Inflammatory microenvironment plays a key role in the tumor recurrence and metastasis.The inflammation of tumor microenvironment can start the tumor metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition ;can improve the tumor invasion by degradation the extracellular matrix;in addition to,inflammation can supply appropriate microenvironment for tumor vascular angiogenesis.

Objective To study the clinical effect and influence of Feiliuping Ⅱ on the quality of life quality of lung cancer patients. Methods 60 patients of later stage of lung cancer with definite diagnosis and stages in pathology were chosen, who had approximate condition. Among them, 30 cases were in Chemotherapy-only group, and 30 cases were in Feiliuping Ⅱ +Chemotherapy group. Chemotherapy was the treatment in Chemotherapy-only group. Besides chemotherapy, Feiliuping Ⅱ was taken orally, 20 g tid poin Feiliuping Ⅱ +Chemotherapy group. Three months were a period of treatment. To evaluating effect of two groups from clinical curative effect, symptoms changes, and quality of life. Results After treatment, stable rate of focus were notably higher in Feiliuping Ⅱ +Chemotherapy group than that in Chemotherapy-only group (P

Objective To evaluate common carotid arterial intima-media thickness (IMT) and elasticity using ultrasound radio-frequency data (RF-data) technology, the normal values of the related parameters were determined in healthy adults for their potential clinical applications.Methods One hundred and sixty healthy adults were included and divided into 4 age groups with 20 males and 20 females in each group.The quantitative parameters of common carotid arterial IMT, common carotid arterial distensibility (CD),local pulse wave velocity(PWVβ) and stiffness(β) were calculated automatically.The correlations that the IMT, PWVβ and β were correlated positively with aging and CD was correlated negatively with between IMT and PWVβ or β, while no correlation between IMT and CD.The positive correlation was found correlation between IMT and age ( P＜0.05) ;In 30～39 and 40～49 years old groups,PWVβ increased and CD decreased with aging;In 50～59 years old group,PWVβ and β increased with aging;But in 60～69 years these parameters changed with aging in subjects＜60 years old.Conclusions RF-data technology could quantitativly evaluate common carotid arterial IMT and elasticity, the normal values of the related parameters were determined with aging,it may be a promising modality to assess the arterial condition.

Objective To observe the effects of laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy in the treatment of polypoid lesions of gallbladder and the effects on postoperative rehabilitation of patients. Methods 78 cases of patients with polypoid lesions of gallbladder treated in our hospital from August 2011 to November 2014 were selected as the study object. According to the order of medical treatment and hospital admission , the patients were numbered and randomly divided into laparoscopy group and combined group , with 39 cases in each group. The laparoscopy group were treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy while the combined group were treated by laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy gallbladder-protection surgery. The operation indicators , recovery of gastrointestinal function and incidence of postoperative complications in the two groups were observed. After discharge , the 2 groups of patients were followed up for 1 year. The improvement of postoperative digestive tract symptoms and rehabilitation of patients was observed. Results The intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative fasting time, defecation time and hospitalization time of the combined group [(20.13 ± 7.48) mL, (0.51 ± 0.98) d, (1.20 ± 0.84) d, (1.98 ± 1.54)d] were less than those of the laparoscopy group (P <0.05); The incidence rate of complications in the combined group (10.26%) was lower than that in the laparoscopy group (33.33%) (P < 0.05); Immediately at the end of operation and 1 week after operation, VAS scores of the combined group [(4.23 ± 0.41), (2.46 ± 0.17) ] were lower than those in the laparoscopy group (P < 0.05); At the last follow-up, KPS score of the combined group increased to (89.98 ± 1.24), which was higher than that in the laparoscopy group (P < 0.05); GradeⅠpostoperative recovery in the combined group accounted for 87.18% which was higher than that in the laparoscopy group (64.10%). There was no case of grade III and the proportion was lower than that in the laparoscopy group (15.38%). The differences in proportions of grade I and III between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion To adopt laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy in the treatment of polypoid lesions of gallbladder , the curative effect is certain and the minimally invasive advantage is obvious. The long-term recovery effect is good and the safety is high.

