Objective To observe the effects of ischemic postconditioning (I-postC) on lung injury after limb ischemia reperfusion (LIR) in rats, and to investigate the protective effect and the mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into three groups:control group (group Control), ischemia-reperfusion group (group IR) and ischemic postcondi?tioning group (group I-postC). Referring to routine method in our department, the model rats underwent 4-hour ischemia and 4-hour reperfusion of hind limbs were made. In group Control, the rubber band around the limb was loose,which did not block the blood flow. Rats in group I-postC were given repeated 3 times of 5 min ischemia-5 min reperfusion, and then did perfusion 4 h before reperfusion. The blood and lung samples were collected for detecting arterial gas of partial pressure of oxygen [p(O2)] and partial pressure of carbon dioxide [p(CO2)]. The plasma and lung tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were detected. The morphological changes of lung tissue were ob?served under light microscope and electron microscope. Results It was found that after suffering from ischemia-reperfu?sion, levels of p(O2) and p(CO2) decreased significantly. The activity of SOD in plasma and lung tissues decreased, but XOD and MDA increased significantly (P<0.05). With microscope, lung interstitial vascular dilation, infiltration of neutrophils, the width of the alveolar space, alveolar septal thickening and alveolar exudate were found. Compared with IR group, it was found that p(O2) and p(CO2) increased significantly in group I-postC. The activity of SOD in plasma and lung tissues in?creased, but XOD and MDA decreased significantly(P<0.05). The mild damage of pathological changes were found. Conclu?sion Ischemic postconditioning can reduce the lung injury after limb ischemia reperfusion in rats, which may be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

Objective Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) has been reported with a close correlation with tumor multi-drug resistance. Real-time quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) was performed to detect the MRP1 gene expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its clinical signiifcance was analyzed. Methods Sixty-seven denovo ALL patients and 10 healthier children as bone marrow donor were studied. The chemotherapy was given according to CCLG-2008 protocol. SPSS software was employed to analyze the data and p-value below 0.05 was regarded as statistic signiifcance. Results MRP1 expression level showed a close correlation with ALL risk, the median of MRP1 expression was 4.28 (2.75~6.12), 5.62 (4.99~8.60) and 7.56 (3.66~11.13) for standard-risk group (SR), intermediate-risk group (IR) and high-risk group (HR), respectively. MRP1 mRNA expression in T-ALL group was 7.71 (6.49~14.35), which is higher than that of B-ALL (5.18(3.89~8.46)) (P<0.01). The rate of leukemia cells’ sensitivity to prednisone on 7th day was 70.6%in high expression group (n=34), which was signiifcantly lower than that in low expression group (n=33, 90.9%, P=0.035). The complete remission rateon 33th day was 64.7%in high expression group, and 87.9%in low expression group, which showed a signiifcant difference between them (P=0.026). Conclusions In children ALL, the expression of MRP1 is closely related with immunophenotyping, treatment response, hazard level and disease relapse.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relation between the pathogenesis and IL-8 level in the chronic hepatic disease and primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

METHODS5ml venous blood was with drawn from 80 hospitaliged patients with different types of hepatic diseases and 14 healthy people. The serum was separated from the blood and then kept at -40 degrees Centigrade, and finally detected for IL-8 by ELISA.

RESULTSThere was an obvious difference among the IL-8 level in the serum from different types of hepatic disease patients. The IL-8 level was 75.80 microg/L 33.39 microg/L in chronic virus hepatitis and it was 89.54 microg/L 13.24 microg/L for primary hepatoma patients (t=10.48 and 4.01, respectively, P<0.01, as compared with control group).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a close relation between the level of IL-8 in serum and the state of illness. For patients with chronic hepatic diseases and primary hepatocellular carcinoma, the higher the IL-8 level is, the more serious the patients' condition, the worse the prognosis, and the higher the death rate would be.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; pathology ; Chronic Disease ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Hepatitis ; blood ; pathology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; blood ; pathology ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Liver Diseases ; blood ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the classification and incidence of acid-base disturbance (ABD) in the patients with post-traumatic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). METHODS: A total of 119 patients with MODS were examined with arterial blood gas analysis and serum electrolytes detection for 675 times in this study. RESULTS: Different types of ABD existed in 647 times out of 675 times (95.9%) of blood-gas analyses. There were 270 times (41.7%) of simple ABD, 271 times (41.9%) of double ABD and 106 times (16.4%) of triple ABD. Among which, 404 times (62.4%) were in respiratory alkalosis (RAL), 332 times (51.3%) in metabolic acidosis (MA), 227 times (35.1%) in metabolic alkalosis (MAL) and 167 times (25.8%) in respiratory acidosis (RA). In this study, 79 cases (66.4%) out of 119 cases with MODS died from these kinds of ABD. CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that in the early stage of MODS, RAL with or without hypoxemia may exist, and later on, MA or even triple ABD may occur. In order to detect and correct the primary disorders as early as possible, it is important to keep the balance of hydrolyte. The treatment of primary diseases is also important. Disorders of acid-base balance were corrected according to pH standard values, anion gap (AG) and the potential [HCO(3)(-)] were also calculated simultaneously. When pH was more than 7.50 or lower than 7.20, it is necessary to give drugs of acidity or alkalinity to the patients with ABD to maintain pH value within a normal range.

