ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of traumatic brain injury on the expressions of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) in brain tissue of rats.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control, sham surgery and injury groups. The rats of injury groups were subjected to Marmarou's closed traumatic brain injury and then were subdivided into 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 5 d subgroups according to the time elapsed after injury. The expressions of GDNF were studied with immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn control group, mild expressions of GDNF were observed in cortex, hippocampus and brain stem of rats. The number of GDNF positive neurons reached the peak level at 2 h in cortex after injury, and lasted for 5 d. In hippocampus and brain stem, the number of that also reached the peak level at 2 h, and lasted for 72 h.ConclusionThe expressions of GDNF increased significantly at the early time in cortex, hippocampus and brain stem of rats after injury. The significant expression of GDNF lasted longer in cortex.

Objective To study the effects of stereotactic technique on hypertensive basal ganglion hemorrhage. Methods 160 patients with hypertensive basal ganglion hemorrhage were divided into 2 groups: surgical group （132 cases）and conservative group （28 cases）. They were assessed with clinical neurologic impairment scale before and 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment. The incidence of rehemorrhage was compared. Results The neurologic impairment scores in surgical group and conservative group were (33.90±3.54) and (33.61±3.82) before treatment (P>0.05), (20.89±3.10) and (26.18±3.61) 2 weeks after treatment (P<0.01), (10.28±2.01) and (15.68±3.28) 4 weeks after treatment (P<0.01), respectively. The incidence of rehemorrhage in surgical group and conservative group were 6.1% and 10.7% (P>0.05), respectively. Conclusion The stereotactic technique may recover neurological function much faster.

Objective To investigate the effect of traumatic brain injury on the expressions of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptors in brain stem of rats.Methods 55 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the normal control group, sham surgery group and injury groups. The rats of injury groups were subjected to Marmarou's closed traumatic brain injury and then were subdivided into 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 5 d groups according to the time elapsed after injury. The expressions of GDNF and its receptors (GFRα-1 and Ret) were tested with immunohistochemistry.Results Mild expressions of GDNF and its receptors were observed in brain stem of rats in the normal control group and sham surgery group. The number of GDNF positive neurons reached the peak level at 2 h in brain stem after injury, and that of GFRα-1 and Ret positive neurons reached the peak level at 4 h after injury.Conclusion The expressions of GDNF and its receptors increase significantly at the early time in brain stem of rats after injury. The similar temporal patterns of expressions of GDNF and its receptors are observed in brain stem after brain injury.

Objective To investigate the expressions of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)and its receptors,GFRα-1 and Ret,in cortex of rats after closed traumatic cerebral injury.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control,sham and injury groups.The rats of injury groups were subjected to Marmarou's closed traumatic cerebral injury and then were subdivided into 1 h,2 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h and 5 d groups according to the time elapsed after injury.The expression of GDNF and its receptors were determined with immunohistochemistry.Results Mild expression of GDNF and its receptors were observed in cortex of rats in control groups.The number of GDNF positive neurons reached the peak level in cortex 2 h after injury,and that of GFRα-1 and Ret positive neurons reached the peak level 4 h after injury.Conclusion The expressions of GDNF and its receptors increased significantly at the early time in cortex of rats after injury,as well as its receptors.It suggests that GDNF and its receptors play an important role after traumatic cerebral injury.

Objective To study the effect of traumatic brain injury on the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)and its receptors in hippocampus of rats.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control,sham group and injury groups.The rats of injury groups were subjected to Marmarou's closed traumatic brain injury and then were subdivided into 1 h,2 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h and 5 d groups according to the time elapsed after injury.The expression of GDNF and its receptors were measured with immunohistochemistry.Results Mild expression of GDNF and its receptors were observed in hippocampus of rats in control group.The number of GDNF positive neurons reached the peak level in hippocampus 2 h after injury,and that of GFRα-1 and Ret positive neurons reached the peak level 4 h after injury.Conclusion The expression of GDNF and its receptors were increased significantly at the early time in hippocampus of rats after injury in a similar temporal patterns after brain injury.

Objective To assess the effect of polygonum peffoliatum L on the expression of Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) in hepatic fibrosis rats induced by Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) . Methods Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into six groups, after the model of HF rat induced by DMN and intervened by different concentrations of Polygonum perfoliatum L. Conventional flaking of liver and HE were used to observed histopathological change. Immunohistochemstry was used to detect HIF-1αand VEGF in hepatic tissues of hepatic fibrosis rats. Results The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in hepatic fibrosis rats of the high dose of Polygonum perfoliatum L from (-) to (3 +) were one , nine, one, zero and one, eight, two, zero, respectively. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in hepatic fibrosis rats of the middle dose of Polygonum perfoliatum L from (-) to (3 +)were one , seven, two, zero and one, six, three, zero, respectively. Compared with the model group, the high and middle dose of Polygonum perfoliatum L can reduce the expression of HIF-1 oand VEGF in hepatic fibrosis rats (P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusions Polygonum peffoliatum L has a good curative effect of anti hepatic fibrosis. Its therapeutic mechanism mainly maybe due to adjust the metabolism of extracellular matrix by decreasing HIF-1 αand VEGF expression.

Objective To evaluate the curative efficacy and safety of PINS deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease.Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the 49 patients with Parkinson's disease who had been subjected to the PINS DBS surgery from January 2013 through June 2016 at our department.They were 23 males and 26 females,aged from 40 to 77 years (average,63.2 years).There were 36 cases of bilateral disease and 13 ones of unilateral disease.They all received implantation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) electrode for PINS DBS.The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Ⅱ/Ⅲ and the 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) were used for assessment of each patient preoperation,3 months and one year postoperation.The operation-associated complications were recorded.Results Thirty-six patients underwent bilateral electrode implantation and 13 unilateral electrode implantation.The head MRI follow-ups showed that all the electrodes were accurately placed in the STN.Follow-ups also showed that the symptoms were improved in all cases.The UPDRS Ⅱ /Ⅲ and PDQ-39 scores at 3 months after operation were respectively 11.71±5.28,18.30±8.11 and 32.94±15.07,significantly lower than the values before DBS (14.37±6.24,26.82±14.75 and 43.76±17.42,respectively) (all P＜0.05).The UPDRS Ⅱ/Ⅲ and PDQ-39 scores at one year postoperation were respectively 9.65±4.88,16.96±9.97 and 30.16±10.15,showing no significant differences from the values at 3 months after operation (P＞0.05).Complications were not present associated with pacemaker hardware,system or electrical stimulation.Conclusions PINS DBS may repair the neurological function in patients with Parkinson's disease,obviously ameliorating their symptoms of movement disorder,living ability and life quality.The operation is safe,leading to no obvious complications.Regular modulation of the stimulation parameters assure stable curative efficacy.