ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of electrotome on permanent and temporary cardiac pacemaker in laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC),and the application of cardiac pacemaker to the cases of cholecystolithiasis combined with bradyarrhythmia.MethodsClinical data of 215 patients with permanent or temporary cardiac pacemaker who underwent were studied for the preoperative and postoperative variation of pacemaker function,and for the influence of electricity coagulation during the operation on cardiac pacemaker function.ResultsLC was successfully completed in all 215 patients.The function of cardiac pacemaker was not obviously interfered during the operation,and the parameters of cardiac pacemaker did not remarkably change after the operation.ConclusionCardiac pacemaker is slightly interfered when electrotome and electrocoagulation were used in LC; LC is feasible and safe for patients with bradyarrhythmia by placement of cardiac pacemaker.

Objective To summarize the preliminary experience of endovascular recanalization in treating chronic symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion.Methods Four patients with chronic symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion,admitted to and underwent endovascular recanalization in our hospital from August 2013 to August 2014,were chosen in our study; their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results Four patients were successfully opened the internal carotid arteries;cerebral CT angiography showed that all arteries were unobstructed.One appeared intra-operative iatrogenic internal carotid artery cavernous sinus fistula,and successful occlusion of the fistula with internal carotid artery patency was achieved after one week.Three months after the operation,two showed unobstructed internal carotid artery by DSA and the other stated no abnormalities during the telephone follow up.Conclusion Endovascular recanalization is a safe and effective treatment method for chronic symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion.

For the quality control of cetomacrogol 1000, a gas chromatographic method for the determination of residual impurities in cetomacrogol 1000, such as ethylene oxide, 1, 4-dioxane, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol, was established and validated.The DB-1 column with headspace injection was used to detect ethylene oxide and 1, 4-dioxane with the inlet temperature of 150 °C, the FID temperature of 250 °C, the headspace equilibration temperature of 70 °C and the equilibration time of 45 min.The VF-17MS column with liquid injection was used to detect ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol with the inlet temperature of 270 °C, and the FID temperature of 290 °C.The results showed that ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane have a good linearity within their specified addition amount ranges (r > 0.999), with the RSD of precision of below 8.0% and the average recovery rates of 90.6% and 101.2%; and that ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol also have a good linearity between 3 ? 60 μg/mL (r > 0.999), with the RSD of precision of below 3.0%, and the recovery rates of 96% ~ 103%.The method established in this study has good specificity, linearity, precision and recovery rate, which can effectively detect the multi-component and trace impurities.

Objective:To observe the morphological characteristics of L 4, 5 facet joints in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) of different spinopelvic types based on Roussouly classification. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 142 patients with DLS who visited the department of orthopaedics in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from August 2018 to May 2022. There were 33 males aged 65.0±10.7 years and 109 females aged 61.8±9.6 years. The following morphological parameters of the L 4, 5 facet joint were measured on the CT images: facet joint angle (FJA), pedicle facet angle (PFA), facet joint tropism (FT) and facet joint osteoarthritis (OA) degree; the sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL) and percentage of L 4 slip distance (SDP) were measured on preoperative standing neutral lumbar radiographs. According to the Roussouly classification, the patients were divided into four groups (type I, type II, type III, and type IV). The differences of morphological parameters of the facet joints and SDP were compared among the four groups, and the correlation between the FJA and PFA was analyzed. Results:There were 142 patients, including 28 type I, 50 type II, 43 type III, and 21 type IV according to the Roussouly classification. The SDPs of type I, type II, type III, and type IV were 19.1%±3.4%, 18.6%±3.9%, 21.7%±3.9%, 25.0%±2.4%, respectively. Except for types I and II, there were statistically significant differences in pairwise comparison among all other types ( P<0.05). The FJAs in type I and type II (31.4°±6.3°, 35.2°±6.8°) were larger than those in type III (28.4°±5.6°) and type IV (23.4°±4.5°), and the FJA in type III was larger than that in type IV. Conversely, the FJA in type I was smaller than that in type II. These differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The PFAs in type I and type II (113.9°±4.9°, 111.3°±5.6°) were smaller than those in type III (116.3°±4.4°) and type IV (121.8°±3.5°), and the PFA in type III was smaller than that in type IV, while, the PFA in type I was larger than that in type II. These differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The degree of OA in both type I and type II was lower than that in type III and type IV, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of OA between type I and type II and between type III and type IV ( P> 0.05). Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences ( F=0.40, P=0.752) in the FT values among type I, type II, type III, and type IV (5.8°±2.3°, 5.6°±2.4°, 6.1°±1.8°, 5.9°±1.9°). Pearson correlation analysis showed that FJA was negatively correlated with PFA ( r=-0.68, P<0.001). Conclusion:In the slip segment of DLS, the facet joint morphology was part of the joint configuration in different spinopelvic types, not just the result of joint remodeling after DLS. Morphological characteristics of the facet joints and DLS interacted with each other.