Objective To study the protective effect and mechanism of maslinic acid (MA) on acute liver injury (ALI) in rats.Methods Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,and low (12.5 mg/kg),medium (25.0 mg/kg) and high doses (50.0 mg/kg) of MA,with 10 rats in each group.The control group was intraperitoneally injected with normal saline.The other groups were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (50 mg/kg) and D-Gal N (500 mg/kg) to prepare mouse AL[model.The MA groups were administered with 12.5,25.0,50.0 mg/kg MA 1 h before model establishment,respectively.All the mice were sacrificed 6 h after model establishment,and serum and liver tissues were collected.Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissue.Thiobarbituric acid method was used to determine malondialdehyde (MDA).H2O2 reaction product colorimetric was used to determine the content of myeloperoxidase (MPO).The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and liver tissue was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.Western Blot was conducted to detect the expression of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2),heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.Results Compared with the model group,the liver histopathology in the low,medium and high doses MA groups was significantly improved.The serum ALT and AST levels were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The contents of MDA and MPO in liver tissues were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The protein contents of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased,the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The NF-κB pathway was inhibited,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and liver tissues were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Conclusions MA has a protective effect on LPS/D-Gal N-induced ALI,and its mechanism is related to inhibition of NF-κB pathway and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Establishing fever clinic was an important achievement of the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and played an important role in the subsequent outbreaks of H1N1, H7N9 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Fever clinics have significant emergency characteristics, but there are no rescue conditions in the fever clinics. Consequently, the problem of establishment and management of fever clinics is still outstanding. Based on the development of fever clinics, this paper analyzes the operational dilemma of fever clinics, explores the measures of establishment and management of fever clinics, and constructs the operational mechanism of fever clinics in order to provide the basis for the emergency management system of public health emergencies, which is suitable for Chinese health system.

Objective:To investigate the role of IL-21/IL-21R-mediated CD4 + T cells in Chlamydia muridarum ( Cm) respiratory infection. Methods:C57BL/6 mice (WT mice) and IL-21R -/- mice were used to establish the models of Cm respiratory infection through intranasal inhalation of Cm. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion, number, activity and function of CD4 + T cells in lung and spleen tissues at 0, 3, 7 and 14 d after Cm respiratory tract infection. IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in spleen cell culture supernatants were detected by ELISA. Na?ve WT mice were transferred with CD4 + T cells in the spleen tissues of IL-21R -/- mice or WT mice on 7 d after infection and given Cm intranasally 2 h later. Then the mice were weighed daily and sacrificed on 14 d after infection. The bacterial load and pathological changes in lung were analyzed. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the proportions and numbers of neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Gr-1 high) and alveolar macrophages (CD45 + F4/80 + CD11c high)as well as the proportions of Th1 (IFN-γ + CD4 + ) and Th2 (IL-4 + CD4 + ) cells. ELISA was also performed to measure IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in spleen cell culture supernatants. Results:Compared with WT mice, IL-21R -/- mice showed elevated numbers and enhanced activation of CD4 + T cells, increased proportion of Th1 cells and decreased proportion of Th2 cells in spleen and lung tissues after Cm respiratory infection. Besides, IFN-γ levels increased, while IL-4 levels decreased in spleen cell culture supernatants of IL-21R -/- mice. After Cm infection, the na?ve WT transferred with CD4 + T cells from IL-21R -/- mice showed less body weight loss, reduced bacterial load and alleviated pathological changes in lung tissues, increased proportion of Th1 cells in lung tissue and higher IFN-γ level in spleen cell culture supernatants. Conclusions:IL-21/IL-21R-mediated CD4 + T cells could aggravate Cm respiratory infection by suppressing Th1 cell immune responses.