Objective: To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in small cell carcinoma of cervis(SCCC) and its relationship with the clinical and pathological features,so as to predict the metastasis of SCCC,to evaluate the prognosis and to manage a proper treatment. Methods: EnVision two step immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expession of VEGF in the samples of small cell carcinoma of cervis. Results: Four samples were obtained from surgical specimens of the patients with SCCC in our hospital.In all the samples,the expression of VEGF was positive. Conclusion: VEGF is closely related with the oncogenesis and development of SCCC.In the earlier period of SCCC,the lymph node involvement and vascular invasion are common.The aggressive progression of SCCC must have something to do with the highly expression of VEGF.The expression of VEGF can be used as an index in selecting treatment and predicting prognosis of SCCC.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of balloon-assisted catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) for acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Methods From September 2008 to February 2011,94 patients with acute lower extremity DVT were admitted.The cases in early stage were treated by CDT (Group A,n =50),and the cases in late stage were treated by balloon-assisted CDT ( Group B,n =44).The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed.The circumference difference between normal and affected limbs,scores of venous patency,and rates of venous patency were recorded for judging the efficacy.The total dose of urokinase and retention time of infusion catheter was compared between the two groups.The incidence of pulmonary embolism and bleeding were used to judge the safety of treatment.The venous patency was followed up by ultrasound or/and venography.Measurement data with normal distribution was described by mean + standard,and was analyzed using T test.Measurement data with non-normal distribution was described by M ( QL,QU ),QL =P25,QU =P75,and was analyzed using Wilcoxon' s test.Categorical variable data was analyzed using Chi-Square test Results The prior treatment circunfference difference between normal and affectéd limbs were (5.37 ±1.97) cm (thigh) & (4.14 ± 1.57) cm (calf) in Group A and (5.41±2.22) cm (thigh) & (4.05 ±1.61) cm (calf) in Group B ; and the difference between the groups was insignificant ( thigh:t =- 0.113,P=0.910; calf:t =0.288,P =0.774).The post treatment correspondences were:(2.96 ± 1.10) cm (thigh) & ( 1.93 ± 0.84 ) cm (calf) in Group A and ( 1.78 ± 1.40) cm ( thigh ) & ( 1.41± 1.17 ) cm (calf) in Group B; the difference between the groups was significant (thigh:t =4.66,P ＜0.0001; calf:t =2.548,P =0.012 ).The prior treatment score of venous patency was 9 (8,10) in Group A and 8.3(7,10) in Group B without significant difference (Z =- 1.5172,P =0.1292).The post treatment score of venous patency was 3.5 ( 2,5 ) in Group A and 0 ( 0,1) in Group B with significant difference ( Z =-5.7702,P ＜0.01).The rate of venous patency after the treatment was 55.0％ (42.3％,72.4％ ) in Group A and 100％ (88.5％,100％ ) in Group B,with significant difference ( Z =4.9148,P ＜ 0.01).The total dose of urokinase used in the treatment was 5.950 ( 5.525,7.225 ) × 106U in Group A and 4.100 (3.600,5.050) × 106U in Group B with significant difference (Z =-6.0133,P ＜ 0.01).The retention time of perfusion catheter was 10 (9,12) d in Group A and 6 (5,7) d in Group B with significant difference ( Z =- 8.0358,P ＜ 0.01).No symptomatic pulmonary embolism occurred in both groups during the treatment and follow-up period.The rate of bleeding complication was 38.0％ (19/50) in Group A and 22.3％ (10/44) in Group B,without significant difference (x2 =2.5590,P =0.1097 ).The removal rate of optional filter was 88.37％ (38/43) in Group A and 100％ (39/39) in Group B,with significant difference ( x2 =4.829,P =0.028 ).The rate of venous patency at the last follow-up point was 50.0％ (44.4％,59.2％ ) in Group A,and 95.4％ (83.6％,100％ ) in Group B,with significant difference (Z =- 3.2721,P =0.0011).Conclusions Balloon-assisted CDT was a promising treatment for acute lower-extremity DVT.It improved the effect of thrombolysis and reduced the dosage of urokinase,and did not increase the risk of pulmonary embolism.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety and effectiveness of integrated treatmentwith comprehensively interventional techniques for acute deep venous thrombosis(DVT)of lower extremity. Methods During the period from June 2016 to June 2017,a total of 23 patients with acute DVT ofunilateral lower extremity were admitted to authors' hospital to receive integrated treatment. AngioJetthrombectomy,balloon angioplasty and iliac vein stent implantation were performed in the same setting.Angiography was performed immediately after the procedure. If the thrombus clearance rate was grade Ⅲand there were no large free clots(>5mm)in the lower extremity vein and inferior vena cava,the inferiorvena cava filters would be retrieved through their sheath,otherwise,the inferior vena cava filters would bereleased. All patients received continuous transcatheter infusion of urokinase until the thrombosis wasconfirmed to be completely dissolved. The patients were followed up at outpatient clinic at 1,3,6 and 12months after the treatment,and reexamination of color ultrasound and/or lower limb venography was used toassess the blood flow in the deep veins and in the stents. Results Angiography postoperatively showedthrombus clearance rate of grade Ⅲ was obtained in 20 patients(87%)who were successfully accomplishedintegrated treatment. The inferior vena cava filters had been retrieved after thrombolysis in 3 patients(13%)with thrombus clearance rate of grade Ⅱ. Twenty-one stents were implanted directly after thrombectomy in21 patients with iliac vein stenosis. There were no serious complications such as pulmonary embolism,severe hemorrhage,etc. Venous patency was confirmed by color ultrasound or lower limb venography. Conclusion Integrated treatment with comprehensively interventional techniques is feasible,safe,andeffective for acute DVT of lower extremity

