This paper analyzed the effects of prosthesis selection and surgical technique in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on patellofemoral joint biomechanics, patella movement track and prosthesis rotational alignment to explore the mechanics-related factors of knee joint function and prosthesis service life after TKA. Traditional anatomic landmark line lacks of accuracy due to various factors, so there is no uniform linear localization for tibial prosthesis. Femoral epicondylar axis functions as the reference axis of prosthesis rotational alignment in TKA, which can achieve ideal patellofemoral joint biomechanics, and reduce postoperative complications. 1/3 line of medial border to moderate medial border of the tibial tubercle is regarded as the ideal rotational interval o the tibial prosthesis, and introversion and extroversion degrees of the knee joint are determinant of linear localization. Knee symptoms and function are significantly improved after fixed and mobile-bearing arthroplasties. These two kinds of prosthesis do no significantly vary in knee joint, pain, function, and patella scores as well as radiography. However, the knee motions during maximum flexion in the mobile-bearing arthroplasty are smaller than in the fixed one. It has been proven by experimental studie that mobile-bearing arthroplasty shows wearing resistance and joint movement superior over the fixed one, but there is no agreemen in clinical studies.

Objective To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation.Methods 38 patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results and Conclusion According to the manifestation of MRI and the symptoms,6 cases accepted conservation treatment,and the other 32 cases accepted surgery with different styles.All the patients recovered in some degrees.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of supinator syndrome.Methods 11 patients with supinator syndrome definitely diagnosed were treated with conservation treatment, 4 ineffective cases with conservation treatment were treated with operation. The following-up was performed for 6～12 months to evaluate the therapeutic effect.Results Among the total 7 patients received conservation treatment, 5 cases recovered completely, the other 2 cases recovered partially; among the total 4 patients who received operations, 3 cases recovered completely, and the other one recovered partially.Conclusion At present, supinator syndrome can be diagnosed definitely according to the clinical symptom, and the examination with electromyogram is beneficial to diagnose this disease, but it has not specificity. Most patients of supinator syndrome often get satisfactory effects after conservation treatment, and the ones who are failed can get the improvement from surgical treatment timely.

Objective To disclose the inter-species differences among Papaver somniferum L, Papaver rhoeas L and Cannabis sativa L using AFLP analysis. MethodsThe root, stem, foliage, flower, seed of Papaver somniferum L, foliage of Papaver rhoeas L and Cannabis sativa L were collected respectively. DNA was isolated with AxyPrep Kit, and double-digested by EcoR I and Mse I, then oligonucleotide adapters were ligated. After Pre-amplification, selective amplification was performed using 6 pairs of fluorescent primer. The DNA fragments were analyzed using a CEQ 8000 DNA Fragment Analyzer. Results27 to 46, 5 to 20 and 4 to 31 pieces of amplified products were detected from Papaver somniferum L, Cannabis sativa L and Papaver rhoeas L respectively, and significant difference was observed among these three groups of products. The identical species-specific peaks were identified from root, stem, leaf, flower and seed DNA from the same Papaver somniferum L. ConclusionThe diacritical results from Papaver somniferum L, Papaver rhoeas L and Cannabis sativa L, as well as the identical results of different parts from the same plant demonstrated that AFLP analysis could be used possibly to determine the species origin of unknown plants samples.

The peacekeeping area in Sudan belongs to the tropical rain forest climate with heavy rain water and large air humidity. The power supply by diesel engine is unsteady. The peacekeeping persons will be replaced every 8 months because of the demand of peacekeeping mission. Because of the above reasons, the dental instruments are easily damaged. According to the above three characteristics, the dental chair and accessories, dental X-ray system and steam sterilizer are effectively maintained to guarantee dental medical treatments in peacekeeping operation in Sudan.

Vitrification provides a rapid cooling to induce glass-like solidification inside cells and protect cell membrane and cytoskeleton system free of injury by ice crystals.The main factors that can influence the effect of vitrification are the size of ovarian tissue, the kind of cryoprotectants, the method of permeation, carrier system and so on. Ovarian tissue structure is very complex, and there is no uniform standardized protocol of vitrification yet.This paper presents also the current problems of ovarian tissue vitrification.

