BACKGROUND:As the cardiovascular device, biomaterials applied under the blood-contact conditions should have anti-thrombotic, anti-biodegradable and anti-infective properties. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progression in polymer materials for implantation and intervention in cardiovascular tissue engineering and to explore the biocompatibility, blood compatibility and cytocompatibility of the surface-modified polymer biomaterials based on the surface endothelialization using tissue engineering techniques. METHODS:We retrieved PubMed and Wanfang databases for relevant articles publishing from 1963 to 2015. The key words were“Biocompatibility, Blood compatibility, Biomedical Materials, Biomedical polymer materials”in English and Chinese, respectively. Those unrelated, outdated and repetitive papers were excluded. Literatures addressing the blood compatibility, biocompatibility, and cytocompatibility of the surface-modified polymer biomaterials based on the surface endothelialization using tissue engineering techniques were investigated by summarizing function of vascular endothelial cel s, tissue-engineered endothelial cel s on the implant surface, fixation of cel growth-promoting factor on the surface of polymeric biomaterials, and endothelialization of the material surface. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 71 relevant articles were included. The tissue-engineered modification of endothelial cel s on the surface of polymer biomaterials and their biocompatibility and cel compatibility are crucial for developing novel polymer materials for implantation and intervention in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Through in-depth studies of the types and applications of polymer biomaterials, cardiovascular medical devices and implantable soft tissue substitutes, the differences between the surface and the body wil be reflected in the many layers of molecules extending from the surface to the body. Two major factors, surface energy and molecular mobility, determine the body/surface behaviors that include body/surface differences and phase separation. Considering the difference between the body/surface composition, an additional determinant is indispensable, that is, the crystal ization behavior of each component.

BACKGROUND: Biomedical materials contact internal environment of human body, and sometimes are implanted into organism. Therefore, they should have biocompatibility, chemical stability, suitable physical mechanical function and simple processing and molding, but no toxicity.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preparation of biomedical polymer anticoagulant materials in the aspects of bioinert material, biological active surface, albumin structure and application in anticoagulation.METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed and Wanfang database was performed for articles related to preparation of biomedical polymer anticoagulant materials published between 1969 and 2010.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Currently preparation of anticoagulant materials commonly utilizes bioinert surface or bioactive surface alone, which has obtained good effects, but the biocompatibility, such as blood compatibility, cannot be retained for a long period of time. The combination of bioinert surface and bioactive surface plus albumin, natural constitutions in human blood may be the trend of anticoagulant materials development. Polyethylene glycol with high bioinert property in combination with albumin recognition factor cibacron blue with high bioactivity can be used to prepare active modifier, which is used to modify polyurethane.

Icariin and total flavonoids in "Xianlinggubao Capsule", a Chinese herbal preparationcontaining Epimedium L. as the main ingredient for the treatment of osteoporosis, were determined quan-titatively by HPLC and UV spectrophotometry respectively. It was found that the contents of icariin were4.16～27.67 mg/g and that of flavonoids were 62. 56～109.78 mg/g. The recoveries were 96.17% and103.58% respectively. The method could be used for the quality control of the drug.

BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular biomaterials applied under the blood-contact conditions must have anti-thrombotic, anti-biodegradable and anti-infective properties. OBJECTIVE:To develop novel polymer materials for implantation and intervention in cardiovascular tissue engineering and then to explore the biological, blood and cellcompatibilities of corresponding surface-modified polymer biomaterials based on surface construction and biological response.
METHODS:We retrieved PubMed and WanFang databases for relevant articles publishing from 1984 to 2013. The key words were“biocompatibility, blood compatibility, biomedical materials, biomedical polymer materials”in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Here, we analyze the fol owing four aspects:protein adsorption, biometric identification in celladhesion, and the“waterfal model”for enzyme catalysis during blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Consequently, it is concluded that the functional surface construction of polymer biomaterials and research on corresponding biocompatibility and endothelial cellcompatibility are crucial for developing novel polymer materials for implantation and intervention in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Through in-depth studies of the types and applications of polymer biomaterials, cardiovascular medical devices and implantable soft tissue substitutes, the differences between the surface and the body wil be reflected in the many layers of molecules extending from the surface to the body. Two major factors, surface energy and molecular mobility, determine the body/surface behaviors that include body/surface differences and phase separation. Considering the difference between body/surface composition, an additional determinant is indispensable, that is the crystal ization behavior of each component.