Objective:To delineate the morphological features of pedicle-facet joints in lumbar spondylolysis patients, correlating these with spinopelvic parameters to explore their mechanisms and clinical implications.Methods:This study enrolled 121 patients with L 5 spondylolysis (IS group), 108 with L 4, 5 degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS group), and 100 with normal L 4, 5 but L 5S 1 lumbar disc herniation (NL group), who underwent radiography and multislice spiral CT from May 2020 to January 2023. Parameters including vertebral slip percentage (SP) and spinopelvic alignments, such as sacral slope and lumbar lordosis, were quantified using standing lateral lumbar radiographs. Morphological parameters of the L 4 and L 5 facet joints were measured on 3D reconstructed lumbar CT images, including the facet joint angle (FJA), pedicle-facet joint angle (PFA), facet joint osteoarthritis (OA), and facet joint tropism (FT). Results:The analysis revealed significant variances in SS and LL among the groups ( F=21.910, P<0.001; F=22.439, P<0.001). The IS group exhibited the highest SS and LL, followed by the DS and NL groups. Morphological assessments showed the largest L 4 FJA in the IS group, with progressive decreases in the DS and NL groups ( F=344.791, P<0.001). Conversely, L 4 PFA was greatest in the DS group ( F=193.725, P<0.001). Notably, L 4 OA was markedly more severe in the DS group compared to IS and NL groups ( H=467.925, P<0.001), with no significant disparity between IS and NL groups ( P>0.05). Correlation analyses within each cohort highlighted a negative association of sacral slope and lumbar lordosis with facet joint angles, yet a positive correlation with pedicle-facet joint angles both with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Furthermore, L 4 facet joint angles were consistently smaller than those at L 5, and L 4 pedicle-facet joint angles were larger than L 5 ( P<0.05). Osteoarthritis at L 5 was more pronounced in the IS group compared to L 4 ( Z=7.043, P<0.001), a trend inversely observed in the DS group ( Z=11.868, P<0.001), while the NL group showed no significant osteoarthritic variance between levels ( Z=0.556, P=0.578). Conclusion:Patients with lumbar spondylolysis demonstrate elevated sacral slope and lumbar lordosis, indicative of increased localized biomechanical stress in the lumbar spine. These alterations in the morphology of the pedicle-facet joints highlight the distinctive structural adaptations and potential strain distributions within this cohort.

Objective: Based on spinopelvic parameters and biomechanical principles, the pedicle-facet joint (PFJ) morphological characteristics of isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis were analyzed, and the mechanism of their onset and progression was discussed. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 194 patients with L5 spondylolysis or L5–S1 low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS group), 172 patients with L4–5 degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS group), and 366 patients with nonlumbar spondylolysis (NL group). The spinopelvic parameters and PFJ morphological parameters of the patients were measured, the differences in these parameters among and within the 3 groups were compared, and the correlations were analyzed. Results: Sacral slope (SS) and lumbar lordosis (LL) were the highest in the IS group, the second highest in the DS group, and the lowest in the NL group. Among the 3 groups, the L4 facet joint angle (FJA) was the largest in the IS group, the second largest in the NL group, and the smallest in the DS group. The L4 pedicle-facet joint angle (PFA) was the largest in the DS group, the second largest in the IS group, and the smallest in the NL group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that within each group, SS and LL were negatively correlated with FJA and positively correlated with PFA. Conclusion This study found a correlation between the PFJ morphological characteristics of patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis and spinopelvic parameters, suggesting that the morphological characteristics of PFJs may be caused by varying stresses under different spinopelvic morphologies.

