BACKGROUND:At present, there is no relevant systematic research about the effects of ankle-foot orthoses on lower limb muscles. OBJECTIVE:To extract the main features of the surface electromyography signals of the lower limbs from normal people with ankle-foot orthoses and to analyze the effects of the fixed ankle-foot orthoses on lower limb muscle fatigue. METHODS:Each of five male healthy young adults was respectively required to walk with and without special ankle-foot orthoses for three times. (1) Group 1, walking in a nature gait without orthoses. (2) Group 2, walking in a natural gait with ankle-foot orthoses (the ankle center was packaged over 1.0 cm by the orthoses that was recorded 1.0 cm); wearing the same orthoses but 1.0 cm in the ankle was removed and the ankle plastic edge was just through the ankle center to colect the data (recorded as 0 cm); after 1.0 cm was removed again in the ankle, walking in a natural gait (recorded as-1.0 cm). (3) Group 3, wearing 1.5 cm heel-height ankle-foot orthoses and walking in a natural gait; wearing the same orthoses but with 1.0 cm and 2.0 cm heel-height and walking in a natural gait. During walking, surface electromyography signals were colected from the biceps femoris muscle, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius of the lower limbs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Without orthoses, the surface electromyography signals were the weakest. (2) For any muscle, the electrical activity of subjects without orthoses was weaker than that of subjects wearing orthoses at different hardness. (3) For the biceps femoris muscle, the integral electrical value without orthoses was very close to that wearing orthoses with normal heel height. Meanwhile, these two values were lower than that wearing orthoses with abnormal heel height. These findings indicate that the fixed plastic ankle-foot orthoses could cause the fatigue of the biceps femoris muscle, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius; and the orthoses with abnormal heel height can further increase the fatigue of the biceps femoris muscle.

Objective To investigate the effect of Gekko on experimental autoimmune myositis(EAM)animal model.Methods From Nov.2003 to May.2004,in the first hospital of Ji Lin university,Guinea pigs were immunized with rabbit muscle homogenate in Freund's adjuvant and a generalized myositis fundamentally similar to humanpolymyositis was established.These animals were divided at random into A,B,C,D groups.A group were treated with small dose Gekko [1 250 mg/(kg?d)],B group were treated with large dose Gekko [3 750 mg/(kg?d)],C group were treated with preinisone [3 mg/(kg?d)],D group received no treatment.Sign,serum muscle enzyme,electromyography(EMG)and muscle biopsy changes were compared.Results A,B,C groups became better.D group showed no significant change.Conclusion Gekko is effective in therapy of EAM guinea pigs.The result of this study provides an evidence that Gekko mightbe used for the treatment of PM.

Objective To explore the feasibility and proper time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)for the treatment of gallstones complicated with acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP).Methods From January 1999 to August 2007,72 patients with gallstones complicated with ABP were treated with LC in our department.Among the patients,early LC was performed on 56 cases when their symptoms of pancreatitis were relieved,elective LC was carried out in 8 patients,while emergent LC was required in the other 8 patients because of failure of conservative treatment.Results The LC was successfully completed in all the cases with a mean operation time of 63 min(30-135 min),and a mean blood loss of 50 ml(20-230 ml).Intraoperative cholangiography was carried out in 5 patients,4 of them were diagnosed as having stones in the lower common bile duct,and were then cured by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)and endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)after LC.Only one patient was converted to open surgery.No perioperative death,or postoperative biliary hemorrhage or leakage occurred in this series.After the operation,pathological examinations revealed multiple small or sand-like stones in the resected gallbladders.The patients were followed up for 2 months to 8 years(mean 19 months);during this period,no recurrent pancreatitis or cholelithiasis was found.Conclusions LC is feasible and safe for patients with gallstones complicated with acute pancreatitis at early stage if perioperative treatments has been properly carried out.Preoperative MRCP,intraoperative cholangiography,and postoperative EST are essential auxiliary techniques for the treatment.

Cinobufacini is an aqueous extract of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor dried skin, which has been widely used for cancer therapy in China. So far, its active components are still not very clear. In previous reports, bufadienolides with low-concentration were usually studied because of their anticancer effects. However, the high polarity constituents in cinobufacini are less investigated. The present study found that more than 50% contents of cinobufacini were water-soluble peptides. Then, in vitro anticancer experiments were carried out, including human stomach cancer cell lines BGC823 and MCG803, human colon cancer cell lines DLD-1 and HT-29, and human pancreatic cancer cell line MIAPACA-2. The IC50 for these cell lines model were ranged from 25-123 microgmL(-1). The results indicated that these peptides showed similar activity with cinobufacini injection. As a conclusion, this study provides a new and further understanding of anticancer components in cinobufacini injection.

