Objective To evaluate different operative procedures for renal cell carcinoma. Methods 81 cases of renal cell carcinoma operated were reviewed.Radical nephrectomy was carried out for 73 case of which renal artery embolism was conducted for 38 before operation.Simple nephrectomy was carried out for 6 cases and enucleation of the tumor for 2. Results The pathological stu dies showed that 52 cases were clear cell carcinoma,19 cases of granular cell carcinoma,6 cases being a combination of the above two varieties,4 cases being cystic renal cell carcinoma.65 of 81 cases have been successfully followed up for 12～110 months.The 5 year survival rate for stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ tumors were 83.9%,78.9%,33.3% and 16.7% respectively. Conclusions Renal artery embolism before radial nephrectomy is essential for a successful operation to achieve a long term survival.Nephron sparing surgery for a small,localized low stage renal tumor is safe and effective.

Objective To measure the levels of neutrophil elastase (NE),citric acid and pH in prostatic fluid of patients with prostatitis type Ⅲ.Methods Fifty two patients with prostatitis type ⅢA,98 patients with prostatitis type Ⅲ B and 105 health subjects were enrolled in the study.The levels of NE,citric acid and pH in prostatic fluid were measured ; the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) routine and bacterial culture were examined,and National Institutes of Health (NIH)-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) was evaluated.The data were analyzed by independent samples t-test.Results WBC count,NE and citric acid concentrations,pH in ⅢA group were (17.9 ±5.4)/HP,(898 ±704) μg/L and (14.5 ± 1.7) ng/L,7.60 ±0.43,respectively; those in ⅢB group were (3.9 ±2.2)/HP,(93 ±76) μg/L and (21.9 ±3.8) ng/L,6.71 ±0.25,respectively; those in control group were (3.6 ±2.2)/HP,(86 ±57) μg/L and (22.5 ± 3.9)ng/L,6.48 ± 0.51,respectively.There were significant differences in NE and citrate concentrations,pH value in EPS between Ⅲ A and Ⅲ B patients (t =8.22,16.64 and 13.88,all P ＜0.05),but no difference in NIH-CPSI (t =1.90,P 8 0.05).There were significant differences in WBC count,NE and citric acid concentrations,pH in EPS,NIH-CPSI score between Ⅲ A and control groups (t =18.92,8.47,26.53,18.37 and 32.47,all P ＜ 0.05).There were no differences in WBC count,NE and citric acid concentration and pH value in EPS between Ⅲ B group and control group (t =1.38,1.55,1.02 and 1.21,respectively,all P 80.05),but there was significant difference in NIH-CPSI score between two groups (t =49.46,P ＜ 0.05).In EPS,NE concentration and WBC count were positively correlated with NIH-CPSI (r =0.819 and 0.698,respectively,all P ＜0.01),and citric acid was negatively correlated (r =-0.625,P ＜ 0.01) ; citrate was negatively correlated with WBC count,CPSI and pH value (r =-0.728,-0.644 and-0.817,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The results indicate that the measurements of NE,citric acid and pH in EPS are of significant clinical value in patients with prostatitis type ⅢA and Ⅲ B.

In this study the nutritive value of 4 kinds of weaning foods containing soyflour were measured by chemical and animals experiments. The 4 experimental weaning foods were:1.This formula was developed by the Institute of Health collaborating the First Food Factory of Beijing. It was produced by the Factory and the trade name is "Baobao Le" The soybean was processed by the infra-red light.2.This formula was recommended by UNICEF (Formula No. 5). Soybean flour was treatded with the extruded method.3.This formula was the same as No. 2 (UNICEF Formula No. 5). In which the soybean was wet-heat treated. No. 2 and 3 samples were produced by Wu Xi Light Industry College.4.This formula was developed by the Institute of Shanghai Food Industry as formula D. Puffed soybean flour was used.The 2 control foods were:5.This formula was based on formula "5410". The sample was made by the First Food Factory of Beijing (trade name, "Nutritive Baby Powder").6.Infant Milk Powder, produced by the Child Milk Factory of Shuang Cheng Xian, Hei Long Jiang Province, cow's milk powder was used as the main source of protein. The protein content of the products were:No. 1 and 4, 19.0%, equal to the protein requirement for weaning foods; No.2 and 3, 15.8%, lower than No.1 and 4; Infant Milk Powder, 15.1%; Nutritive Baby Powder, 17.0%.From the results of the animal experiment on weaning rats with respect to growth, after 9 weeks of feeding, the average body weight of control group 5 and 6 increased by 185.8 and 180.5g respectively, which were significantly higher than 146.7 and 150.4g of the experimental groups No. 1 and 4. While the increased body weight of No. 1 and 4 were higher than group 2 and 3 (79.8g and 113.1g respectively). The increase of body lengths were of the same order of the 6 groups as that in body weight.Blood hemoglobin values were all normal (control groups 13.4 and 13.9g per 100 ml; experimental groups 13.9, 14.2, 13.0 and 13.0g).The weight of pancreas in the 4 experimental groups were all normal. It showed that the activity of trypsin inhibitor had been destroyed. Weights of thyroid of the rats were all within the normal range except group 1,2,3, which were a little bit heavier. Potassium iodide was.added into formula 1,2 and 3, to prevent hyperthyroidism but since potassium iodide is easily to evaporate, so it would be perferable to use potassium iodate instead.The above results indicated that the growth promoting effect of the 4 weaning foods is lower than the two baby powder, but they are good weaning foods for baby after six months. "Baobao Le" and formula No 6 are much better.

