It is one of the main objectives for the colleges and universities to train the students with the ability of knowledge application.As the expanding enrollment in the colleges and universities,the practice training can not meet the requirement completely.With the analogue field teaching as the real scene,various mutual activities can be introduced,which makes the students know what they have not learned and the skill in the real work.Therefore the students' interest in study and their confidence will be promoted.

Objectives To learn the identification status for the practice teaching among the students majoring in preventive medicine in Jiangsu. Methods 832 students majoring in preventive medicine were randomly selected from 5 universities of Jiangsu province in clustering(Nanjing Medical University, South-East University, Suzhou University, Nantong University, Xuzhou Medical College). They were investigated by the self-designed questionnaire about the recognition of significance and effect as well as the absent reasons for the discussion in class, research work and social practice. The data were calibrated and input into the database with Epidata 3.1, then were analyzed with SPSS 16.0. The identification status was described with constituent ratio, and the proportion of the students were analyzed with Chi-square test, in which it was recognize as of significant difference if the P value was less than 0.05. Results It was thought by the students that the ways to increase the interest were research work(757students, 91.0%), discussion in class(507, 60.9%) and social practice(360, 43.3%), the ways to increase the ability were social practice(494, 59.4%), research work(122, 14.7%) and discussion in class(109, 13.1%) successively. But the actual effective ways to increase their interest were social practice(360, 43.3%), discussion in class(128, 15.4%) and research work(100,13.2%), the effective ways to increase the ability were social practice(615, 73.9%), research work(97,11.7%) and discussion in class(92, 11.1%) successively. Only 50.0%of the students agreed with the effect of social practice because they were unable to play a major role, while the recognition of the effect of class discussion and research was also low(less than 20.0%) among some students who were unwilling to participate in class discussion and research work because of their lack of confidence, actual interest or time. Conclusions The identification rate is low among the students. It is suggested that the social practice should be based on the knowledge of the students and the class discussion or research work be designed or arranged carefully so that predicted goal can be achieved.

One hundred male weanling rats were fed a zinc deficient diet(ZD) containing 7.9ppm Zn for 4 weeks. 56 rats selected as ZD models were divided into 7 groups in random. The rats in 6 test groups were supplied a diet with 40, 60, 80 ppm of zinc enokitake (ZE) and zinc sulfate (ZS) respectively, while the remainder were fed the ZD diet continuously. 5 weeks later, the plasma zinc in 60,80 ppm ZE groups was significantly higher than that in ZS groups in the same doses. The correct rate of learning and memory showed the same trend.Though after that zinc in 60 ppm groups was added to 120 ppm, but the 120 ppm Zn group failed to show greater effect. And the rats in 80ppm ZE group also had the highest level of femur zinc. The RBA of ZE was 207% for plasma and 181% for femur to ZS.The study shows that ZE has a higher biological availability than ZS.

