0.05),and the total medical costs were 15 924.36 yuan,12 018.36 yuan and 8 580.36 yuan,respectively.CONCLUSION: Group MMC is the preferable one among the three groups.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use of antibacterials and to evaluate the distribution and drugs resistance of pathogenic bacteria causing hospital nosocomial infection between 2005 and 2007 in our hospital. METHODS:The antibiotic resistance and the data of drug use from 2005 to 2007 in our hospital were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Over the 3 years,the production rate of ESBLs of Escherichia.coli ascended year by year. The proportion of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in staphylococcus aureus were 79.4%,66.3% and 73.9% respectively over the 3 years. The DDDs of antimicrobials showed an year-on-year increase,with third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones topping the first two places. CONCLUSION:Antibacterial drugs should be used rationally in clinical practice so as to reduce antibiotic resistance.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of3Chinese and western medicines in treating senile func?tional constipation.METHODS:186patients with senile functional constipation were randomly assigned to receive Forlax powder preparation for infusion,Liuweianxiao capsule and Buzhongyiqitang respectively,the therapeutic efficacies of the3groups were observed and the cost-effectiveness analysis were conducted12weeks after treatment.RESULTS:The cure rates for the3groups were77.6%,83.3%and85.5%,respectively;the costs for the3groups were963.52yuan,877.00yuan and850.12yuan,respectively;the ratio of cost to effectiveness were1241,1052and975,respectively;the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Group A and B were1435and1221as compared with Group C.CONCLUSION:Liuweianxiao capsule(Group B)was the preferred option for the treatment of senile functional constipation.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare compound astragali capsules and to establish its quality control standards.METH?ODS:The qualitation identification of the principal agents like American ginseng and asiatic cornelian cherry fruit were de?termined by TLC;the principal agent-astragalosideⅠin the astragali were identified by HPLC-ELSD.RESULTS:The condition for TLC qualitation was feasible and the spots were clear;good linear relationship was achieved when the detection concentration of astragalosideⅠwas within the range of2.8?g～8.4?g(r=0.9999);the average recovery was99.93%,RSD=1.17%.CONCLUSION:The preparing technique of this preparation was simple and the quality was stable,the quan?titation control method is simple,accurate and with high precision.

0.05), respectively; the costs of topiramate or sodium valproate retard tablets were 1 305.00 yuan and 588.60 yuan, respectively. CONCLUSION: Sodium valproate retard tablet is superior to topiramate tablet in terms of cost - effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE: To provide meaningful reference for the improvement of full-time clinical pharmacists' ability.METHODS: According to clinical practices,the experience of author engaging in clinical pharmacy was introduced.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacists should take a correct attitude and practice their profession as best as they could,based on the professional orientation.Scientific research should be linked with problem settlement to promote the growth of clinical pharmacists.

Objective To identify a locus at chromosome coding for hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma of three Chinese pedigrees.Methods The genome scan was conducted with microsatellite markers on chromosome 12(D12S85、D12S368、D12S83、D12S345)and 17(D17S1868、D17S787、D17S1857、D17S798、D17S944、D17S949)respectively on the ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer(Applied Biosystems).Two-point LOD score was calculated.Results The maximum two-point LOD score 6.59 and 5.96 at ?=0.1 were obtained at D17S1868 and D17S787 on chromosome 17q12～q21.It is an evidence of linkage between this disease and KRT9 which has been mapped within the region.Conclusion There is a locus responsible for this disease on chromosome 17q12～q21.

OBJECTIVE: To study the compatibility stability of aztreonam after mixing with fructose injection, calorose injection and xylital injection. METHODS: The content of solution, quantity of particles, pH value and physical changes were observed after aztreonam mixing with 3 kinds of injections for 6 hours at room temperature. RESULTS: The content of solution, quantity of particles, pH value and physical changes were up to the standard. CONCLUSION: Aztreonam mixed with fructose injection, calorose injection or xylital injection is keeping stable.

Objective To investigate the routine methods of α-amylase (AMY) test in scrum which meets the requirements of ISO 15189.Methods Fifty human serum samples with different concentrations of AMY (40- 750 U/L) were collected from March to December in 2008,to form the patients' frozen serum group.Four AMY measurement systems including Roche,Wako,MINDRAY and MAKER were used.The frozen standard materials with concentrations of ( 70.1 ± 3.7 ) U/L and ( 418.3 ± 22.1 ) U/L and the patients' frozen serum group were measured simultaneously by using IFCC reference method and 4 AMY measurement systcms based on 7170A automatic biochemistry analyzer.Thc linear regression analysis was made between the measurement results of each system and IFCC reference method.The equivalence,agreement and trueness were also evaluated by using the file EP9-A2 method.Bland-Altman GraphicalAnalysis and the improved Bland-Altman Graphical-Analysis of MVS1.80 software.Results Judging by the standards of IFCC reference method,the measurement results of 4 measurement systems were obviously different. ( 1 ) When measuring standard materials the results were 66.4,70.6,69.4 and 49.2 U/L respectively and 394.0,456.4,406.7,302.4 U/L respectively.The measurement results of MINDRAY were in agreement with that of IFCC reference method.( 2 ) When mcasuring the patients' scrum group by 4 measurement systems and IFCC reference method,the slopes of the linear regression equations were 0.934,1.070,0.930 and 0.731.respectively.And the intercepts were 0.886,6.249,5.388 and 3.574,respectively.According to the EP9-A2 method,the measurement results of Roche Wako,MINDRAY were equivalent to that of IFCC reference method.According to Bland-Altman Graphical-Analysis, the measurement results of Roche and MINDRAY were in agreement with that of IFCC reference method.The average biases of each measurement system were - 6.11％ ( Average bias ± 2s were 2.81％ and -9.40％ ),1.99％ ( Average bias ± 2s were 10.35％ and - 6.36％ ),- 2.70％ (Average bias ± 2s were 2.37％ and -7.77％ ) and -34.72％ ( Average hias ±2s were -24.20％ and -45.24％ ),respectively.According to the improved Bland-Altman Graphical-Analysis, the measurement results of MINDRAY are correct.The average biases of each measurement system were - 5.92％ (Average bias ± 2s were -2.81％ and -9.03％),2.10％ (Average bias ±2s were 10.74％ and -6.53％),-2.64％ ( Average bias ± 2s were2.24％ and -7.51％ ) and - 29.51％ ( Average bias ± 2s were 21.82％ and - 37.21％ ),respectively.Conclusions ( 1 ) The measurement results of different measurement systems do not necessarily have crreet results though they have claimed to have traceability.(2) The trueness of measurement results using the same system may not come to the same conclusion when evaluated by different methods.So laboratories should select and establish a procedure to evaluate trueness of routine methods and adopt those meeting the trueness requirements of ISO 15189.

Objective To study the mediating effect of psychological defense mechanism between personality and depression or anxiety in postgraduate entrance re-examinee. Methods 496 examinee in entrance re-examination of medical postgraduate were investigated by applying Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMsion and anxiety(r=0. 107 ～0. 668, P＜0.05). Psychological defense mechanism was remarkably correlated with depression and anxiety(r= -0. 090 ～ -0.666, P＜0.05;r=0. 131 ～0. 663, P＜0.01). Personality was significantly correlated with psychological defense mechanism (r = - 0. 158 ～ - 0. 586, P ＜ 0.01;r = 0.125 ～ 0.532, Psion, anxiety factor, explicit anxiety, and fear (21.6%, 43.8%, 35.7%, 65.7%). Conclusion Personality is a remarkable predictor of depression and anxiety,and has indirect and direct influence on depression and anxiety through psychological defense mechanism.