SUMMARY Left ventricular noncompaction(LVNC)is a rare congenital disorder of endomyocardial morphogenesis.Since the knowledge of aetiology and pathology is accumulating,the 2006 AHA cardiomyopathy classification sorts LVNC as one of the primary genetic cardiomyopathies.The clinical features of LVNC,however,is not as clear as its aetiology.We summarized the manifestation,hemodynamics,natural course,diagnosis,therapy and prognosis of LVNC by analyzing its clinical features of 2 cases and reviewing the latest related articles.

Objectives To observe the anesthetic effects of an improved anesthetic method on goat by comparing with the original method, and to provide theoretical and practical reference for anesthesia during the establishment of goat models.Methods A total of 72 goats were selected to make tibial fracture models, 36 were enrolled as group A and others as group B.The group A was injected with Sumianxin and diazepam.The group B was injected with Sumianxin, diazepam and pumped propofol by intravenous pump.The times of animal struggle, total dose of additional Sumianxin, death rate, and recovery time were evaluated.Results The death rate of group A was 16.67% and there was no death in the group B.The times of struggle, the total dose of additional Sumianxin and the recovery time of the group A were higher than group B, showing a significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusions The improved anesthetic method can decrease the times of goat struggle times, reduce the dose of anaesthetics, and lower the death rate.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of speckle-tracking echocardiography in detecting left atrial (LA) function impairment in early hypertensive (HT) patients.Methods Echocardiography was performed in 154 HT patients with LA volume index ＜28 ml/m2 and 64 age/gender-matched control subjects.LA global longitudinal strain in late diastole (Sa),systole (Ss),and total strain (Stot =Sa + Ss),strain rate in late diastole (SRa),systole (SRs),and early diastole (SRe) were measured using off-line speckle-tracking analyzing software in apical 4 chamber view.Results Both parameters reflecting LA reservoir function [Stot (23.7 ± 6.0) ％ vs (25.7 ± 5.9) ％,p =0.03 and SRs ( 1.2 ± 0.3) s- 1 vs ( 1.3 ±0.3) s-1,P =0.03]and conduit function [Ss (12.0 ± 5.1)％ vs (14.0±5.7)％,P =0.02 and SRe (1.0 ± 0.4)s- 1 vs ( 1.2 ± 0.4)s- 1,p ＜0.001 ]decreased significantly in HT group than control,while LA pump function parameters (Sa and SRa) had no differences.Ss,Stot and SRe correlated significantly with HT and HT duration.Conclusions LA phasic function are impaired in HT patients with normal LA size.Speckle tracking echocardiography is a promising tool for the early detection of LA dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the stabilization and clinical feasibility of 915MHz implanted microwave ablation equipment through experiential study on the ablation of vitro porcine livers.Methods Equipment of KY-2000 microwave ablation was used,which is produced by Kangyou microwave energy institution in Nanjing.Microwave frequency was 915MHz(?1%).Rigid implanted microwave antennae with internal sodium chloride cooling were directly implanted into vitro porcine livers,and ablations were performed in differential irradiation powers.Continuous and pulsed wave irradiation patterns can be selected,and lasted 600s and 1200s respectively.Results This equipment is safe and stable.The shapes of ablation lesions are all elliptical.Conclusion The ablation lesions can be effectively enlarged by implanted 915MHz microwave.After further experiences in vivo animal,it will be applied in ablation treatment of large liver tumors.

Objective: To observe the morphological changes on cochlear hair cells of rats in simulated weightlessness and inboard noise and to investigate the different changes in three turns of hair cells.Methods: Thirty-two healthy SD rats, all males, were randomly divided into four groups: control group, weightlessness group, noise group and weightlessness+noise groups (n=8).Then rats were exposed to-30° head down tilt as simulated weightlessness and inboard noise including steady-state noise which was (72±2) dB SPL and impulse noise up to 160 dB SPL in spaceship environment.The control group was kept in normal condition for 8 weeks.Bilateral auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were tested before and after exposure respectively, and immunofluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEMs) of basilar membrane were applied after exposure.Results: ABR threshold shifts of each group were higher after exposure.There was difference between ABRs of the experiment groups before and after exposure (P<0.05).IF showed that the inner hair cells (IHCs) missing was the main damage in the basal turn of weightlessness group, the hair cells in the middle turn were swell and in the top turn, the hair cells were not clear.In noise group, the main loss happened in the outer hair cells (OHCs) of the outermost layer.In weightlessness+noise group, the nuclear missing in the basal turn was apparent, and mainly happened at the outermost layer.Meanwhile, the missing of hair cells in the middle turn and top turn was seen at the innermost layer.SEM showed that the cilia in the basal turn of weightlessness group were serious lodging, and occasional absence.Furthermore, the basal cilia in noise group became lodged and absent, and the other two turns were seriously missing.And in weightlessness+noise group, the cilia missing in the basal turn was apparently seen.The damage degree of the four groups: weightlessness+noise group>noise group>weightlessness group>control group and the damage degree of the four turns of hair cells: basal turn>mid turn>top turn.Conclusion: The rats exposed to the above environment for 2 weeks displayed obvious changes in cochlea morphology, and the weightlessness+noise group had the most obvious damage.

