Heat shock protein 27 is one of the members of the small heat shock protein family.Its molecular chaperone function and the interaction with the cell death pathway mediate cell survival under the stress state.The expression of heat shock protein 27 in ischemic lesions and remote areas and its changes in phosphorylation levels during cerebral ischemia is associated with neuronal tolerance to ischemia.However,the neuroprotective mechanism of heat shock protein 27 in cerebral ischemic tolerance still remains unclear.This article reviews the roles of heat shock protein 27 in cerebral ischemic tolerance and its potential mechanism.

BACKGROUNDTo profile the expression patterns of 60 lung cancer related genes in human bronchial epithelial cell (BEP2D) and alpha-particle induced malignantly transformed cell (R15Hp35T-2).

METHODSSixty lung cancer related cDNAs were micro-arrayed onto the microscope slides using Cartesian PixSys5500 cDNA Microarray machine. Total RNA from BEP2D cell and R15Hp35T-2 cell was extracted and labeled by fluorescent dye. The labeled probe was then hybridized with the cDNA.

RESULTSCompared with the BEP2D cell, 27 genes up-regulated and 7 down-regulated in the R15Hp35T-2 cell. The expression abundance of most tumor suppressor genes were similar in the two kinds of cells, however, most oncogenes and growth factor genes were overexpressed in R15Hp35T-2 cell.

CONCLUSIONSIn malignantly transformed human bronchial epithelial cell model induced by alpha-particle, some oncogenes and growth factor genes may promote the malignant transformation together.

Objective:To evaluate the value and identify the prognosic factors of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in completely resected stage Ⅲ(pN 2) lung adenocarcinoma patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods:Clinical data of 172 patients with stage Ⅲ(pN 2) EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma who underwent radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy from 2009 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy combining two drugs for>4 cycles, and divided into the PORT group and the non-PORT group. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan- Meier method and log-rank test, and multivariate prognostic analysis was performed by Cox’s regression model. Results:Among 172 patients, the median overall survival (OS), 3-year and 5-year OS rates were 40 months, 55.9% and 28.3%, respectively. The median disease-free survival (DFS), 3-year and 5-year DFS rates were 17 months, 24.5% and 13.0%, respectively. DFS was significantly improved in the PORT group (29 months vs. 13 months, P=0.001), whereas OS did not significantly differ between two groups (51 months vs. 38 months, P=0.151). In subgroup analysis, DFS of patients with multistation N 2 or the number of N 2 metastases of≥3 or skip N 2 in the PORT group was significantly longer ( P<0.05), whereas PORT exerted no significant effect on OS ( P>0.05). Conclusions:For patients with completely resected stage Ⅲ(N 2) EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, PORT might increase DFS and have a trend toward longer OS. However, these findings remain to be validated by large sample size investigations.

BACKGROUNDTo screen and identify differentially expressed genes among lung cancer tissues, paracancerous pulmonary tissues and some other kinds of tumor tissues using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and cDNA Microarray.

METHODSOne cDNA chip was made by gathering clones of three differentially expressed cDNA libraries which came from BEP2D cell lines during three different malignant transformed phases. Then the clones were hybridizated with cDNA probes which extracted from 15 cases of lung cancer tissues, 5 cases of paracancerous pulmonary tissues and 24 cases of other 8 kinds of tumor tissues respectively.

RESULTSTwenty-six cDNAs were obtained which expressed higher in lung cancer tissues than that in paracancerous pulmonary tissues. Thirty-one cDNAs expressed remarkably higher in paracancerous tissues than those in cancer tissues. Compared with other 8 kinds of tumors, paracancerous tissues had 63 overexpressed cDNAs and lung cancer tissues had 87 overexpressed cDNAs.

CONCLUSIONSThe combination of SSH and cDNA microarray is rapid and effective for screening and identification of differentially expressed genes in different samples. It may be potentially useful for diagnosis of lung cancer to further study the differentially expressed genes among lung cancer tissues, paracancerous pulmonary tissues and other tumor tissues.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of invasive fungal infections(IFI) in PICU and analyze the risk factors for diagnosis and treatment earlier.Methods The clinical data of patients with IFI hospitalized in PICU from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively studied.Results There were 179 cases of patients with positive fungal cultures,of which 49 cases were IFI.There were 23 males and 26 females,the mean age was (3.87 ± 2.42) years.A total of 47 cases had underlying diseases.In positive specimen,there were 36 cases of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or sputum cultures,14 cases of blood cultures,7 cases of urinary cultures,3 cases of thoracic/ascites cultures,2 cases of bone marrow cultures,and 1 case of cerebrospinal fluid culture.There were 12 cases who had at least two sites infection at the same time.A total of 53 strains of fungal pathogens were cultivated,among which 45 cases were candida,5 cases were aspergillus,and 3 cases were penicillium marneffei,and 4 cases had two fungal infections.The presence of underlying diseases,blood transfusions,use of antibiotics/glucocorticoids/immunosuppressors,invasive procedures,and long hospital stays were risk factors (all P ＜ 0.05).Drug susceptibility analysis showed that all strains were sensitive to antifungal drugs of amphotericin B/liposomes,azoles and echinocandins,except 1 case of Candida utilis,1 case of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 1 case of Candida lusitaniae.There were 26 patients only treated with one antifungal drug and 23 had combined drugs.All patients had fever.Eleven patients developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and 6 died.Conclusion There are no specific clinical manifestations for children with IFI and with critical condition and high mortality.Candida is the most common fungal infection.The lung is the most common part of infection.The children of IFI with risk factors such as underlying diseases,blood transfusions,use of antibiotics/glucocorticoids/immunosuppressors,invasive procedures and long hospital stays,should be identified in combination with laboratory examination and use antifungal drugs rationally as early as possible.