To enhance speech recognition, as well as Mandarin tone recognition in noice, we proposed a speech coding strategy called zero-crossing of fine structure in low frequency (LFFS) for cochlear implant based on low frequency non-uniform sampling (LFFS for short). In the range of frequency perceived boundary of human ear, we used zero-crossing time of the fine structure to generate the stimulus pulse sequences based on the frequency selection rule. Acoustic simulation results showed that although on quiet background the performance of LFFS was similar to continuous interleaved sampling (CIS), on the noise background the performance of LFFS in Chinese tones, words and sentences were significantly better than CIS. In addition to this, we also got better Mandarin recognition factors distribution by using the improved index distribution model. LFFS contains more tonal information which was able to effectively improve Mandarin recognition of the cochlear implant.
Acoustics ; Cochlear Implants ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Language ; Noise ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Speech Perception

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of continuous pair triangular flap plasty in the treatment of webbed penis.Methods:The clinical data of 5 patients with webbed penis treated by continuous pair triangular flap plasty in Tianjin Baodi Hospital from November 2020 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The average age was 18.2 (15-24) years old. Physical examination showed a webbed fusion between the ventral skin of the penis and the scrotal skin, the penoscrotal angle disappeared and penile erection was limited. The web extended to or exceeded the middle of the penis in the 5 cases. None of the 5 patients had other penile malformations. Taking the ventral midline of the penis and the junction of the penis and scrotum as the origin, a " Z-shaped" incision was made above and below it respectively, and two triangular flaps with the same size and shape but opposite direction were formed respectively. Then the triangular flaps were switched and sutured.Results:The average operation time of five patients was 13(10-20) minutes. The operative average blood loss was 1.6(1-3)ml. All patients had good wound healing and no surgical complications. Three months after operation, the appearance of the penis was satisfactory and erection was unrestricted.Conclusions:Continuous pair triangular flap plasty overcomes the disadvantages of traditional operation, and has the advantages of simple operation, good operation results and few complications. It is a good choice for the treatment of webbed penis.

AIM:To perform a multidimensional analysis of the clinical study characteristics of endo-metriosis based on the ClinicalTrials.gov,providing comprehensive and objective information for re-searchers,clinicians,and clinical pharmacists.METHODS:A thorough investigation was conduct-ed on clinical trials related to endometriosis,regis-tered on the ClinicalTrials.gov from its inception to October 20,2023.Relevant trial data were extract-ed and statistically analyzed using bibliometrics and comparative research methods.RESULTS:A to-tal of 667 endometriosis clinical studies were regis-tered globally,showing an annual increase.The United States(127 trials),France(70 trials),and Ita-ly(57 trials)had the highest number of registered trials.Interventional studies were predominant(416 trials,62.4%),followed by observational stud-ies(251 trials,37.6%).Within interventional stud-ies,drug therapy was the primary intervention(223 trials,53.6%).Despite endometriosis being a female condition,male subjects were also consid-ered,with 6 trials specifically requiring male partici-pants and 37 trials not restricting gender.Compa-nies/corporations were the main funding sources,while public and governmental organizations pro-vided relatively less funding.CONCLUSION:Clinical trial research on endometriosis is in a phase of growth,with drug therapy being the main treat-ment approach.However,there is a relative lack of investment and attention from public funds and governmental organizations.

AIM:To evaluate the clinical effective-ness and safety of generic and branded dienogest in the treatment of endometriosis.so as to provide the basis for clinical use of dienogest.MEHTODS:The data of patients admitted to Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2022 to August 2023 who received dienogest(2 mg/d,orally,for 6 months)for treatment of endometrio-sis were collected.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of generic drugs and original drugs in the treatment of endometriosis-related pain were com-pared through follow-up surveys of the two groups of patients at 3 months and 6 months respectively.RESULTS:There was highly significant reduction in pelvic pain in both groups with mean of similar in generic group(34.0±3.0)mm and branded group(34.5±3.9)mm.The most frequent drug-related ad-verse effects in generic dienogest was vaginal bleeding(93%)which was no statistical difference with branded dienogest(90%).CONCLUSION:The generic and branded dienogest have the same clini-cal effectiveness and similar safety.