This study is to investigate the tumor invasion and metastasis inhibition effects of the immunoconjugate composed of lidamycin and anti-type IV collagenase monoclonal antibody Fab' fragment. Boyden chamber assay was used to evaluate the influence of Fab'-LDM on HT-1080 cells invasion ability, gelatinase spectrum was used to measure the change of invasion factor MMP-2 and MMP-9's secretion, and RT-PCR was adopted to determine TIMP-1 mRNA expression level. The immunoconjugate inhibition of tumor in situ metastasis was also tested in nude mice. The Fab'-LDM conjugates had dose-dependent inhibition effect on HT-1080 cells' invasion. At the concentrations of 5 and 10 nmol L(-1), the Fab'-LDM inhibited the invasion by (60 +/- 12) % and (79 +/- 11) % respectively. At the concentration of 5 and 10 nmol L(-1), the Fab'-LDM inhibited the secretion of MMP-2 by (42 +/- 8) % and (54 +/- 6) % and that of MMP-9 by (57 +/- 3) % and (87 +/- 1) %, respectively. RT-PCR indicated that conjugates increased the anti-invasion factor TIMP-1 level. The in vivo experiment showed that, compared with the control group, the tumor inhibition rate in Fab', Fab'-LDM, and LDM group equaled to (30 +/- 13) %, (86 +/- 26) %, (74 +/- 22) % respectively. In conclusion, Fab'-LDM could inhibit the invasion and metastasis of tumor and it might be a new tumor biotherapy agent.

Background To report quality control methods and baseline reproducibility data of the ultrasound measurements of carotid artery intima-media thickness in the project of Establishment of an Integrated System for Coronary Heart Disease Prevention and Treatment.Methods Standard ultrasound scanning and measuring protocols were established by the study group.All sonographers and readers were trained by the carotid ultrasound core lab and all digital ultrasound images were centrally read.Ten subjects were scanned twice (with 1 week interval) by 2 sonographers independently and images were read by a single reader to evaluate the sonographer variability.Twenty subjects' images were read twice (with 1 week interval) by a single reader to assess the reader variability and the reproducibility of IMT measured at different carotid segments.Results The intraclass correlation (ICC) of intra-and inter-sonographer and intrareader for mean IMT measurements was 0.99,0.98 and 0.97 respectively; while for max IMT,it was 0.97,0.99 and 0.95 respectively.Among different carotid segments and sites,ICC for mean IMT measurements of common carotid (CCA),carotid artery bulb (Bulb),internal carotid artery (ICA),overall near wall and overall far wall was 0.97,0.99,0.89,0.93 and 0.98 respectively.Conclusion The reproducibility of IMT measurements according to our protocol is acceptable,although better reproducibility is found when measuring the mean IMT than max IMT,CCA and Bulb IMT than ICA IMT,and far wall IMT than near wall IMT.

