inhibit the delayed PMN apoptosis in patients with SIRS by inducing the expression of Fas and Caspase-3.

Objective To study 64-slice CT perfusion features of metastatic tumors of liver and its clinical value.Methods 23 cases (40 lesions) with liver metastases underwent CT perfusion scanning.Hepatic arterial perfusion index(HPI) parameters including blood flow perfusion(BF),patlak blood capacity (pBV),vascular permeability (P,permeability),arterial liver perfusion(ALP),portal venous perfusion( PVP ) were analyzed in comparison with that of normal liver .Results (1)BF, pBV , P , ALP , PVP and HPI in normal liver tissue were (47.85?8.11) ml?100ml-1?min-1,41.25?6.32 (1000:1), 64.25?11.10 (0.5 ml?100ml-1?min-1),(24.55?2.96) ml?100ml-1?min-1, (105.24?16.42) ml?100ml-1?min-1,(20.18?3.81),respectively.(2)BF,pBV,P,ALP and PVP between the normal hepatic tissue and the centre of lesions were of statistically significance (P

Objective To explore the effect of Angiopoietin-2(ANG-2) and Endostatin (ENS) in patho genesis and development of endometriosis. Methods Twenty-five endometriosis cases and 24 controls were enrolled. ANG-2 and ENS in endometrium were detected by Immunohistochemistry. The concentrations of ANG-2 and ENS in peri-toneal fluid were measured with enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay. Results In the EMs group, ANG-2 positive rate in eutopic endometrium was significantly higher than that of ectopic endometrium. The ANG-2 positive rate in ectopic endometrium was significantly higher than that of control group; in EMs group, the ENS positive rate in ec-topic endometrium was significantly higher than that in eutopic endometrium. The ENS positive rate in eutopic endo-metrium was significantly higher than that in control group. There was no significant difference of ANG-2 or ENS between stage Ⅰ～Ⅱand stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ. In peritoneal fluid, ANG-2 and ENS concentration and ratio of ANG-2/ ENS in endometriosis were significantly higher than that in controls. Conclusion The effect of angiopoietin-2 and endostatin in angiogenesis of endometriosis are important play a role in pathogenesis and development of the endo-metriosis.

Objective To explore the effect of Angiopoietin-2(ANG-2) and Endostatin (ENS) in patho genesis and development of endometriosis.Methods Twenty-five endometriosis cases and 24 controls were enrolled. ANG-2 and ENS in endometrium were detected by Immunohistochemistry. The concentrations of ANG-2 and ENS in peritoneal fluid were measured with enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay.Results In the EMs group,ANG-2 positive rate in eutopic endometrium was significantly higher than that of ectopic endometrium. The ANG-2 positive rate in ectopic endometrium was significantly higher than that of control group;in EMs group,the ENS positive rate in ectopic endometrium was significantly higher than that in eutopic endometrium.The ENS positive rate in eutopic endometrium was significantly higher than that in control group. There was no significant difference of ANG-2 or ENS between stageⅠ～Ⅱand stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ. In peritoneal fluid,ANG-2 and ENS concentration and ratio of ANG-2/ENS in endometriosis were significantly higher than that in controls. Conclusion The effect of angiopoietin-2 and endostatin in angiogenesis of endometriosis are important play a role in pathogenesis and development of the endometriosis.

Objective To observe the morphological changes of pancreatic tissue of thoracic duct ligated rats in fine and ultrastructural levels, and to determine whether lymph block animal model can affect pancreatic islet amyloid polypeptide(PIAP)deposit in rat pancreas. Methods At the 6th month after the operation, some pancreatic tissue sections of 16-month-old experimental rats were embedded in paraffin wax and stained with HE and Congo red;immunohistochemical staining was performed on some frozen sections, which were then observed with light microscope;transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimen preparation and observation were performed on other samples. Results HE and Congo red stained sections showed that the pancreatic glandular lobule space was widened, with significant connective tissue hyperplasia, and fat accumulation when the islet was stained indistinctly or vermeil and tissue space was broadened. The sections with immunohistochemical staining displayed the pancreatic islet as well as the tissues around it were stained into dark brown being positive with PIAP antigen. TEM observation showed the pancreatic glandular interlobule space was widened, while blood vessels and enlarged lymphatic vessels were visible;within widened pancreatic islet interstitial space, a great quantity of lipid droplets and some collagen fibril structures could be seen.Conclusion The ligation of thoracic duct can contribute to pancreatic lymph draining block, lymphagiectasis, connective tissue space and interstitial space widening, fat accumulation, and PIAP deposit in rat pancreas. These structural changes may affect the function of pancreatic islets.

Objective:To explore the influence of ulinastatin combined with thymosinα1 on the immune function of patients with a-cute brain injury. Methods:Sixty-eight cases of patients with acute brain injury were divided into the control group and the observation group randomly with thirty-four ones in each. The control group was given the routine treatment, and the observation group was given ulinastatin combined with thymosinα1 additionally. After the 1-day, 3-day, 7-day and 14-day treatment, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the other serum inflammatory cyto-kine levels, and CD4 +, CD8 +, CD4 + /CD8 +, HLA-DR and cellular immune index levels were detected in the two groups. The prog-nosis effects were evaluated by the prognostic classification of brain injury, and the adverse reactions were analyzed in the two groups as well. Results:After the 1-day treatment, there were no significant differences in the serum inflammatory cytokines and immune param-eters between the groups (P>0. 05). After the 3-day, 7-day and 14-day treatment, serum TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF- α levels were higher than those on the first day after the treatment, and TGF-β1 showed an increasing trend with time extension, while IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and CD4 + and CD4 + /CD8 +rose first and then decreased. After the 3-day, 7-day and 14-day treatment, serum IL-10 and CD4 +levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and IL-6 and TNF-αlevels were signifi-cantly lower than those in the control group (P<0. 05). After the 3-day and 14-day treatment, CD4 + and CD8 + levels in the observa-tion were significantly higher than those in the control group, and after the 7-day and 14-day treatment, HLA-DR levels were signifi-cantly higher than those in the control group (P<0. 05). The prognosis effect of the observation group was better than that of the con-trol group with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Ulinastatin combined with thymosin α1 is used to treat the patients with acute brain injury with better cellular immune function improvement and prognosis effect, which is worthy of clinical popu-larization and application.

Objective To explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)different planes in the diagnosis of uterine sep-tum.Methods The MR images of 28 cases with hysteroscopy surgery proved congenital uterine septum were analyzed retrospective-ly.The MRI findings in different planes of uterine septum were compared.Results 28 cases of congenital uterine septum malforma-tion were shown by magnetic resonance imaging in different planes.The sensitivity of oblique coronal for the uterine septum was not only higher than the conventional axial and oblique axial,but also higher than normal coronal (P <0.05).The oblique coronal was the most sensitive MRI imaging position for diagnosis of uterine septum,especially for complete uterine septum malformation.The uterine septum morphology and signal characteristics was fully visualized and accurately measured by the oblique coronal T2 WI.The oblique axial T2 WI displayed a continuous cross-sectional image of uterine septum and played a complementary role on the diagnosis of uterine septum.In contrast,a poor display was observed for uterine septum on sagittal plane.Conclusion Congenital uterine sep-tum can be clearly demonstrated by MRI oblique coronal and oblique axial joint application.