Objective To make a accurate, simple method for determination which is suitable for application in basic level units to test nitrate nitrogen in drinking water. Methods Based on the principle that catalyzed by the Cu2+, NO3- is reduced by hydrazine sulfate into NO2-, then it reacts on sulfanilamide in hydrochloric acid to produce a diazo compound, the latter reacts on NEDD to produce a rose dye. Results The maximum wave-length of the was 555 nm, the molar absorption coefficient was 6.5?106L/(mol?cm), RSD were 0.55%-2.07%, the rates of recovery were 91.3%-109.6%. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 40-320 ?g/L(1-8 ?g /25 ml). Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, accurate and suitable for application in basic level units to determine nitrate nitrogen in drinking water.

Objective To explore the effects of amiodarone on rapid ventrile rate atrial fibrillation (Af) in elder patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Besides the injection, an oral amiodarone was given to 96 elder patients,observing the condition of converting and maintaining of atrial fibrillation,ventricular rate controlling, blood pressure changing,mortality in 30 days and negative effects in 96 elder patients with AMI and Af. Results Eighty-two cases (84.4%) restore sinus rhythm, the cardioversion rate is 85.4%(P<0.01). 8 cases failed to cardioversion, 6 cases died . The ventricular rate were significantly lowered than before the treatment (P<0.01). All cases appeared no significant changes in blood pressure (P>0.05). Conclusion In AMI, vein plus oral application amiodarone treat the fast ventricular rate is effective and safety for patients with Af.

OBJECTIVE To find out the prevalent distribution and multidrug resistance trend of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus(MRS) and to prevent fulminant prevalence of MRS and opt for effective therapeutic means.METHODS The bacterium was(identified) by the way of API Staph and the TH-16S′s coding tube.The(antimicrobial) susceptibility testing was adoped by ATB-STAPH5 and MRS was examined by dilution and K-B.All statistical analyses were performed using SPLM 3.0 software.RESULTS The isolation rate of meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) and meticillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS) was 38.09%,20.00%and 87.65%,89.00%,(respectively) in 2 years.Along with the age of patients,the infection from MRS was(increasing).The isolation rate of MRSA was 28-26%,but that of MRCNS was more than 80% from S.epidermidis,S.haemolyticus,S.hominis,and S.saprophyticus subsp saprophyticus.All parts of our body can be(infected) by MRS.The more than 30% MRSA were multidrug resistant and the approximately 11.87-13.75% MRCNS were also multidrug(resistant).(CONCLUSIONS) The isolation rate of MRSA from national surveillance(network) is not(different) with that of MRCNS.

Objective To explore the relationship between smoking and pain intensity in heroin-dependent patients (HDPs) receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).Methods A total of 603 HDPs from MMT outpatients completed a socio-demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire,a smoking questionnaire,Heaviness of Smoking Index,and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale.Five-point Verbal Rating Scale was used to assess pain intensity.Results After adjustment for the confounding effects of socio-demographics,clinical characteristics,and depressive symptoms in the analysis of covariance,smokers had significantly higher pain intensity score compared with non-smokers (F=1 1.836,P=0.002).Multiple comparisons showed that the pain intensity level of patients with moderate-to-severe nicotine dependence was the highest,patients with mild nicotine dependence took the second place,and patients with no nicotine dependence was the lowest [(3.11±1.04) vs.(2.67±1.13) vs.(2.47± 1.15),all P＜0.05].Conclusion Smoking is significantly associated with pain in HDPs receiving MMT.The more severe the nicotine dependence that a HDP has,the intense the pain he/she has.

