Objective To explore the effects of abnormal effective connectivity within the default mode network (DMN)in relapsed patients with major depressive disorder.Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI)data were collected from 21 patients of first-episode depression and 16 patients with relapsed depression,and 37 matched healthy controls.The effective connectivity within the DMN was investigated with spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM)method.Results spDCM analysis showed that the effective connections from left parietal cortex(LPC)to right parietal cortex(RPC)and medial frontal cortex(mPFC)were significantly decreased,while the connection from posterior cingulate cortex(PCC)to mPFC was increased in patients of first episode depression compared to healthy controls.Furthermore,the connectivity between mPFC and LPC were enhanced in patients with recurrent depression compared withhealthy control subjects,as well as PCC.Meanwhile,the connectivity between mPFC and PCC was enhanced in patients with relapse depression compared with patients of first episode depression.Conclusion Both first-episode and relapsed patients demonstrated abnormal effective connectivity of LPC,implicating that abnormal LPC connectivity may be associated with the neural substrates of depression.In contrast,the patients with relapsed depression showed aberrant connectivity with the mPFC,suggesting that abnormal effective connectivity of the mPFC may play an important role in the relapse of depression.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and surgical resection on the treatment of early esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 166 consecutive cases with early EGJ adenocarcinoma in Digestive Endoscopy Center and Department of General Surgery of Shanxi Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2004 to June 2018. Their preoperative assessment conformed to the absolute and expanded criteria of ESD, and postoperative pathological assessment accorded with the absolute and expanded criteria of curative resection. Patients were divided into the ESD group (n=77) and the surgical resection group (n=89), and the recent results (curative resection rate and complications) and long-term results (cumulative survival rate) were compared between the two groups.Results:In the ESD group, 65 (84.4%) patients met the absolute criteria of ESD treatment and 12 (15.6%) patients met the expanded criteria. In the surgical resection group, 60 (67.4%) patients met the absolute criteria of ESD and 29 (32.6%) patients met the expanded criteria. The difference in the composition of ESD criteria was statistically significant between the two groups ( P=0.011). Other baseline indicators showed no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05). In the ESD group, the overall resection rate was 98.7% (76/77), the complete resection rate was 94.8% (73/77), and the curative resection rate was 93.5% (72/77). In the surgical resection group, the curative resection rate was 100.0% (89/89). The difference in the curative resection rate between the two groups was not statistically significant ( P=0.05). In the ESD group, there were 3 (3.9%) cases of intraoperative bleeding, 1 (1.3%) case of early postoperative bleeding, and 2 (2.6%) cases of intraoperative perforation. In the surgical resection group, there was 1 (1.1%) case of intraoperative bleeding, 4 (4.5%) cases of postoperative bleeding, and 2 (2.2%) cases of postoperative anastomotic leakage. There was no death or local recurrence occurred in the both groups within 1 month after treatment. The median follow-up time was 89.3 months (ranged 72.5-105.7 months) in the ESD group and 82.3 months (ranged 69.6-101.0 months) in the surgical treatment group, respectively. There was no tumor-related death or recurrence occurred in the two groups during follow-up. The 5-year survival rate in the ESD group and the surgical resection group was 94.8% (73/77) and 96.6% (86/89), respectively. The difference in the cumulative survival rate was not significant between the two groups ( P=0.648). Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the cumulative survival rate between patients receiving ESD and those receiving surgical resection who met the absolute criteria of ESD ( P=0.449) and met ESD expanded criteria ( P=0.505). Conclusion:For EGJ adenocarcinoma conforming to the ESD treatment absolute and expanded criteria, ESD may be an alternative treatment option to surgery with the comparable long-term outcomes.