Objective: Based on spinopelvic parameters and biomechanical principles, the pedicle-facet joint (PFJ) morphological characteristics of isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis were analyzed, and the mechanism of their onset and progression was discussed. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 194 patients with L5 spondylolysis or L5–S1 low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS group), 172 patients with L4–5 degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS group), and 366 patients with nonlumbar spondylolysis (NL group). The spinopelvic parameters and PFJ morphological parameters of the patients were measured, the differences in these parameters among and within the 3 groups were compared, and the correlations were analyzed. Results: Sacral slope (SS) and lumbar lordosis (LL) were the highest in the IS group, the second highest in the DS group, and the lowest in the NL group. Among the 3 groups, the L4 facet joint angle (FJA) was the largest in the IS group, the second largest in the NL group, and the smallest in the DS group. The L4 pedicle-facet joint angle (PFA) was the largest in the DS group, the second largest in the IS group, and the smallest in the NL group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that within each group, SS and LL were negatively correlated with FJA and positively correlated with PFA. Conclusion This study found a correlation between the PFJ morphological characteristics of patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis and spinopelvic parameters, suggesting that the morphological characteristics of PFJs may be caused by varying stresses under different spinopelvic morphologies.

Objective: Based on spinopelvic parameters and biomechanical principles, the pedicle-facet joint (PFJ) morphological characteristics of isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis were analyzed, and the mechanism of their onset and progression was discussed. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 194 patients with L5 spondylolysis or L5–S1 low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS group), 172 patients with L4–5 degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS group), and 366 patients with nonlumbar spondylolysis (NL group). The spinopelvic parameters and PFJ morphological parameters of the patients were measured, the differences in these parameters among and within the 3 groups were compared, and the correlations were analyzed. Results: Sacral slope (SS) and lumbar lordosis (LL) were the highest in the IS group, the second highest in the DS group, and the lowest in the NL group. Among the 3 groups, the L4 facet joint angle (FJA) was the largest in the IS group, the second largest in the NL group, and the smallest in the DS group. The L4 pedicle-facet joint angle (PFA) was the largest in the DS group, the second largest in the IS group, and the smallest in the NL group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that within each group, SS and LL were negatively correlated with FJA and positively correlated with PFA. Conclusion This study found a correlation between the PFJ morphological characteristics of patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis and spinopelvic parameters, suggesting that the morphological characteristics of PFJs may be caused by varying stresses under different spinopelvic morphologies.

Objective: Based on spinopelvic parameters and biomechanical principles, the pedicle-facet joint (PFJ) morphological characteristics of isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis were analyzed, and the mechanism of their onset and progression was discussed. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 194 patients with L5 spondylolysis or L5–S1 low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS group), 172 patients with L4–5 degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS group), and 366 patients with nonlumbar spondylolysis (NL group). The spinopelvic parameters and PFJ morphological parameters of the patients were measured, the differences in these parameters among and within the 3 groups were compared, and the correlations were analyzed. Results: Sacral slope (SS) and lumbar lordosis (LL) were the highest in the IS group, the second highest in the DS group, and the lowest in the NL group. Among the 3 groups, the L4 facet joint angle (FJA) was the largest in the IS group, the second largest in the NL group, and the smallest in the DS group. The L4 pedicle-facet joint angle (PFA) was the largest in the DS group, the second largest in the IS group, and the smallest in the NL group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that within each group, SS and LL were negatively correlated with FJA and positively correlated with PFA. Conclusion This study found a correlation between the PFJ morphological characteristics of patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis and spinopelvic parameters, suggesting that the morphological characteristics of PFJs may be caused by varying stresses under different spinopelvic morphologies.

Objective: Based on spinopelvic parameters and biomechanical principles, the pedicle-facet joint (PFJ) morphological characteristics of isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis were analyzed, and the mechanism of their onset and progression was discussed. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 194 patients with L5 spondylolysis or L5–S1 low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS group), 172 patients with L4–5 degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS group), and 366 patients with nonlumbar spondylolysis (NL group). The spinopelvic parameters and PFJ morphological parameters of the patients were measured, the differences in these parameters among and within the 3 groups were compared, and the correlations were analyzed. Results: Sacral slope (SS) and lumbar lordosis (LL) were the highest in the IS group, the second highest in the DS group, and the lowest in the NL group. Among the 3 groups, the L4 facet joint angle (FJA) was the largest in the IS group, the second largest in the NL group, and the smallest in the DS group. The L4 pedicle-facet joint angle (PFA) was the largest in the DS group, the second largest in the IS group, and the smallest in the NL group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that within each group, SS and LL were negatively correlated with FJA and positively correlated with PFA. Conclusion This study found a correlation between the PFJ morphological characteristics of patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis and spinopelvic parameters, suggesting that the morphological characteristics of PFJs may be caused by varying stresses under different spinopelvic morphologies.