Objective:To study the effects of the modified sandblasting surface treatment on the bone implant interfacial shear strength of titanium dental implant.Methods:Titanium implants with smooth surface or modified sandblasted surface were inserted into femoral medialis condyli of dogs at random.The samples of implant with surrounding bone tissue were prepared in blockes and the shear strength of the interface was measured with Instron electronic pull out tester 2,4 and 12 weeks after operation. The modified sandblasted surface of the implant was observed with SEM and X ray spectroscopy 12 weeks after operation.Results:2 and 12 weeks after implantation the shear strength(MPa) between bone tissue and implants with modified sandblasted surface was 4.28?0.88 and 7.54?0.34 respectively,that between bone tissue and implants with smooth surface 0.09?0.08 and 1.43?0.46 respectively.SEM and X ray spectroscopy observation revealed that the most parts of the sandblasted surface of the implants were covered by bone tissue and bone matrix deposited into the pores created by the acid etching.Conclusion:The rough surface of titanium dental implant created by the modified sandblasting surface treatment can enhance the shear strength between bone tissue and implant.

Objective To study the role of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy(3DCRT) in the treatment of elderly non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients.Methods From 2000 to 2004,39 elderly NSCLC patients(range 70-87 years) were treated by 3DCRT.Their Karnovsky performance score was 50-60 in 20 patients and those of the other 19 patients were not less than 70.Prescription dose were 40-60?Gy,with a median of 50?Gy.Results Thirty-six(92%) patients'symptoms were relieved at the end of treatment,with the other three patients' symptoms steady.Complete response and partial response was achieved in 19 and 17 patients respectively.The 1-year survival rate was 60%,with a median survival time of 10 months.Conclusions Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy is effective for elderly NSCLC patients in terms of symptom relief.For treatment choice of these senior NSCLC patients,the balance between tumor control and quality of life should be carefully considered.

The purpose of this research work is to find out the longitudinal distribution of the preganglionic neurons which project to the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (SCSG). Experiments were performed on 12 adult rabbits and a monkey. Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, 20 microliters of 10% HRP were injected slowly into the rabbit's SCSG. In the monkey, 20 microliters of 15% HRP was injected.After a postoperative survival time of 3～6 days, the animals were perfused through,the ascending aorta with a cold fixative mixture composed of 2% paraformaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldyhyde in 0.1mol phosphatebuffer at pH 7.4. The spinal cord segments C_1～L_3 were cut serially in transverse plane on a cryostat at 48 micra.The HRP reaction product was demonstrated according to Mesulam's (1976) benzidine blue reaction method, and counterstained with neutral red.HRP labeled neurons in the spinal cord were located exclusively on the side ipsilateral to the injected SCSG. The total number of labeled cells were 7908 in 12 rabbits, but the number of labeled cells varied from animal to animal. The highest amount was 1690 (423~#) and the lowest amount was 71 (425~#). The longitudinal distribution of the labeled cells in 12 rabbits was 12 segaments of the spinal cord (C_6～T_9), but the largest proportion (86.18%) of them was concentrated from T_1 to T_4, especially at the level of T_2 and T_3 (56.22%), and with a peak at T_2 (29.10%).In cross section of the spinal cord. HRP-labeled cells were concentrated in four cell groups, they are: nucleus intermediolateralis pars principalis (ILp), nucleus intermediolateralis pars funicularis (ILf), nucleus intercalatus (IC) and nucleus intercalatus pars paraependymalis (ICpe). The latter is subdivided into dorsal portion and ventral portion. HRP positive cells were mainly located in the ILp, In 12 rabbits about 92.99% cells were located in it. A small portion of labeled cells(6.25%) were seen in the ILf. A few labeled neurons could be detected within,the IC (0.68%) and ICpe (0.08%). Furthermore, occasionally, very few labeled cells were found at the dorsol portion of the anterior horn.In the monkey, generally speaking, the pattern of the distribution of labeled cells was the same as the rabbit.

