English-teaching among medical students is an important method to improve the teaching quality of foreign students and to train medical professionals capable of international communi cation.In the English-teaching among foreign and native undergraduate students,the course wares and teaching methods were designed after summarizing the features of students and teaching contents and were further improved during the practice.The continuing improvement of teachers′ English proficiency is also necessary to achieve good teaching quality.

Objective To investigate the expression of Annexin A1 proteins in colorectal cancer tissues and the relationship be-tween it and clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer.Methods The surgical specimens from 48 cases of colorectal cancer,36 cases of adjacent tissues,15 cases of adenoma polyp were used to be examined expression of Annexin A1 immunohistochemical method.Results The positive expression rate of Annexin A1 in cancer tissue(64.6%)was significantly higher than those in adja-cent tissues(38.8%)and adenoma polyp tissues(40.0%)(P<0.05).The adjacent tissues and adenoma polyp tissues with positive Annexin A1 expression showed mild to severe atypical hyperplasia.The positive rates of Annexin A1 were significantly lower in the well-differentiated adenocarcinoma,tumor size of <5 cm,with no metastasis to lymphnodes and no invasion to surrounding tissues of colorectal cancer than those in the moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma,tumor size of ≥5 cm,with metastasis to lymphnodes and invasion in surrounding tissues(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of Annexin A1 may be an important index of occurrence,progression and biological behaviors of colorectal carcinoma.

1. 40 cadavers were dissected in order to observe the position and formation of the osteo-fibrous canal (384 canals) of the medial division of posterior ramus of lumbar nerves together with the occurrence of the articulo-accessory (process) ligament.2. The form of the external opening of the osteo-fibrous canal may be classified into three groups; nearly circular 35.1% (151); approximately ellipsoid 32.3% (124); crack detector 28.4% (109).3. The osteo-fibrous canal consists of four walls, bounded by mammillary process, accessory process, bony wall and superior articular process ligament respectively. According to the constitution of the anterior and posterior walls of the canal, it may be divided into three categories; osteo-aponeuroticoligamentous type 29.4% (113); osteo-membranous type 66.4% (255) and bony type 4.2% (16).4. The length and width of the superior articular process ligament were measured. The sexual difference of the lengths of L_(1～5) lumbar is significant.5. The sulcus between the superior articular process and the alar portion of the sacrum was observed and measured.6. The ligament on the posterior wall of the canal is nominated as the ligament of the superior articular process.7. Based on the anatomical structures thus studied, some clinical significances were discussed.

Purpose:To investigate the influence of MRI on the Chinese 1992 staging system of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods:From Oct.1992 to Jan.1996,86 patients with NPC who had MRI and CT prior to radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed.The total dose to the primary tumor was 60.4～85.0 Gy(median,72.5 Gy).The fractionation schedule used was five daily fractions of 1.8～2.0 Gy per week.The survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Log-rank was used to identify the prognostic factors.Results:The loco-regional control rate at 5 year was 84.2%,distant metastasis-free survival 80.1%,disease-free survival 73.9% and overall survival 82.7% with a median follow-up interval of 65.5 months(range 2～108 months).According to the Chinese 1992 staging system,there were 25 vs 14(25 by CT and 14 by MRI) patients with T_(1),21 vs 8 with T_(2),31 vs 42 with T_(3) and 9 vs 22 with T_(4) lesions.As a result,42.9%(12/28) of cervical nodal and 28.6%(8/28) of retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy alone should downstage from N_(0) to N_(1).Conclusions:The influence of MRI on the Chinese 1992 staging system was significant and the authors observed a worse distribution of patient numbers as well as poorer separation of survival curves among different stage groups.

Fifty adult cadavers have been dissected bilateraly. Judged from our anatomical study, the site of division of the radial nerve into its superficial terminal and posterior interosseous branches is above the lateral humeral epicondyle in 96％. Usually, the brachialis, brachioradialis, and extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis all receive several muscular branches, which stem from different portions of the radial nerve. Muscular branch for ECRB arising from the superficial radial nerve of one side amounts to 25％.Two arcades are found to be situated along the radial side of the anterior cubital region, one being formed from the proximal tendinous margin of the ECRB muscle, and the other from the proximal edge of the superficial portion of the supinator. The lateral half of the ECRB arch, which covers that of the supinator arch, is definite and sharp and is crossed by the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) obliquely. Its medial half coincides with the corresponding half of the supinator arch, but occassionally they may fuse together. The supinator arch may be divided into loop or circular types, with its longitudinal and transverse diameters of nearly 1～1.2 cm. Those which are tendinous in nature (arcade of Frohse)amount to 18％.There are 28 sides of PIN being compressed by the ECRB arch during passive supination, while 18 sides by the supinator arch (Frohse' arch in 2) during passive pronation. For this reason, in addition to their close relationship and position on the radial side, they are preferred to be combined and named as the cubital radial arch.

Objective To evaluate the correlation of chemosensitivity of cancer cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes to 8 chemotherapy agents in vitro,which was helpful to guide clinical chemotherapy for patients with lung cancer. Methods The chemosensitivity of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor cells to 8 clinical routine che-motherapeutic agents was tested in 40 cases of lung cancer by using MTT method. SPSS 10. 0 was used to analyze the above indicators. Results There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of 8 clinical routine chemotherapeutic agents between peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor cells of patients with lung cancer(P > 0. 05) ,which was posi-tive correlated to chemotherapeutic drugs between peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor cells. Conclusion The chemosensitive test of the peripheral blood lymphocytes with MTT method in vitro was valuable for reference of selec-ting anticancer drugs in clinic for patients with lung cancer.