Objective:To evaluate the application of a medical image software (RadiAnt) in anatomical measurements and precision craniotomy via suboccipital retrosigmoid sinus approach.Methods:A total of 43 inpatients who underwent craniocerebral CT venography (CTV) in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected for the study; the CTV data of 35 patients was used to measure the spatial relations between transverse sigmoid sinus junction (TSSJ) and asterion; the preoperative planning in suboccipital retrosigmoid sinus craniotomy with the software was performed in the left 8 patients. Craniotomy time (subjected to exposure of venous sinus margin), venous sinus injury and incidence of complications within 2 weeks of craniotomy in these 8 patients were recorded.Results:(1) Anatomic measurement: for the left side, TSSJ was located at (0.89±0.33) cm lateral and (0.63±0.46) cm inferior to the asterion, and their direct distance was (1.15±0.42) cm; TSSJ was located at (0.76±0.49) cm interior and (1.97±0.52) cm superior to the starting point of the mastoid notch, and their direct distance was (2.18±0.49) cm; about 29% asterion were located superior to the transverse sinus, 37% were located on the surface of the transverse sinus, and 34% were located inferior to the transverse sinus. For the right side, TSSJ was located at (0.88±0.39) cm lateral and (0.64±0.43) cm inferior to the asterion, and their direct distance was (1.12±0.54) cm; TSSJ was located at (0.74±0.40) cm interior and (1.93±0.45) cm superior to the starting point of the mastoid notch, and their direct distance was (2.16±0.43) cm; about 26% asterion were located superior to the transverse sinus, 40% were located on the surface of the transverse sinus, and 34% were located inferior to the transverse sinus. (2) Preoperative planning and surgeries: in these 8 patients, the key-hole was located at (0.96±0.49) cm lateral and (0.53±0.18) cm inferior to the asterion, and (0.46±0.35) cm interior and (1.76±0.47) superior to the starting point of mastoid notch. The interior of sigmoid sinus was located (0.13±0.51) cm interior and (0.21±0.46) cm superior to the starting point of mastoid notch. The inferior of the transverse sinus was located (2.17±0.45) cm interior and (0.53±0.35) cm inferior to the asterion. An accurate localization of the real position of TSSJ, inferior of transverse sinus and interior of sigmoid sinus was performed in all 8 surgical patients. The distance between the margin of the bone window and the interior of sigmoid sinus was (3.5±1.0) mm, and the craniotomy time was (25.7±4.1) min; no sinus injury was noted. Post-operative CT showed good reposition of the bone flaps and less bone defect. There was no cerebrospinal fluid leakage or subcutaneous effusion during the 2 weeks of follow-up.Conclusion:Anatomical measurements and preoperative planning can be quickly finished with low cost with Radiant ?, which provides an efficient and safe method for accurate craniotomy via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach.

Background Climbing pylons during high-voltage cable maintenance is not only a labor-intensive task, but also a challenge bringing about heat stress and mental pressure from working at height, which may lead to accumulation of muscle fatigue and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Objective To record the local muscle fatigue during a simulated climbing task by high-voltage cable electricians based on surface electromyography (sEMG) signals, explore the characteristic changes in sEMG signals and their relationship with subjective fatigue evaluation of the task, and provide data support for developing task specific objective assessment tools for local muscle fatigue and prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Methods Ten male college students were recruited to conduct a test of a simulated pylon climbing task. The climbing distance was 60 m, and a task segment was set for every 20 m (about 100 s), recorded as T1, T2, and T3, respectively. After completing each task segment, the subjects were required to rate their subjective fatigue using the Borg's RPE Scale. Fatigue was defined by rating of perceived exertion (RPE) score ≥ 14 in this study. The sEMG signals of trapezius, erector spinae, rectus femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles were recorded wirelessly. The standardized maximal voluntary electrical activation (MVE) obtained by standardizing the root mean square (RMS) of the time domain index and the median frequency (MF) of the frequency domain index were estimated for the recorded sEMG signals, and joint amplitude and spectrum analysis (JASA) was used to evaluate local muscle fatigue of target muscles involving in the climbing task. Results The RPE scores of T1, T2, and T3 were 11.9, 15.3, and 17.4, respectively. Subjective fatigue was found in T2 and T3 but not in T1. With the extension of climbing time, the MVE values of left and right erector spinae muscles, left and right rectus femoris, and right gastrocnemius muscle increased gradually, while the MVE values of left and right trapezius muscles and left gastrocnemius muscle increased first and then decreased. The MF values of left and right rectus femoris increased at first, then remained unchanged, while the MF values of the other muscles remained basically unchanged. In T1, three muscles, including left trapezius muscle and both side of erector spinae muscles, showed fatigue; in T2, five muscles, including both sides of erector spina muscles, right trapezius muscle, and both sides of gastrocnemius muscle appeared fatigue; in T3 , except for left rectus femoris, the other seven muscles were fatigue. Conclusion The characteristic changes of electromyography signals in the simulated climbing task are not completely consistent with the typical amplitude increase and left shift of the frequency spectrum of sEMG signals in static tasks, indicating that the application of time-domain and frequency-domain analysis methods in the evaluation of muscle fatigue in climbing tasks needs further discussion. Trapezius muscles and erector spinae muscles are the first to show fatigue in the simulation, and may be the sensitive muscle groups of muscle fatigue associated with climbing movement. Compared with subjective evaluation, surface electromyography is more sensitive in the assessment of body fatigue. Fatigue is reported about 100 s of climbing (the climbing length is about 20 m).