?Objective: To design a new implant distraction apparatus.Methods:The implant distraction apparatus was designed on the bases of Ilizarov theory,made of pure titanium TA 2 and prepared as a set including distractor and accessories.Inferior edge of a dog's mandible was prepared for implantation. After horizontal osteotomy, two implant distraction devices were applied.Results:The transport bone segment was vertically augmented 3 5 mm successfully,and the ditraction apparatus was stable.Conclusion: The implant distraction device is functional in distraction osteogenesis.

Objective: To study the microstructure of e-polytetra fluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane and chitin membrane and to observe the growth of osteoblasts on the membrane. Methods: Light microscope and scanning electronic microscope were used to study the microstructure of e-PTFE membrane and chitin membrane. Cell culture methods and cell counting were used to observe the growth of osteoblasts on the two kinds of membrane. Results: The chitin membrane showed a compact structure without any pore in it. There were many shallow dents with the diameter of 5-8 ?m on it's surface. However, in e-PTFE membrane many tiny lined cracks (1-5 ?m in width and 5-15 ?m in length) in elliptic structure were observed. The adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts on the two kinds of membranes were both well. ALP measurement showed that there were no significant difference between each of the two membrane groups and the control. Conclusions: Both membranes have no negative effects on the growth of osteoblasts. Both membranes are biocompatibile and their microstructure is appropriate for guided bone regeneration materials.

[Objective]To compare the value of the MR imaging and arthroscopy for detecting articular cartilage erosion,and to evaluate the clinical effect of MR imaging on the correct diagnosis in the early stage of articular cartilage lesion.[Method]Twenty-six patients(27 knees)with persistent knee pain who were scheduled for arthroscopy underwent MR scanning,including 3D FS-FSPGR,FSE PDWI and FSE T1WI sequences.The results of each sequence were then compared with the arthroscopic findings.[Result]Using arthroscopic results as the standard of reference,the 3D FS-FSPGR images had the higher sensitivity(96.5%)and accuracy(95.0%)than the standard MR imaging,the 3D FS-FSPGR sequence was well consistent with the result of arthroscopic,Kappa value was higher(0.776)than the other sequences(P

Objective The study combined multiple local flaps to repair small or medium-sized area of facial skin and soft tissue defects,and to explore the advantages of the local flap collaboration repair.Methods Following the partition repair principle and depending on the wound size and location of these defects,the appropriate local flap was selected to cover the wound.Therefore,the incision was hidden and conformed to the face natural contour or skin wrinkles.Results 77 patients were treated in this group,74 cases got phase] healing and the other 3 got phase Ⅱ healing; all were followed-up for 1 to 8 months.The repair flap and surrounding skin had good similarity in terms of color,texture and contour,the incisions were hidden and the scars were not obvious; no tumor had recurred.The face contour and visual effects were good,and the aesthetic results were satisfactory.Conclusions The combined application of several different local skin flap to repair facial trauma defects,can not only reduce the overall difficulty and risk,reduce surgical complications,but also improve the repair quality,to maximize the recovery of facial aesthetic appearance.

Surface physical chemical properties of tissue-engineered materials are greatly important for histocompatibility of the materials. Therefore, surface modification based on original physical mechanical performance could promote cell attachment and growth or bioactive molecule, and significantly improve material cell compatibility. To date, plasma and grafting has become main methods of surface modification of polymers. This paper introduced plasma and grafting methods of surface modification of materials and the application in tissue engineering.

To purify the protein encoding the small capsid protein (SCP) of KSHV and analyze its immunogenicity, the carboxyl terminus of orf65 of Kaposi's sarcoma associated-herpesvirus (KSHV) was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system. The expression of recombinant E. coli containing pQE-80L-orf65 was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and the fusion protein was purified by chromatography. The expressed protein and its purified product were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and showed that 9 kDa was the expected size of the purified orf65 protein. The antiserum was produced in rabbit which was immunized by purified orf65 protein. An ELISA assay was established to analyze the immunogenicity of the purified orf65 protein. The ELISA analysis demonstrated that orf65 protein has strong immune activity, and the immune activity of polyclonal antibody against orf65 was more than 4 fold higher than that in the serum of the non-immunized rabbit. These results demonstrate that purified orf65 protein has very strong immunogenicity and can be used in screening KSHV infection in the general population using ELISA.