[Objective] To observe the anti - aging effects and explore the mechanism of Qibao Meiran Pellet (QMP) and its modified prescriptions, including QMP with qi - invigorating and spleen - strengthening herbs, with kidney -nourishing herbs or with blood - activating and purgative herbs. [ Methods ] Ten - month - old model rats were established by D - galactose. Serum free radical levels and immune indexes in QMP group and various modified QMP groups were observed. [ Results ] QMP increased the activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD). QMP combined with kidney - nourishing herbs or blood - activating and purgative herbs decreased the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH - Px) and SOD. Meanwhile, QMP combined with kidney -nourishing herbs increased interleukin - 2 activities. [ ConclusionJ QMP, mainly composed of herbs for nourishing liver and spleen, can delay the aging of rats, and spleen - strengthening herbs and blood - activating and purgative herbs also play an important role in the delay of aging. Furthermore, it is suggested that the anti - aging effect of herbal medicine is related to the sex.

Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicines which possess laxative, lipid-lowering, and weight-loss activities, but the active compounds of lipid-lowering and underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet clear. This study aims to explore the effects of chrysophanol on the mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and lipid metabolism in human liver carcinoma Huh-7 cells, which is one of the active compounds obtained from Rhubarb. A reporter gene assay was used to test the transcription of SREBP. The intracellular triglyceride and total cholesterol contents were measured by using commercially available test kits. The SREBPs target genes expressions were measured by Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Cell viability was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8. As the results shown, chrysophanol (40 μmol · L(-1), 16 h) could notably inhibited human SRE promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner and decrease intracellular cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of SREBPs target genes were significantly downregulated by chrysophanol treatment. However there are no significant differences on cell viability when compared with the control group. These results suggested that chrysophanol might improve lipid metabolism through suppressing the mRNA expressions of SREBPs target genes to attenuate intracellular lipid accumulation.

BACKGROUND: The effective chemical constituents and the precise action mechanism of Cassia obtusifolia L. seed to rats with hypercholesterolemia are not clear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of anthraquinones from Cassia obtusifolia L. on hypolipidemic activity and endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis in rats with experimental hyperlipoidemia, and to explore the effective compound and the mechanism of Cassia obtusifolia L. seed on hypolipidemic action. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal experiment was performed from September 2003 to May 2004. All rats were raised and tested at the College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University. Blood sample was collected from the tail vein at the Institute of Biotechnology to detect blood lipid, survival rate, and to culture cells. MATERIALS: Forty-five male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish animal models of hypedipoidemia by intragastrically with fat emulsion. Cassia obtusifolia L. seed was purchased from Guangzhou Dispensary, China, and further identified by South China Plant Institute. Anthraquinones were extracted from Cassia obtusifolia L. by the Institute of Biotechnology of South China Normal University. METHODS: Forty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=15): a control group, 80 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg anthraquinones groups. Rat models in each group were given fat emulsion in the morning and afternoon 2 days after model induction, once in morning. Rat modes were treated with corresponding doses of drugs in the two experimental groups. Rat models were administrated with the same volume of saline in the control group, once a day, for 20 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of anthraquinones on endogenous cholesterin in Chinese hamster oocytes was measured by amphotericin B cell models. The levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density iipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were detected by enzyme endpoint method. Survival rate of Chinese hamster oocytes (A570) was tested by methyl thiazolyi tetrazolium (MTT) with spectrophotometric determination. RESULTS: Anthraquinones significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C levels and increased HDL-C levels in hyperlipidemic rats in a dose-dependant pattern. Anthraquinones elevated the survival rate of Chinese hamster oocytes. CONCLUSION: Anthraquinones can decrease blood lipid levels. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis of anthraquinones may be one of the underlying mechanism involved in decreasing blood lipid.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of glucocorticoids in the treatment of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM), and to discuss the optimal stage to add glucocorticoids during the treatment. Methods Twenty-four patients having received the core needle biopsy were involved. Ten cases with the explicit pathological diagnosis received the glucocorticoids therapy following the subtotal excision after remission. Pathological diagnoses of the rest 14 patients were undefined. For these 14 patients, simple partial excisions were given and the postoperative pathological diagnoses were presented as the GLM. Of all the 14 patients who accepted the surgical treatment firstly, 8 patients received the postoperative glucocorticoids adjuvant therapy. For the rest 6 patients, steroid hormone therapy was not used after surgery, and they were followed up postoperatively. All patients' clinical and pathological information were collected and analyzed. Results All patients were followed up for 6-36 months (average 18) by the outpatient service. Of all the 10 patients who received the glucocorticoids therapy before surgery, only 1 patient of them got the GLM recurrence. For the 8 patients who received the postoperative glucocorticoids treatment, only 1 patient got the recurrence. For the 6 patients who received simple partial excision, the recurrence of the GLM may be up to 3. There was no statistical difference between the two groups who both received the 05). But compared with the pure surgery treatment, the difference was obviously (P<0.05). Conclusions The clinical presentation and imaging performance of GLM are unspecific, so the diagnosis of the GLM is difficult. There is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment for GLM. The glucocorticoids therapy may be necessary preoperatively or postoperatively. For the patient with clear preoperative biopsy diagnosis, preoperative glucocorticoids adjuvant chemotherapy followed by the wide excision may be an effective method.