In order to select appropriate methods to locate non opaque stones of the upper urinary tract, 63 cases with non opaque stones of the upper urinary tract were identified by using retrograde urography (RGU) and intravenous urography and then were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The curative rate of stones in a single procedure was 87.3%(55/63). In 5 cases of renal pelvic stones, in 34 cases of the upper and middle ureter stones and in 24 cases of the lower ureter stones, the curative rate of stones in a single procedure was 40%(2/5), 88.24%(30/34) and 95.83%(23/24), repectively. It is concluded that ESWL can still be useful to treat this kind of stones after being localized with the aid of RGU and IVU.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 2μm Thulium laser vaporization enucleation (Thu-VEP) in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Methods A total of 145 patients with BPH were randomized into two groups including patients underwent ThuVEP and patients underwent standard transurethral resection of the pros-tate (TURP). The intraoperative blood loss,flushing fluid quantity,operation time,bladder irrigating time,catheterization time,the international prostate symptom score (IPSS),quality of life score (QOL),the maximum flow rate (Qmax),the post-void residual (PVR) and complications were observed in two groups. Results There were no significant differences in pa-tient age, preoperative duration, prostate weight, IPSS score,QOL score,Qmax and RUV between two groups. Patients in two groups were performed surgery successfully. The values of blood loss, bladder irrigating time and catheterization time were significantly less in ThuVEP group than those of TUEP group (P＜0.05). There were no postoperative complications in pa-tients of ThuVEP group. There were 5 cases of complications in TUEP group after operation. The values of IPSS score,QOL score,Qmax and RUV were significantly different after 3-12-month follow up than those before operation(P＜0.01),but no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion ThuVEP is a safe and more effective treatment than that of TURP for patients with BPH. ThuVEP can significantly improve the quality of life, and reduce complications in patients with BPH.

A total of 71 patients with premature ejaculation (PE) received hydrochloride sertraline treatment for 8 weeks and their serum levels of leptin and 5-hydroxytrytamine (5-HT) were determined.Their ejaculation functions were assessed with intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and Chinese index of premature ejaculation (CIPE-5) value.The study was compared with 64 normal males as control.The baseline level of leptin in the trial group was obviously higher than the controls (P ＜ 0.05) while the level of 5-HT in the trial group far lower than the controls (P ＜ 0.05).At 8 weeks,the level of leptin dropped while the level of 5-HT rose in the trial group after treatment.Therefore a high serum level of leptin and a low serum level of 5-HT may become biological indicators for PE.

Fifty nine patients with premature ejaculation (PE) received sertraline treatment for 8 weeks.The average intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and the scores of Chinese index of premature ejaculation (CIPE) were evaluated and the fasting serum leptin levels were measured before and after treatment,all the values were compared with those of 64 normal male controls.The serum leptin levels were higher,the IELT and CIPE scores were lower in PE patients than those in normal controls before treatment.After 8 weeks of treatment with sertraline,the levels of serum leptin in PE patients decreased to normal levels,CIPE and IELT increased.The results indicate that serum leptin can be used as a bioindicator for diagnosis of premature ejaculation and assessment of therapeutic efficacy in PE patients.