Objective:To investigate the surgical efficacy and prognosis influencing factors of hilar cholangiocarcinoma based on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 91 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgery in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from April 2004 to April 2021 were collected. There were 59 males and 32 females, aged (61±10)years. Patients who were admitted from April 2004 to March 2014 underwent traditional surgical diagnosis and treatment, and patients who were admitted from April 2014 to April 2021 underwent multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment. Observation indica-tors: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) postoperative pathological examina-tions; (4) postoperative prognosis analysis; (5) influencing factors of postoperative prognosis. Follow-up was conducted using telephone interview and outpatient examination. Patients were followed up once every 6 months after surgery to detect survival. The follow-up was up to April 2023. Measure-ment data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curve and calculate survival rate. The Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the COX proportional hazard model. Results:(1) Surgical situations. Of the 91 patients, there were 65 cases receiving hemi- or expanded hemi-hepatectomy, 13 cases receiving tri-hepatectomy, 9 cases receiving partial hepatectomy, 4 cases receiving extrahepatic bile duct resection. There were 24 cases receiving combined vein resection and reconstruction, 8 cases receiving combined pancreaticoduodenectomy, 6 cases receiving com-bined hepatic artery resection and reconstruction, including 24 cases receiving extended radical surgery (tri-hepatectomy, hepatic artery resection and reconstruction, hepatopancreaticoduodenec-tomy). The operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative blood transfusion rate of 91 patients was (590±124)minutes, 800(range, 500?1 200)mL and 75.8%(69/91), respectively. Of the 91 patients, cases receiving extended radical surgery, the volume of intraoperative blood loss were 4, 650(range, 300?1 000)mL in the 31 patients who were admitted from April 2004 to March 2014, versus 20, 875 (range, 500?1 375)mL in the 60 patients who were admitted from April 2014 to April 2021, showing significant differences between them ( χ2=4.39, Z=0.31, P<0.05). (2) Post-operative situations. The postoperative duration of hospital stay and cases with postoperative infectious complications were (27±17)days and 50 in the 91 patients. Cases with abdominal infection, cases with infection of incision, cases with bacteremia and cases with pulmonary infection were 43, 7, 5, 8 in the 91 patients. One patient might have multiple infectious complications. Cases with bile leakage, cases with delayed gastric emptying, cases with chylous leakage, cases with liver failure, cases with pancreatic fistula, cases with intraperitoneal hemorrhage, cases with reoperation, cases dead during the postoperative 90 days were 30, 9, 9, 6, 5, 3, 6, 3 in the 91 patients. Cases with abdominal infection was 10 in the 31 patients who were admitted from April 2004 to March 2014, versus 33 in the 60 patients who were admitted from April 2014 to April 2021, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=4.24, P<0.05). Cases dead during the postoperative 90 days was 3 in the 31 patients who were admitted from April 2004 to March 2014, versus 0 in the 60 patients who were admitted from April 2014 to April 2021, showing a significant difference between them ( P<0.05). (3) Post-operative pathological examinations. Of the 91 patients, cases with Bismuth type as type Ⅰ?Ⅱ, type Ⅲ, type Ⅳ, cases with T staging as Tis stage, T1 stage, T2a?2b stage, T3 stage, T4 stage, cases with N staging as N0 stage, N1 stage, N2 stage, cases with M staging as M0 stage, M1 stage, cases with TNM staging as 0 stage, Ⅰ stage, Ⅱ stage, Ⅲ stage, ⅣA stage, ⅣB stage, cases with R 0 radical resection, cases with R 1 or R 2 resection were 15, 46, 30, 1, 9, 25, 30, 26, 49, 36, 6, 85, 6, 1, 7, 13, 58, 6, 6, 63, 28. Cases with R 0 radical resection, cases with R 1 or R 2 resection were 15, 16 in the 31 patients who were admitted from April 2004 to March 2014, versus 48, 12 in the 60 patients who were admitted from April 2014 to April 2021, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=9.59, P<0.05). (4) Postoperative prognosis analysis. Of the 91 patients, 3 cases who died within 90 days after surgery were excluded, and the 5-year overall survival rate and median overall survival time of the rest of 88 cases were 44.7% and 55 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 33.5% in the 28 patients who were admitted from April 2004 to March 2014, versus 50.4% in the 60 patients who were admitted from April 2014 to April 2021, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=5.31, P<0.05). Results of further analysis showed that the corresponding 5-year overall survival rate of cases without lymph node metastasis was 43.8% in the 16 patients who were admitted from April 2004 to March 2014, versus 61.6% in the 31 patients who were admitted from April 2014 to April 2021. There was a significant difference in the 5-year overall survival rate between these patients without lymph node metastasis ( χ2=3.98, P<0.05). The corresponding 5-year overall survival rate of cases with lymph node metastasis was 18.5% in the 12 patients who were admitted from April 2004 to March 2014, versus 37.7% in the 29 patients who were admitted from April 2014 to April 2021. There was no significant difference in the 5-year overall survival rate between these patients with lymph node metastasis ( χ2=2.25, P>0.05). (5) Influencing factors of postoperative prognosis. Results of multivariate analysis showed that poorly differentiated tumor and R 1 or R 2 resection were inde-pendent risk factors influencing prognosis after surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma ( hazard ratio=2.62, 2.71, 95% confidence interval as 1.30?5.29, 1.30?5.69, P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with traditional surgical diagnosis and treatment, treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma based on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment can expand surgical indications, reduce proportion of dead patients within 90 days after surgery, improve proportation of radical resection and long-term survival rate. Poorly differentiated tumor and R 1 or R 2 resection are independent risk factors influencing prognosis after surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.