Objective To investigate the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-7 and their elinieopathologieal significance in eoloreetal carcinomas. Methods The expression of MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-7 mRNA and MMP-2, MMP-7 in 42 samples of eoloreetal carcinomas and its adjacent normal eoloreetal mueosa were examined using fluo-rescence quantitative RT-PCR (FQ-RT-PCR) and immunohistoehemistry. The relationship of their expression with some elinieopathologieal characteristics was analyzed. Results MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-7 mRNA and MMP-2, MMP-7 were significantly over-expressed in eoloreetal carcinomas compared with its adjacent normal eoloreetal mueosa( P < 0.05 ) , and they were positively associated with bowel wall invasion, the regional lymph node metastasis and Dukes stage. The expression of MMP-2 mRNA and MMP-7 mRNA was positively correlated with MMP-2 and MMP-7 in eoloreetal eareinornas. Conclusions MMP-2 and MMP-7 may play a key role in eoloreetal carcinogenesis,tumor in-vasion and metastasis. Examination of combined MMP-2 and MMP-7 expression may have an important significance to judge the malignant degree and biological behavior of human eoloreetal carcinoma and for evaluating the progno-sis.

Objective To investigate the relationships of peripheral blood levels of interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R),a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS-1) and high sensitive C reactive protein (hs CRP) with Gensini score and Ambrose classification in patients with coronary heart disease,and to investigate the correlations of IL-6R,ADAMTS-1 and hsCRP levels with unstable coronary atherosclerotic plaques.Methods 328 patients undergoing coronary angiography were admitted,and 272 patients were diagnosed as coronary heart disease including 105 cases with acute myocardial infarction (AMI),126 cases with unstable angina peetoris (UA) and 41 cases with stable angina pectoris (SA).The 56 cases with no coronary artery stenosis were selected as control group.We detected the levels of IL-6R,ADAMTS 1 and hs-CRP in all patients,and then evaluated their Gensini scores by coronary angiography,and appraised the character of the plaque by Ambrose classification.Results The serum levels of IL 6R and ADAMTS-1 were higher in AMI and UA groups than in SA and normal control groups (all P＜0.05).The level of hsCRP was higher in AMI group than in UA,SA and control groups (all P＜0.05).The levels of IL-6R,ADAMTS 1 and hs-CRP were higher in complex lesion group evaluated by Ambrose classification than in simple lesion group and normal control group (all P＜0.05).ADAMTS-1 level was higher in simple lesion group than in normal control group (P＜0.05).The level of IL 6R was positively correlated with ADAMTS-1 levels (r=0.70,P＜0.05),while the serum IL-6R,ADAMTS-1 and hsCRP levels had no relationship with Gensini score in patients with coronary heart disease (all P＞ 0.05).Conclusions The IL-6R,ADAMTS-1 and hs-CRP levels can be the indexes for evaluating the plaque stability in patients with coronary heart disease,but have no relationships with the severity of coronary artery stenosis.