BACKGROUND:Obesity is an important problem concerned domestically and internationally. How to control the body mass and to reduce the weight without any effect on normal food intake is the focus for study.OBJECTIVE:To probe into the weight-reducing effect of Oolong tea and its effect on the mRNA level of β3-adrenergic receptor(β3-AR).DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping, controlled trial SETTING:Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University; Institute of Pediatric Medicine, Nanjing Medical University.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Nanjing Medical University from September 2003 to February 2004. The obese rat models were made with the diet of high energy and high fat in male rats weighing about 80 g. Thirty-two male obese rats were selected.And Oolong tea extract was prepared, whose concentration was equivalent to 0.24 g of tea.INTERVENTIONS:Thirty-two male obese rats were divided randomly in-to 4 groups: obese control group, low, middle and high dose of oolong tea groups. There were 8 rats in each group. The rats in the control group were fed by gavage with distilled water every day. The other rats in low, middle or high dose of Oolong tea groups were fed by gavage with 0.4 g/kg, 1.2 g/kg, and 2.4 g/kg of Oolong tea respectively. They were all fed with diet of high energy and high fat. Each rat was raised in separate cage. The room temperature for the rats remained about 22 ℃ with the humidity of 55%. The rats were free access to water, but the diet was fed twice a day at a fixed amount. If it was finished, no more diet would be added. Thirty days later, body mass, maximal diameter of adipocytes were measured, and β3-ARmRNA levels in adipose tissues were measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass, increased body mass,the weight of adipose tissues in retroperitoneal, peri-epididymal and interscapular regions and the maximal diameter of adipocytes were measured,β3- AR mRNA levels in the adipose tissues above were measured with the method of RT-PCR.RESULTS:According to intention-to-treat analysis, thirty-two male rats entered result analysis. [1]Body mass: Increased weight of rats in 1.2 g/kg and 2.4 g/kg Oolong tea groups were significantly lower than that in the rats of control group and rats in 0.4 g/kg Oolong tea group (58.4±46.7,68.1±30.4,125.7±34.4,96.3±26.2,P ＜ 0.01), but the amount of total diet consumption was similar in each group (P ＞ 0.05). [2]Lipid coefficient in retroperitoneal and peri-epididymal regions of rats in 1.2 g/kg and 2.4 g/kg Oolong tea groups was lower than that in the rats of control group and rats in 0.4 g/kg Oolong tea group,(1.57±0.53,2.14±0.90 to 2.71±0.49,2.50±0.53, 1.14±0.38,1.43±0.53 to2.00±0.00,1.88±0.35), but there was no significant difference among groups of the ratio in inter-scapular regions (P ＞0.05). [3]The maximal diameter of adipocytes: The maximal diameter in retroperitoneal, periepididymal and inter-scapular regions of the rats in 0.4 g/kg, 1.2 g/kg and 2.4 g/kg Oolong tea groups was significantly lower than that in the rats of control group[(113±24), (86±29), (90±23), (120±30)μm;(94±20), (80±18), (64±17), (111±21)μm; (24±11), (21 ±11), (22±10),(27±11)μm,P ＜ 0.05]. [4]β3-AR mRNA levels in adipose tissues:The β3-AR mRNA levels in retroperitoneal, peri-epididymal and interscapular regions of the rats in 1.2 g/kg and 2.4 g/kg Oolong tea groups were significantly higher than those in rats of control group and rats with0.4 g/kg of Oolong tea (0.72±0.11,0.64±0.112,0.40±0.08,0.34±0.10 for retroperitoneal region, 1.06±0.21,1.02±0.24,0.42±0.15,0.43±0.11 for epididymal region, 1.01±0.42,0.70±0.17,0.42±0.10,0.49±0.16 for interscapular region, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION:Oolong tea was of weight～reducing effect,which may be related to its effect to increase β3-AR mRNA level The middle dose (1.2 g/kg) may be optimal.These results may be helpful to the theory of weight reducing with tea and the selection ofoptimal dose.

Preventive medicine is a highly practical vocation; the students majoring in this major should be trained with abilities of active learning and flexible applying.Nowadays,the main teaching methods in many colleges and universities were assigning homework,communicating on the internet and posing questions in the class,which were only taught by the teacher.The promotion model may promote the knowledge application for the students,with the heuristic teaching in the class based on the virtual or scenic status,practice in scientific research,social service and experiments in the real sites.Through promotion model,students can combine the theoretical knowledge with the reality,learn creatively and apply the knowledge flexibly.

A study on the dietary pattern and nutritional levels of the inhabitants in Jiangsu province was carried out by means of both analysis of food consumption and dietary survey. The results showed that the problem of basic need for food has been resolved in this province since the 1980's mid-period, but animal food consumption was still low relatively.Compared with the data obtained from dietary survey, the amount of grain consumed per capita per day obtained from calculation of food consumption was about 70 g more and the amount of animal food 18 g less. The intakes of energy and nutrients obtained from the two methods were different, but from animal sources showing about 4% higher in the latter. This suggested that the results from dietary survey was nearer to the actual status.The results indicated a tendency lying in the period of adjustment of food pattern. It also demonstrated the imbalance status for some nutrients intake.The difference of the food pattern and nutritional level between rural and urban was distinct and the difference also existed in intercountries. The health index of the inhabitants was better in the recent years but the correlation between the physical index and nutritional level hasn't been established yet.We suggested to increase animal food and beans intake properly, However the animal fat intake must be controlled. A goal was presented about the dietary pattern for the inhabitants in Jiangsu province in 2000. Various demands should de given according to the various area conditions.In addition, some discussion about the DDP score method has been made.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of various carotenoids on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 gene in breast cancer cell MCF-7.

METHODSTime and dose effects of individual carotenoids were detected using the MTT assay. The effects of individual carotenoids on cell cycle and the apoptosis were observed by flow cytometry. The expression of bcl-2 mRNA gene was detected using the RT-PCR method.

