SNP may play an important role in the mechanism of sepsis. Detection SNP of the patients with sepsis may be the key point to the individualization treatment in near future.

Objective: Using MB-80 Microbiology Kinetic Rapid Reader, the methods were established to quantitatively measure the body fluid content of bacterial endotoxin and fungus in infectious patients. Methods: The blood samples were collected from Gram negative bacterial infection and deep mycosis patients and healthy volunteers. After pre-treatment, the plasma samples were measured using MB-80 system through kinetic turbidimetric limulus test method. The system computer could calculate the content of endotoxin and fungus during 1 hour detection. Results: The detection methods of endotoxin and fungus using MB-80 were simple and rapid. The process of pre-treatment was standardized and the results had good repeatability. The normal ranges of plasma endotoxin and fungus of human healthy volunteers were (2.03?2.32)ng/L and (2.46?2.15)ng/L respectively. The plasma endotoxin level of abdominal infection patients was increased significantly to 50-3 958 ng/L. The fungus level of deep mycosis patients was enhanced to 20-2 381 ng/L. Conclusion: The methods of endotoxin and fungus quantitatively measurement by MB-80 are simple and convenient and have results with good repeatability. The new detection methods of endotoxin and fungus can be used for diagnosis of endotoxemia and deep mycosis in early stage of infection.

Objectives:To study the alterations of NF-?B activation in PBMC, in order to clarify the signal transcription of NF-?B concerned in the mechanism of inflammatory reaction in severe burns. To evaluate the alterations of expression of NF-?B dependent proinflammatory cytokines mRNA. Thereby, to observe the regulating effects of NAC on NF-?B, and verify the medial effects of upstream signal molecules on cytokines expression. Methods:Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to each group. A 30% TBSA full-thickness scald was performed by immersing in 100℃ water for 12 seconds. PBMC were isolated at different time point after scalding. From isolated PBMC, the total RNA was isolated and the nuclear protein purified by Trizol reagents. The NF-?B proteins were measured through EMSA. Message RNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and Th2 cytokines were assayed by RT-PCR. Results:Lots of NF-?B proteins were sequester in nucleus in all burn groups. mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines were also enhanced and related to the activity of NF-?B protein in nucleus. NAC could decrease the activity of NF-?B protein in nucleus. NAC had also significantly inhibitory effects on the production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, all of Th2 cytokines measured in this study were enhanced too. Conclusions:NF-?B might be the second signal molecule from cytosol to nucleus and mediate the proinflammatory cytokines transcription in PBMC after burns. In signal transduction levels, enhancing scavengers of oxygen free radicals in PBMC may modulate the activity of NF-?B which mediate the expression of proinflammtory cytokines.

Objectives: To study the alteration of total plasma antioxidant capacity(TAC), NO and IL 6 in severely burned rats, and evaluate the relationship between TAC and NO or IL 6 production. Methods: Full thickness scald burn covering 30%TBSA was produced on SD rats. At different time the blood were collected for isolating the plasma. The TAC and NO were measured according to the protocols of kits. The IL 6 was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results:TAC decreased significantly after burns, following by the increasing production of NO and IL 6. The lowest TAC level and highest production of NO and IL 6 appeared at 6 h after burns. The correlation analysis showed that TAC and NO or IL 6 had negative correlation( r=-0.839, r =-0.783). Conclusions: The low TAC level might be the cause of the high production of inflammatory mediate such as NO and IL 6. It hints that enhancing TAC level might inhibit the production of NO and inflammatory cytokines.

Objectives:To study the alterations of calcium ion and NF ?B activation in cultured PBMC after stimulation of post burn plasma, and to investigate the roles of signal transduction pathway in the mechanisms of SIRS after burn. Methods:PBMC were stimulated with post burn plasma in vitro . The calcium ion concentration were measured by fura 2. The NF ?B protein were measured by EMSA. Results:Lots of NF ?B proteins were sequester in nucleus in all burn plasma groups. Dantrium and Nimodipine could decrease the activity of NF ?B protein in nucleus, and have significant inhibitory effects on the production of interleukin 6 and NO. Conclusions:In signal transduction levels, calcium ion may modulate the activity of NF ?B which mediate the expression of most proinflammtory cytokines.