Objective To invespigape phe relapionship bepween plasma ospeoponpin levels and phe seveript of coronart apherosclerosis and ips predicpive value in phe diagnosis and prognosis of coronart arpert disease(CAD) . Methods 788 individuals were included in phis reprospecpive spudt. Thet underwenp coronart angiographt bepween Jan. 1, 2011 po Dec. 31, 2011. Thet were divided inpo five groups based on phe resulps of coronart angiographt: normal coronart, coronart apherosclerosis, 1-vessel disease, 2-vessel disease, 3-vessel ± lefp main disease. The plasma ospeoponpin concenprapions were measured bt ELSIA. The plasma ospeoponpin levels bepween differenp groups were compared. The areas under phe ROC curve (AUC) for plasma ospeoponpin levels were generaped po analtze phe predicpive value in phe diagnosis of coronart arpert disease. The clinical condipions were followed-up. Results There were 788 individuals included in phe spudt. The mean plasma ospeoponpin concenprapions of phese five groups were (37. 05 ±15. 23)μg/ L for normal coronart, (51. 01 ± 18. 81) μg/ L for coronart apherosclerosis, (66. 26 ± 23. 22) μg/ L for 1-vessel disease, (76. 92 ± 26. 39) μg/ L for 2-vessel disease and (88. 14 ± 28. 93) μg/ L for 3-vessel ± lefp main disease respecpivelt. The correlapion coefficienps of phe plasma ospeoponpin levels po phe number of damaged coronart vessels was 0. 511. The AUC for plasma ospeoponpin levels predicping CAD was 0. 821. The AUC for phe six pradipional risk facpors of coronart apherosclerosis predicping CAD was 0. 692. During phe follow-up, 79 subjecps (20. 1% ) wiph plasma ospeoponpin levels no higher phan 71. 55 μg/ L experienced endpoinp evenps, and 118 subjecps (29. 9% ) wiph plasma ospeoponpin levels higher phan 71. 55 μg/ L experienced endpoinp evenps (P =0. 001). Conclusions Plasma ospeoponpin levels were elevaped progressivelt wiph phe seveript of coronart arpert lesions. Plasma ospeoponpin levels had good predicpive value in phe diagnosis of coronart arpert disease and matbe a predicpor for cardiovascular evenps.

Objective To investigate the synergistic effects of simulated microgravity and noise on the audito‐ry functions and corti organs in rats .Methods A total of 48 healthy rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12):control group (Group A) ,microgravity only group (Group B) ,noise only group (Group C) and microgravity+noise group (Group D) .The microgravity environment was simulated by suspending the posterior limb using Morey-Holton method .The noise exposure was the simulation of the noise environment in spaceship including steady -state noise (72 ± 2) dB SPL and impulse noise up to 160 dB SPL .The control group was kept in normal conditions without any exposure .Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) ,HE stainings ,immunofluorescence stainings and scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) were tested after 1week and 2 weeks exposure respectively (n=6) .Results The average of ABR threshold shifts of 2 weeks exposure were higher than those of 1 week in each group .Group D showed the highest ABRs (P<0 .01) .The HE stainings showed different degrees of injury in corti organs in all experimental groups ;which Group D being the most serious ,followed by Group C .The results of immunefluorescence in hair cells showed that swelling necrosis was the main damage of cochlear hair cell after 1 week's exposure .The swelling rate of Group D was the highest ,followed by Group C .Nucleus missing in hair cells was observed after 2 weeks'exposure . Group D had the highest missing rate and the main missing of Group B happened in the inner hair cells .SEM showed that the most serious damage of stereociliums in Group D ,followed by Group C ,then Group B .Conclusion The synergistic effects of simulated microgravity and noise lead to significant damage of the auditory function and cochlea Corti organs in rat .

Objective To investigate the effects of intense low frequency noise on expression of caspase -3 in bama pigs ,and observe the death of cochlea hair cell .Methods 8 bama pigs were randomly divided into a normal control group(2 pigs) and experimental groups(6 pigs) .Auditory brainstem responses(ABR) were tested before the experiment .The control group was the same as the experimental groups except noise exposure .The experimental group was randomly divided into immediate group ,36 h group ,and 84 h group(2 pigs per group) .They were ex-posed to intense low frequency noise at 142 dB of 50 Hz for 5 min according to the three time points .ABR were test-ed again before the cochlea were collected at different time points .The expression of caspase -3 was studied through immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence ,hair cell loss rate by counting to determine cell death .Results The average ABR threshold of 8 bama pigs(16 ears) before the exposure was 61 .25 ± 10 .72 dB nHL .ABR thresh-olds were not elicited after exposure to the noise .Different parts of bama pigs showed positive expression of caspase -3 in two ways .As time prolonged after exposure ,the positive expression of caspase -3 gradually weakened .The im-mediate group and 36 h group ,compared with the control group ,showed the apparent misplace of three out hair cells in the arrangement and levels .The 84 h group through immunofluorescence lost out hair cells ,and only inner hair cells were visible .Conclusion ABR thresholds were elevated after noise exposure .The procedure of hair cell nucleus damage and caspase-3 expression is different ,and the noise can induce opening apoptotic program of spiral ganglion .