RESULTSAll 4 carotenoids tested inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cell line, but with different potencies. beta-carotene and lycopene were the most active inhibitors (inhibition rate 88.2% and 87.8%, respectively) followed by zeaxanthin and astaxanthin. All 4 carotenoids did not induce cell apoptosis. Cell cycle progression was blocked at G(2)/M phase with 60 micromol/L lycopene and at G(0)/G(1) phase with 60 micromol/L zeaxanthin dipalmitate. Carotenoids down regulated bcl-2 gene expression.

CONCLUSIONCarotenoids could inhibit the proliferation of human beast cancer MCF-7 cell line in vitro and the action of carotenoids may be worked through different pathways.

Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Canthaxanthin ; pharmacology ; Carotenoids ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Xanthophylls ; Zeaxanthins ; beta Carotene ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

Objective:To learn the prevalence and correlated factors of hyperuricemia in the middle-and-old aged inhabitants of Nanjing. Methods:5 423 inhabitants in the districts of Nanjing were selected by random cluster sampling. The levels of uric acid, creatine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose in the serum were measured,and the diet was also investigated. Results:The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the middle-and-old aged inhabitants was 15.0%, with 20.1% for males and 10.6% for females. The prevalence for males and females increased after 50 years old, and maintained at a high level afterwards. The concentration of uric acid, creatine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, the blood pressure and BMI in the inhabitants with hyperuricemia were higher than those in the inhabitants without hyperuricemia. The risk factors for hyperuricemia included higher BMI and hypertension, while the protective factor was favorite for hot-food. Conclusion:For the inhabitants over 45 years old in Nanjing, hyperuricemia was common among the adults over 50 years old. Higher BMI and hypertension were the risk factors, while favorite for hot food was the protective factor.

Applying scientific literature in the teaching of nutrition and food hygiene is neces-sary. It can not only deepen students' understanding of the course and improve students' English level and scientific research ability, but also can improve teachers' professional skill. To improve the effi-ciency of teaching, teachers should choose literature close to the course and pay attention to selecting review literature and English literature. Textbook should be principal line of study during the teach-ing. Teachers should control the number and timing of explaining literature and grasp the complexity of literature. In order to facilitate students' understanding, teachers should make full use of related figures and tables.

Objective: To learn the effect of the acquisition pattern of nutritional knowledge on food collocation among the university students, and to provide a reference for conducting college students to acquire right nutritional knowledge, establish a good diet habit, and improve their mental and physical health. Methods: Totally 1 697 students were selected from 2 universities in Jiangsu Province with the random clustering method after the informed consent. It was investigated with anonymous questionnaire for the source of nutritional knowledge, the knowledge about food collocation, the consideration during food collocation and the food collocation behavior. The sources of nutrition knowledge were then sorted into different patterns by factor analysis. The influence of each pattern on the food collocation was analyzed. Results: The main patterns for nutritional knowledge of the students were net-media, book-net, companion, family and private experience. The correct rate was higher in the students who gained knowledge from book-net pattern (71.8%) than that of the other patterns. The proportion was significantly higher for the consideration of nutrition(95.0%), the collocation between foods with different colors (58.1%)or between the cereals and soybeans(70.6%)in the book-net pattern than that in the companion(83.7%,48.4%,55.9%), family(85.9%,41.7%,49.0%)or private experience(53.3%,31.1%,37.8%)pattern, but the rate of food collocation according to price was relatively lower(76.0%). The proportion was significantly higher for consideration about nutrition(92.2%)during food collocation in the net-media pattern than that in the private experience(53.3%)or companion(83.7%) pattern, and the proportion was higher for the consideration of characteristics of food in various colors(73.8%) than that in the other patterns, too; however, the proportion of consideration for economy(87.7%)was also significantly higher, and the proportion was obviously higher in the net-media pattern for the collocation between grains and flours(67.5%), food with different colors(70.8%), while the proportion was significantly higher in the net-media pattern for the collocation between cereals and soybeans(72.3%)than that in the companion(55.9%), family(49.0%)or private experience(37.8%) patterns, but the proportion was also obviously higher in the net-media pattern for the collocation according to the price(83.4%) than that in the family pattern(71.8%). Conclusion The book-net pattern can rationally lead the students to make reasonable food collocation.