Objective To compare the results and safety between video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery ( VATS ) and conventional radical operation in patients with stage Ⅰ , Ⅱ esophageal cancer. Methods Retrospectively reviewed 43 patients with stage Ⅰ , Ⅱ esophageal cancer,underwent either VATS radical operation (VATS group,16 cases) or conventional radical operation (control group,27 cases ) from September 2007 to September 2009. Patient's operative characteristics and postoperative courses were compared between two groups. Results In VATS group the operation time was ( 115.6 ± 48.0) min,the peri-operative blood loss was ( 131 ± 71 ) ml,the first postoperative day chest lead quantity was (331 ± 170)ml, the time of postoperative chest tube was (7.25 ± 2.35) d,the postoperative 36 h visual analogue scale (VAS) was (3.4 ± 1.2) scores,the postoperative drainage of chest was ( 1281 ± 534) ml,the 72 h postoperative locomotor activity of right upper extremity was (5.1 ± 1.5) cm. While in control group was ( 145.6 ± 20.6)min, (292 ± 111 ) ml, (494 ± 194) ml, ( 10.00 ± 2.79 )d, (7.3 ± 1.4) scores, ( 1780 ± 731 ) ml, ( 15.6 ± 3.1 )cm respectively (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05 ). The lymph node dissection number,the total cost of hospital between were no statistically significant differences in two groups (P ＞0.05). Conclusion Comparing with conventional radical operation, VATS radical operation for patients with stage Ⅰ , Ⅱ esophageal cancer appears to be as effective but less morbid.

Objective To evaluate the preventive effect of entecavir on liver injury in chronic HBV infected patients complicated with tuberculosis receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment.Methods A total of 102 chronic HBV infected patients complicated with tuberculosis were collected from Guangzhou Eighth People' s Hospital and Guangzhou Chest Hospital during January 2011 and May 2012.Patients were divided into three groups:group A (n =33) received entecavir plus anti-tuberculosis treatment,group B (n =29) received lamivudine plus anti-tuberculosis treatment,and group C (n =40) received anti-tuberculosis treatment only.Liver injury,termination of treatment,liver function and HBV DNA load before and after treatment were observed.SPSS 13.0 was used for statistial analysis.Results Two cases (6.1％) in group A,6 cases (20.6％) in group B and 22 cases (55.0％) in group C had liver injury,and the difference among three groups was of statistical difference (x2 =22.126,P ＜ 0.01),but the difference between group A and group B was not significant (x2 =3.024,P＞0.05).One case (3.0％) in group A,3 cases (10.3％) in group B and 15 cases (37.5％) in group C terminated the treatment,and the difference among three groups was of statistical significance (x2 =16.008,P ＜ 0.01),but the difference between group A and group B was not significant (x2 =1.410,P ＞0.05).ALT and AST in group A and group B were not of significant differences before and after anti-tuberculosis treatment,but those in group C were significantly higher (Z =18.306,16.821,P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in HBV DNA load among three groups before the treatment (Z =0.460,P ＞ 0.05),while HBV DNA loads in group A and group B significantly decreased during the treatment,and the difference among three groups after the treatment was significant (Z =23.213,P ＜0.01).In addition,lower HBV DNA load was observed in group A compared with group B after one month anti-tuberculosis treatment (Z =8.109,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Early use of entecavir can effectively prevent liver injury during anti-tuberculosis treatment,ensuring anti-tuberculosis treatment and anti-HBV treatment carried out as planned.

Objectives To explore the role of CD4+T cell-derived leptin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in asthmatic children. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of both healthy subjects and asthmatic children in attack and remission stages. CD4+T cells were purified from PBMCs by mag-netic beads and were cultured in vitro. Supernatants were used to detect the levels of leptin by ELISA. The expression of the orphan nuclear receptor (ROR)γt was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) method. Results There was significant difference in CD4+T cell-derived leptin levels of asthmatic children in attack stage (68.46±13.08 pg/ml), remis-sion stage (36.73±6.13 pg/ml) and normal controls (32.82±5.79 pg/ml) (P<0.01). Through pairwise comparison, the leptin levels in children in attack stage were significantly higher than those in remission stage and normal control groups (P<0.01). But no statistical significance was found between remission stage group and normal controls (P>0.05). The plasma leptin of children in attack stage and remission stage, as well as in normal subjects were 16.64 ± 3.53, 14.91 ± 3.24 and 13.72 ± 5.79 ng/ml respectively with no significant differences (P>0.05). The levels of RORγt mRNA were 0.341 ± 0.175, 0.089±0.028 and 0.068±0.018 in children with asthma during attack stage, remission stage and in normal children respec-tively (P<0.01). Compared to remission and normal control groups, the RORγt mRNA level of children in attack stage was markedly higher (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between asthmatic children in remission stage and the healthy controls (P>0.05). Furthermore, the result of this study showed CD4+T cell-derived leptin positively correlated to RORγt in asthmatic children in attack stage (r=0.681, P<0.01). Conclusions CD4+T cell-derived leptin is elevated in asthmatic children in attack stage and its level is closely related to the pathological process of asthma.