Background Cumulative fatigue without intervention will seriously threaten the physical and mental health of workers. Shift work and life satisfaction are strongly associated with fatigue accumulation. Objective To explore the effects of life satisfaction, shift work, and their interaction on cumulative fatigue in petrochemical employees, and to provide a scientific basis for preventing cumulative fatigue. Methods All staff of a petrochemical enterprise were selected by cluster sampling for a cross-sectional study from July to October 2021 in Jiangsu Province. A questionnaire designed by the project team was used to collect information on shift work; and life satisfaction and cumulative fatigue were investigated by the World Health Organization Five-item Well-Being Index and the Self-diagnosis Checklist for Assessment of Worker’s Fatigue Accumulation respectively. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the influences of life satisfaction and shift work on cumulative fatigue. Multiplicative and additive models were applied to analyze the interaction effect of life satisfaction and shift work. Results A total of 4066 questionnaires were returned, of which 3763 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 92.5%. The percentage of cumulative fatigue in the petrochemical employees was 63.2% (2377/3763), and the percentages of low life satisfaction and shift work in the petrochemical employees were 53.6% (2016/3763) and 54.2% (2041/3763), respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed no significant difference in cumulative fatigue among different marital status groups (P=0.176), and there were statistically significant differences in cumulative fatigue among the petrochemical employees in different groups of age, gender, educational level, average monthly income, job title, length of service, working hours, night shift, smoking, drinking, physical exercise, life satisfaction, and shift work (P<0.001). After adjustment for covariates such as age, gender, educational level, average monthly income, job title, length of service, working hours, night shift, smoking, drinking, and physical activity, the unconditional logistic regression model showed that the risk of reporting cumulative fatigue in high life satisfaction participants was 0.129 (95%CI: 0.109, 0.154) times of that in participants of low life satisfaction; the risk of reporting cumulative fatigue in shift work participants was 3.792 (95%CI: 2.713, 5.300) times of that in no shift work participants; and the risk of reporting cumulative fatigue in participants with both high life satisfaction and shift work was 0.105 (95%CI: 0.081, 0.135) times of that in participants with low life satisfaction and shift work. The relative excess risk due to interaction, the attributable proportion due to interaction, and the synergy index of coexisting life satisfaction and shift work were −5.504 (95%CI: −7.247, −3.760), −4.728 (95%CI: −7.575, −1.880), and 0.029 (95%CI: 0.002, 0.351) respectively, which suggested that life satisfaction and shift work have an additive interaction effect on cumulative fatigue. A significant multiplicative interaction was also found between life satisfaction and shift work (OR=0.688, 95%CI: 0.476, 0.936). Conclusion Life satisfaction and shift work are the influencing factors of cumulative fatigue among petrochemical employees, and they interact with each other on the risk of cumulative fatigue. High life satisfaction can reduce the risk of accumulated fatigue associated with shift work.