Objective To investigate the interrelationship between leptin and 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT)and their significance in diagnosis of premature ejaculation(PE).Methods 71 cases with lifelong PE(the trial group)and 64 healthy males(the control group)were enrolled in this case-control study.Baseline recording of intravaginal ejaculation latency time(IELT) using a stop watch and Chinese Index of Premature Ejaculation-5 (CIPE-5) were done.The serum leptin and 5-HT levels were determined.Then the trial group were given sertraline hydrochloride for 8 weeks,while the control group were not given any medicine treatment in this period.Reassessment was done after 8 weeks.Results At the baseline,the leptin level in the trial group was obviously higher than the control group(P ＜ 0.05),while 5-HT level in the trial group was far lower than the control group(P ＜0.05).After 8 weeks,the leptin level of the trial group dropped and the difference had no statistical significance with that of the control group(P ＞0.05).5-HT level of the trial group rose to the level very close to that of the control group after the treatment.Conclusion The high level of serum leptin and low level of serum 5-HT were the meaningful biological indicators for PE,which can potentially be applied in PE diagnosis.

Objective To analyze the gene mutation and clinical characteristics of BRCA 1/2 by high resolution melting curve ( HRM ) in breast cancer patients and high risk groups , and to discuss the application value for BRCA 1/2 mutation detection by using HRM curve analysis in people at high risk of breast cancer.Method The clinical control analysis was used ,Peripheral blood samples of 52breast cancer patients,their first-degree relatives (52 cases consisting of high risk group ) and 40 healthy people without family history of breast cancer cases were collected from Anhui Province Tumor Hospital or Bozhou People ′s Hospital during March 2015 to June 2016.To establish an effective method for BRCA 1/2 mutation detection by using HRM curve, and the mutation positive results were validated by gene sequencing .To analyze the correlation between the of BRCA 1/2 gene mutation and the risk factors , a logistic method was used .Results 9 cases of BRCA1/2 gene mutations were found in 52cases of breast cancer patients and the mutation rate was 17.3%.5 cases of BRCA1/2 gene mutations were found in 52 cases of breast cancer high risk groups and the mutation rate was 9.6%.In 40 healthy people who without family history of breast cancer cases ,we found only 1 gene mutation case.All the mutation positive results detected by HRM curve analysis were matched with gene sequencing results .BRCA1/2 gene mutations and the risk factors such as primiparous age and chronic mammary gland disease have a certain correlation .In the 9 cases of BRCA1/2 gene mutations , we found 5 cases of BRCA1/2 gene mutations in their first-degree relatives, with the consistency of 44.4%(4/9).Conclusion Thebreast cancer patients′s first-degree relatives have a high mutation rates on BRCA1/2 gene and they can be the key screening objects .HRM curve analysis can be used in health screening and risk assessment at the breast cancerhigh risk groups .

Objective To determine the effect of induction of immune tolerance by intrathymic injection of myelin basic protein (MBP) for treatment of surgical brain injury (SBI) in rats.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were divided into experimental group,control group and sham group with 8 rats each,according to the random number table.SBI model was established in experimental group and control group.Thymuses were exposed and injected with MBP (experimental group) or saline (control group) respectively.Sham group received craniotomy without durotomy and thymus paracentesis.Modified neurological severity score (MNSS),cerebral edema volume,levels of peripheral blood proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-2 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4,and CD4 +/CD8 + T-cell ratio were measured at postoperative 1,3,7,14 and 21 d.Results MNSS between control and experimental groups differed significantly at each time point (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to sham group,MNSS in experimental group was recovered the same value at 21 d (P ＞ 0.05),but in control group remained high over the study (P ＜ 0.05).Less cerebral edema was observed in control and experimental groups than in control group at each time point (P ＜ 0.05),but all were lower than these in sham group (P ＜ 0.05).Lower IL-2 concentrations and higher IL-4 concentrations were observed in experimental group than in control group at 3,7 and 14 d (P ＜0.05).Compared to sham group,IL-2 concentrations in experimental group and IL-4 concentrations in control group revealed no significant differences at each time point (P ＞0.05).CD4 +/CD8 + T-cell ratio between experimental group and control group revealed significant difference at 1,7 and 14 d (P ＜0.05).CD4 +/CD8 + T-cell ratio in experimental group and control group recovered to the same level in sham group at 7 and 21 d(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Induction of immune tolerance through intrathymic injection of MBP can reduce neurological deficit and brain edema and facilitate the recovery of function from SBI.