Objective Acquiring genetic information of Y-SNPs and Y-STRs genetic makers from samples with the surname of Kong, which is useful for exploring the correlation between surname and Y chromosome in forensic applications studies.Methods Two multiplex genotyping assays and SNaPshot assay were used to analyze 255 unrelated male blood samples who share the same surname Kong and 330 unrelated male blood samples obtained randomly. 17 Y-STRs were typed for the surname Kong population samples. The software Arlequin 3.5.1.2 and the program Network 4.6.1.1 were used for data statistical analysis.Results 13 haplogroups were observed. The highest haplogroup frequency in the two populations were O3a2c1a-M117 (21.57%, 14.85%). 196 haplotypes in Kong population deifned by 17 Y-STRs locus were obtained and the haplotype diversity was 0.9939. 14-12-25-28-19-15-12-19-12-11-12-22-12-11-14-10-19 is the typical haplotype. Median Joining algorithm and Mismatch Distribution were adopted to analyze the Y-STR haplotye under haplogroup O3-M122, and the result shows that there are two “central star” distribution. Conclusion Combined with Y-SNP and Y-STR analysis showed that the Kong population had experienced complicated exchanges and expansion or continued growth, which has more than one surname origin. Hence, its population genetic structure and historical differences have potential applications in forensic science.

Objective To improve the gene targeting efficiency with C57BL/6 embryonic stem ( ES) cells.Meth-ods Three different genetically modified C57BL/6 ES cell lines, named TLX3, Ai3K and SL, were microinjected into ICR, B6( Cg)-Tyrc-2J and BALB/c mouse blastocysts, respectively.The efficiency was statistically evaluated according to three aspects:blastocyst collection, chimera production and germline transmission.Results None of the three ES cell lines was germline transmitted with B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J mice as blastocyst donors, while it was achieved with both BALB/c and ICR mouse blastocysts.Compared in the aspect of blastocysts collection, ICR mouse was much better than BALB/c mouse (P<0.05), and the chimera production efficiency of ICR mouse was comparable to that of BALB/c mouse (P =0.115). As to the germline transmission efficiency, that of BALB/c mice is significantly higher than that of the ICR mice ( P<0.01).Conclusions The germline transmission efficiency of BALB/c mouse is highest among these three mouse strains. However, it has the disadvantages of blastocyst collection, developmental delay and zona pellucida fragility, compared with ICR mouse.Therefore, ICR mouse is also a good candidate as blastocyst donor for embryonic stem cell microinjection.

Objective To establish a simple , fast and economic total DNA extraction method to serve the rapid identification of model mouse genotype in large number of mice .Methods Three methods, i.e.phenol extraction, isopropyl alcohol precipitation and mouse ear boiling methods were used to extract the total DNA from ten C 57-rasmodel mice.The purity and yield of DNA obtained by the three methods were compared , and polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) assay was used to compare the efficacy of the three extraction methods .Results Among the three methods , phenol extraction was the best and isopropyl alcohol precipitation was the poorest in DNA yield .In terms of DNA purity , the phenol extraction was the best and the mouse ear boiling method was the poorest .All the three methods could be used to extract the total DNA from mice serving as template of PCR reaction for the mouse genotype identification .The time consumption of three methods are 12.5 hr ,13 hr and 0.18 hr.Mouse ear boiling method was significantly lower than that of the other two methods ( P <0.01 ) ,.The obtained total DNA can be stored at conventional -20℃for 7 days and 30 days later still can be used as a template for PCR reaction .Conclusions Among the three methods studied , the mouse ear boiling method is simple and with the lowest cost , so it is feasible for total DNA extraction in scaled genotyping experiments .

Objective To test and analyze the genetic background of highly immunodeficient mice from different sources.Methods Four highly immunodeficient mouse strains from different sources of NOD background were collected. 30 microsatellite DNA sites were detected, and the genotype can be displayed by gel electrophoresis and STR scanning. Results 17 microsatellite sites exhibit polymorphism in 20 mice of the four groups.There were 30 homozygous loci in the mice of groups A and B, and heterozygous in the other two groups.The genetic distance is minimum between groups A and B, showing a higher genetic similarity.Conclusions The genetic backgrounds are different in highly immunodeficient mice from different sources.