Background Operation and maintenance work in the power grid industry often involving climbing, manual handling, and poor postures causing serious problems like work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The influencing factors of WMSDs are not very clear, but the problem has been widely concerned in this industry. Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs among climbing task-involved workers in power supply enterprises. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 702 workers involving climbing task from 10 power supply enterprises in Jilin Province, Tianjin Municipality, and Shandong province were selected as study subjects using cluster sampling. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire which was revised by Lei Yang was used to estimate the prevalence and identify related factors of WMSDs. \begin{document}$ {\chi ^2} $\end{document} test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 702 subjects were approached, 649 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 92.45%. The prevalence of WMSDs was 81.2%, and neck (65.0%), low back (59.0%), and shoulders (54.4%) were areas of high prevalence of WMSDs. The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that sometimes and often/very often holding awkward postures were the risk factors of neck, shoulders, low back, knees, upper back, hands/wrists, ankles/feet, elbows, and hips/thighs WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.931 (1.260-2.959) and 3.145 (1.810-15.465), 2.700 (1.694-4.305) and 3.888 (2.224-6.798), 1.860 (1.213-2.852) and 3.150 (1.833-5.414), 2.348 (1.456-3.785) and 3.689 (2.130-6.388), 1.782 (1.128-2.815) and 3.274 (1.935-5.538), 1.710 (1.014-2.884) and 2.595 (1.455-4.630), 1.836 (1.019-3.305) and 2.860 (1.526-5.358), 2.250 (1.185-4.275) and 3.032 (1.505-6.108), 2.080 (1.048-4.128) and 3.127 (1.501-6.516), respectively. Department staff shortage was the risk factor of neck, shoulders, low back, upper back, hands/wrists, and ankles/feet WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.791 (1.038-3.093), 2.000 (1.119-3.573), 2.506 (1.429-4.394), 2.063 (1.113-3.822), 2.256 (1.069-4.762), and 2.699 (1.103-6.601), respectively. Frequent knee bending was the risk factor of knees, upper back, and hands/wrists WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.895 (1.327-2.704), 1.586 (1.131-2.224), and 2.026 (1.390-2.951), respectively. Often pushing/pulling heavy objects was the risk factor of shoulders, low back, and hips/thighs WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.485 (1.066-2.192), 1.547 (1.064-2.749), and 1.822 (1.160-2.862), respectively. Long-time heavily neck tilting forward was the risk factor of elbows and hips/thighs WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 1.649 (1.068-2.546) and 2.005 (1.285-3.129) respectively. Long-time ankle or foot bending was the risk factor of ankles/feet and elbows WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 2.481 (1.685-3.655) and 1.655 (1.065-2.571) respectively. Cold or changes in temperature was the risk factor of neck and shoulders WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 2.182 (1.072-4.443) and 2.116 (1.010-4.431) respectively. Exercise was the protective factor of neck, shoulders, low back, upper back, and ankles/feet WMSDs; the OR (95%CI) values were 0.493 (0.363-0.666), 0.625 (0.438-0.888), 0.404 (0.283-0.576), 0.570 (0.408-0.797), and 0.639 (0.436-0.937), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs is high among workers involving climbing task in power supply enterprises, and neck, low back, and shoulders are the most commonly affected body parts. The influencing factors involve awkward postures, repetitive movements, repetitive tasks, pushing/pulling heavy objects, staff shortage, poor working environment, and exercise.

Background Power grid is a basic industry of national economy. The occupational health problems among operation and maintenance workers in this industry have become increasingly prominent in recent years, and they should receive enough attention. Objective To estimate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of neck and shoulder among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and analyze related influencing factors. Methods From March to June 2021, a total of 1433 operation and maintenance worker from 10 power supply enterprises in three provinces of North China were selected as research subjects using cluster sampling method. A revised Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence and ergonomic factors of neck and shoulder pain in the past year. χ² test and logistic regression model were used to explore influencing factors of neck and shoulder pain among operation and maintenance workers. Results A total of 1343 valid questionnaires were recovered and the effective recovery rate was 93.72%. The neck pain prevalence was 66.0% (886 cases) and the shoulder pain prevalence was 54.1% (727 cases). The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that often/very often long-time sitting (OR=1.864, 95%CI: 1.236-2.811; OR=1.659, 95%CI: 1.091-2.524), sometimes holding awkward postures (OR=1.695, 95%CI: 1.294-2.219; OR=1.596, 95%CI: 1.218-2.092), often/very often holding awkward postures (OR=2.416, 95%CI: 1.618-3.607; OR=2.058, 95%CI: 1.405-3.015), long-time slight neck tilting forward (OR=1.327, 95%CI: 1.023-1.722; OR=1.571, 95%CI: 1.221-2.022), long-time elbows bending (OR=1.327, 95%CI: 1.023-1.722; OR=1.506, 95%CI: 1.112-2.040) and department or team staff shortages (OR=1.578, 95%CI: 1.153-2.161; OR=1.831, 95%CI: 1.320-2.539) were associated with higher neck and shoulder pain prevalence rates. While exercise (OR=0.630, 95%CI: 0.492-0.809; OR=0.707, 95%CI: 0.557-0.899) was associated with lower neck and shoulder pain prevalence rates. Doing same work every day (OR=1.704, 95%CI: 1.305-2.225) was associated with a higher neck pain prevalence rate. Awkward postures with ineffectual force (OR=1.808, 95%CI: 1.226-2.665) and often keeping arms above shoulders (OR=1.424, 95%CI: 1.017-1.992) were associated with a higher shoulder pain prevalence rate. Conclusion The prevalence rates of neck and shoulder pian are high among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises in selected three provinces of North China, and the main associated factors include individual factors, awkward work postures, and labor organization.