Objective To determine collateral circulation in patients with acute ischemic stroke using capillary index score (CIS)in order to evaluate the prognosis of endovascular treatment. Methods From January 2013 to December 2015,46 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment at the Department of Neurology,Central Hospital of Baotou were enrolled retrospectively. Angiography was performed before endovascular treatment in order to complete CIS score. The patients were divided into a good prognosis group (n = 21)and a poor prognosis group (n = 25)according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS)scores. Univariate analysis was used to compare the baseline data and the clinical data of the two groups,including age,sex,history of diabetes,pretreatment systolic blood pressure,conducting intravenous thrombolysis or not,time from ictus to intravenous thrombolysis,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)score,Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS),vascular filling,time from onset to revascularization,and postoperative vascular recanalization (the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI]). Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the effect of CIS score on good prognosis. Results There were no significant differences in age,sex,history of diabetes,pretreatment systolic blood pressure,conducting intravenous thrombolysis or not,time from ictus to thrombolysis,and number of mechanical thrombectomy between the good prognosis group and the poor prognosis group (all P > 0. 05). There were significant differences in the NIHSS score (15 ± 3 vs. 19 ± 4),ASPECTS score (8 [7,10]vs. 6 [5,8]),filling well 85. 7% (18 / 21)vs. 44. 0% [11 / 25]),time from ictus to recanalization (363 ± 42 min vs. 398 ± 53 min),and postoperative vascular recanalization (mTICI≥Ⅱb)(100. 0% [21 / 21]vs. 68. 0%[17 / 25];all P < 0. 05). CIS (OR,8. 600,95% CI 2. 670 -33. 800)and mTICI grade (OR,5. 720, 95%CI 12. 170-22. 300)were significantly associated with the prognosis. Conclusion The CIS score can be used to evaluate brain perfusion. fCIS is closely associated with the good clinical prognosis. When screening the suitable patients for endovascular therapy,increasing the CIS score to evaluate the salvageable brain tissue is effective and feasible.

The widely application of the radio knife alleviates the patient's pain and improve the medical quality.The radio knife is high frequency power equipment based on the theory that electricity concentrates on the skin.It can directly cut the tissue,homeostasis and cauterize.The safety requirement of this equipment is very strict because unsafe operation will burn the tissue,cause temporal unaware hurt and even endanger the patient's life.If the safety support system is imperfect,disastrous loss or medical conflict will be caused.Users must be cautious in using and familiar with the safety and protection of the radio knife.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):96-98,104]

Objective To study the testicular breeding function and p63 expression in seminiferous tubules in androgen receptor(AR)knockout mice.Methods Eight AR knockout mice selected by Cre-lox and 8 Wistar male mice were studied.Testicular breeding function was determined by Makler score and p63 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Seminiferous tubules inner diameter deflated in AR knockout group than in Wistar group(60.0±1.5 μm vs 92.05±2.0μm,P＜0.01),peri-tube membrane thickened(4.0±0.7 μm vs 2.85=0.9 μm,P＜0.01),the number of cell layer decreased(2.0±0.3 vs 4.0±0.2,P＜0.01),generative eell maturation arrested(3.0±1.2 score vs 5.05±0.5 score,P＜0.01),Makler score was lower(8.0±0.3 vs 16.0±0.5,P＜0.01).p63 expression was lower in AR knockout group than in Wistar group and the expression was located at the stage of spermatogenous cell and spermatocyte.Conclusion Testicular breeding sperm function is damaged in AR knockout mice,lower expression of p63 mainly affects early differentiation in generative cells.

Objective To observe the effect of different temperatures on endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium overload, mitochondria and cell damage in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) induced by heat stress, and clarify the mechanism of endothelial cell injury in the process of heat stress to provide experimental basis for clinical prevention and treatment of heat stree. Methods Heat stress model of PMVEC cell was set up. Control group cells were incubated at 37℃, 5%CO2, while heat stress group cells were incubated at 39℃, 41℃, 43℃ for 2h, respectively, then further incubated at 37℃, 5%CO2 for 6h. Pretreatment of cells with 20μmol/L BAPTA-AM or 50μmol/L CsA before heat stress at 43℃. The protein levels of p-PERK, PERK p-eIF2a, eIF2a, ATF4 and GRP78 were analyzed by Western blotting. Intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential and the changes in mitochondrial permeability transition pore were investigated by flow cytometry. The change of caspase-3 was detected by Caspase Assay Kit. Millicell-ERS Volt-Ohm Meter and Accessories was used for determining the changes of transepithelium electrical resistance (TER). Results Compared with the control group, with the increase of heat stress temperature (41-43℃), the phosphorylation of p-PERK and p-eIF2a protein and the expressions of ATF4 and GRP78 proteins were gradually activated, intracellular Ca2+ increased, MPTP pore was opened, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, cell permeability increased and apoptosis occurred, and it was the most obvious in the 43℃ heat stress group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Pretreatment with Ca2+ inhibitors promoted the recovery of the MPTP hole, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell permeability, and reduced the occurrence of apoptosis. While pretreatment with the mitochondrial protective agent did not reduce the release of Ca2+, but it could promote the recovery of cell permeability and reduce the occurrence of apoptosis. Conclusion Heat stress activates endoplasmic reticulum stress response, induces intracellular Ca2+ overload mediated cell and mitochondrial damages in PMVEC cells, which may be one of the important mechanisms of endothelial cell injury induced by heat stress.

ObjectiveTo investigate the change of the level of testosterone and CD4+/CD8+ T cell in long-term mechanical ventilation patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their correlation.MethodsThe level of testosterone, count of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell were measured in 42 COPD patients accepted long-term mechanical ventilation and other 34 stable COPD patients. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was calculated.The correlation between testosterone and CD4+/CD8+ was analyzed.ResultsCompared with the stabel COPD, there were significantly differences in the level of testosterone and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in long-term mechanical ventilation COPD group(P<0.05), but there was not relationship between them.ConclusionThe level of testosterone and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were significantly decreased in COPD patients with long-term mechanical ventilation. There is no correlation between the level of testosterone and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+.