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics,treatment,outcome and complications of child and adolescent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods From January 1970 to April 1997, the records of 145 NPC patients younger than 21 years of age were reviewed. The clinical stages according to 92'Chinese NPC Staging System were :stageⅠin 1, Ⅱin 8, Ⅲ in 79 and Ⅳ in 57. All patients were treated with external beam radiotherapy. Before 1988, parallel opposed lateral pre-auricular portals were chiefly used in 75 patients and after 1988, parallel opposed lateral facio-cervical portals were adopted in 70. The radiation dose to the primary tumor ranged 45-80?Gy: 70?Gy in 50 cases and 32 of them also received chemotherapy. Results Distant metastasis developed in 26 cases, while local and/or regional recurrence in 14. The actuarial overall survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5, and 10-years were 96.3%, 79.9%, 76.5% and 69.4%, respectively. Among 45 dead cases, 16 did so of metastasis, 11 of local and/or regional recurrence and 18 of other reasons. Univariate analysis suggested that clinical stage, size and site of involved lymph nodes, skull base involvement were significant prognostic factors of survival, whereas sex、age、dose、therapeutic method and chemotherapy were not. Conclusions 1. Even though the majority of pediatric and adolescent NPC were advanced, it signifies a relatively good survival. 2. As the normal tissue of pediatric and adolescent patients tolerates radiation poorly, prudence should be meticulously practiced in deciding the radiation dose and radiotherapeutic fields.

1. 40 cadavers were dissected in order to observe the position, formation and morphology of the osteo-fibrous canal (400 canals) of the posterior rami of the lumbar spinal nerves.2. The average lengths of the osteo-fibrous canals for the posterior ramus of the lumbar nerves in both sexes are: L_1 4.88mm, L_2 4.71 mm, L_3 4.61 mm, L_4 4.57mm, L_5 4.39 mm.3. The average longitudinal diameter of the outlets of the osteo-fibrous canals of the posterior rami of the lumbar nerves in both sexes are: L_1 6.38mm, L_2 6.73 mm, L_3 6.34mm, L_4 5.75mm, L_5 2.61mm.The average transverse diameters of the outlets of the osteo-fibrous canals of the posterior rami of the lumbar nerves in both sexes are: L_1 2.69mm, L_2 2.66mm, L_3 2.68mm, L_4 3.14mm, L_5 2.06mm.4. The shapes of the outlets of the osteo-fibrous canals of the posterior rami of lumbar nerves may be classified into four types: nearly circular 64.75% (259 sides); approximately ellipsoid 30.25% (121 sides); nearly triangular 3.00% (12 sides); nearly oblate 2.00% (8 sides).5. 320 inter-transverse ligaments were observed and measured.6. There was always an iliolumbar ligament interposed between L_5 and S_1.7. Further more, the authors discussed the relationship between the morphology of the nerves and the osteo-fibrous canals in connection with the possible causes of low back pain.

Objective To study the effect and toxicity ofgefitinib combined with selected radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods From March 2006 to February 2009,10 of 13 advanced NSCLC patients who got benefit from gefitinib were enrolled to treatment group (gefitinib concurrent selected radiotherapy) and control group (gefitinib only), with 5 cases in each group. The response was evaluated as progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).Results No patient got complete remission (CR). Ten of 13 patients got partial remission (PR) and stable disease (SD). The 1 year and 2 years survival rate was 53.8%(7/13) and 46.2%(6/13) respectively. The median PFS in treatment group and control group was 24 months and 8 months respectively(P= 0.0019). The median OS was 32 months and 10 months respectively (P= 0.0062). The main toxicities were reversible skin rash and diarrhea,and 3 patients developed asymptomatic radiation pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions Gefitinib combining with selected radiotherapy is effective and tolerated in patients with advanced NSCLC. It may prolong PFS and OS. It may be a rational choice for the standard and individualized treatment of NSCLC.

Objective To study the metabolic change of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS)in the visual cortex and optic radiation region of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods 1H-MRS was performed in 20 patients with DR and 20 healthy volunteers on GE 1.5 T MR system respectively.Metabolic peaks of N-acetylasparte(NAA),creatine(Cr,in 3.02 and 3.94 ppm),choline-containing compounds(Cho)and myo-inositol(mI)were observed,and the ratios were analyzed by each other.Independent-samples t test was performed between two sets of data.Results In both visual cortex and optic radiation,the ratios of ml/Cr and mI/CrSee in DR group(0.664 ± 0.052 and 1.453±0.068 in visual cortex,0.717±0.074 and 1.484±0.114 in optic radiation)were significant higher than those in normal group(0.602±0.047 and 1.249±0.044 in visual cortex,0.679 ± 0.075 and 1.334±0.089 in optic radiation,P＜0.05).In DR group,the ratios of CrSec/Cr,Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr in visual cortex and optic radiation were 0.458±0.043 and 0.488±0.052,0.481±0.057 and 0.807±0.110,1.633±0.105 and 1.709±0.140 respectively.In control group.the ratios of those were 0.484±0.041 and0.502±0.056,0.471±0.065 and 0.786±0.109,1.625±0.098 and 1.716±0.135 respectively.The ratios of CrSec/Cr,Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr had no statistic difference between two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion mI/CrSec is a typical change in the visual cortex and optic radiation region,1H-MRS as a noninvasive examination could provide biochemical and metabolic informations for diabetic patients.