Background Long working hours is harmful to the physical and mental health of occupational groups, and should receive active attention. Objective To evaluate the current status of long working hours among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and explore its effects on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the population. Methods From March to June 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1433 operation and maintenance workers from 10 power supply enterprises in Jilin Province, Shandong Province, and Tianjin Municipality using cluster sampling. A total of 1433 copies of revised Mus-culoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire were distributed, 1343 questionnaires were recovered, and the recovery rate was 93.72%. The questionnaire included general information, personal health behaviors, weekly working hours, work-related factors, and musculoskeletal pain or discomfort in nine body parts in the past 12 months. χ² test and multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationships between long working hours (>40 h per week) and WMSDs. Results The average age of the workers was (39.42±9.89) years, and the average work experience was 11.00 (5.00, 21.00) years. There were 1158 males (86.22%) and 185 females (13.78%). The average weekly working hours of the workers were (47.98±11.35) h, and the proportion of long working hours (>40 h per week) was 61.06% (820/1343). The proportions of long working hours were higher among the workers with characteristics of male, power distribution, shift work, often/very often long-time standing, often/very often holding awkward postures, often handling heavy objects, limited space to operate, long-time neck tilting backward, keeping arms above shoulders, frequent elbow bending, repeating knee movement every minute, and repeating lower limb or foot movement every minute (all P<0.05). The prevalence rate of WMSDs was 81.53% (1095/1343) among the workers. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that after adjusting education, smoking, exercise, awkward postures, often handling heavy objects, limited space to operate, long-time heavy trunk bending, long-time neck tilting backward, and keeping arms above shoulders, compared with working ≤40 h per week, the risk of WMSDs among workers working >49 h per week was higher (OR=1.406, 95%CI: 1.011-1.955). Conclusion Long working hours is prominent among operation and maintenance workers of power supply enterprises, and increases the risk of reporting WMSDs.

Senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) is a stable growth arrest that is implicated in liver fibrosis regression. Senescent cells often accompanied by a multi-faceted senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). But little is known about how alanine-serine-cysteine transporter type-2 (ASCT2), a high affinity glutamine transporter, affects HSC senescence and SASP during liver fibrosis. Here, we identified ASCT2 is mainly elevated in aHSCs and positively correlated with liver fibrosis in human and mouse fibrotic livers. We first discovered ASCT2 inhibition induced HSCs to senescence in vitro and in vivo. The proinflammatory SASP were restricted by ASCT2 inhibition at senescence initiation to prevent paracrine migration. Mechanically, ASCT2 was a direct target of glutaminolysis-dependent proinflammatory SASP, interfering IL-1α/NF-κB feedback loop via interacting with precursor IL-1α at Lys82. From a translational perspective, atractylenolide III is identified as ASCT2 inhibitor through directly bound to Asn230 of ASCT2. The presence of -OH group in atractylenolide III is suggested to be favorable for the inhibition of ASCT2. Importantly, atractylenolide III could be utilized to treat liver fibrosis mice. Taken together, ASCT2 controlled HSC senescence while modifying the proinflammatory SASP. Targeting ASCT2 by atractylenolide III could be a therapeutic candidate for liver fibrosis.

Exploiting cells as vehicles combined with nanoparticles combined with therapy has attracted increasing attention in the world recently. Red blood cells, leukocytes and stem cells have been used for tumor immunotherapy, tissue regeneration and inflammatory disorders, and it is known that neutrophils can accumulate in brain lesions in many brain diseases including depression. -Acetyl Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) peptide shows high specific binding affinity to neutrophils through the CXCR2 receptor. In this study, PGP was used to modify baicalein-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PGP-SLNs) to facilitate binding to neutrophils . Brain-targeted delivery to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) was demonstrated by enhanced concentration of baicalein in the BLA. An enhanced anti-depressant effect was observed and The mechanism involved inhibition of apoptosis and a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase release. Behavioral evaluation carried out with rats demonstrated that anti-depression outcomes were achieved. The results indicate that PGP-SLNs decrease immobility time, increase swimming time and climbing time and attenuate locomotion in olfactory-bulbectomized (OB) rats. In conclusion, PGP modification is a strategy for targeting the brain with a cell-nanoparticle delivery system for depression therapy.