Objective To evaluate the hematological toxicity of craniospinal irradiation,and determine the short-term clinical efficacy and prognostic factors in medulloblastoma.Methods Eightseven patients who underwent craniospinal irradiation were retrospectively analyzed with respect to the changes in hematology during craniospinal irradiation.The effect of sex,age,tumor location,interval between surgery and radiation,interval time during radiation and radiation sequence on survival were also studied.Results The 1,2,3-year overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS) rate were 95.0％,92.4％,84.9％ and 93.7％,89.8％,80.8％,respectively.The incidence of 2-3 grade leucopenia was 90.8％,while the incidence of 1-2 grade thrombocytopenia was 70.1％,and the incidence of 3 grade thrombocytopenia was 1.1％.The incidence of 1-2 grade hemoglobin reduction was 16.1％.No patient had grade 3-4 hemoglobin reduction.Kaplan-Meier analysis shows that more favorable prognoses in terms of 3-year PFS were evident for 0-1 grade thrombocytopenia compared with 2-4 grade thrombocytopenia (x2 =3.936,P ＜ 0.05).And 3-year PFS and 3-year OS were evident for 0 grade hemoglobin reduction compared with 1-4 grade hemoglobin reduction (x2 =10.269,9.336,P ＜ 0.05).The 3-year PFS between interval time during radiation ＜ 3 days and ≥ 3 days was 84.6％ and 68.6％ (x2 =4.413,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Hematological toxicity during craniospinal irradiation and the interval time during radiation were prognostic factors.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors and treatment results of intracranial ependymomas (EPs).Methods Thirty-one intracranial EPs patients who received postoperative radiotherapy in Beijing Shijitan Hospital between January 2009 and June 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Twenty-two males and 9 females had an average age of 18 years (range 3-60 years).Seventeen patients received gross total resection (GTR) while fourteen received subtotal resection (STR).Median total radiation dose was 53.9 Gy (48.6-60 Gy).The three-year and five-year progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate analysis was performed using eight clinical and dosimetric factors by Log-Rank testing.Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the independent prognostic factors correlated to EPs.Results The median time of follow-up was 51 months.At the endpoint of the follow-up period,7 patients experienced tumor recurrence:5 had a local recurrence (LR) and 2 had both LR and distant recurrence.Six patients died,4 of which had cases of pediatric infratentorial anaplastic EPs.The three and five-year progress-free survival (PFS) were 80.6％ and 75.9％.Overall survival (OS) at three-year and five-year were 83.9％ and 76.2％,respectively.Univariate analysis showed a more favorable prognoses in terms of three-year PFS,five-year PFS and OS for GTR compared to STR (x2 =4.685,6.311,4.238,P ＜ 0.05).Besides,a more favourable univariate outcome in terms of five-year PFS was evident in patients when the total radiotherapy dose was ＞ 55 Gy compared to ≤55 Gy (x2 =4.210,P ＜ 0.05),and no severe radiotherapy complications occurred.Conclusions Surgery is the major treatment method,while adjuvant radiotherapy is important for subtotal resection and anaplastic EPs patients.Surgical resection and radiotherapy dose were relevant to prognosis.

Type 17 T helper cells (Th17) are novel subsets of CD4+ effector T cells discovered recently which are different from the traditional type 1 and type 2.They are mainly differentiated from initial T cell precursor.Tumor microenvironmental cytokines can recruit CD4 + Th17 cells from the peripheral blood into tumor sites.And the differentiation of Th17 cells is also affected by tumor microenvironmental factors.Tumorinfiltrating Th17 cells play a dual role for tumor growth in both pro- and anti-tumourigenic processes.A further understanding of the activities of Th17 cells will provide a new breakthrough point for the researches of cancer immunotherapy.

Objective:To establish an experimental phalloplasty model with sensory restoration in rabbits and to explore a new surgical technique to improve the postoperative sensory function in phallic reconstruction. Methods: Adult male New Zealand white rabbit was used. Penile reconstruction was performed with superficial epigastric faciovascular pedicle flap. Free saphenous nerve graft was dissected, embedded in the flap, and end-to-end anastomosed to dorsal nerve of penis. Postoperatively, H-E staining and CGRP immunohistochemical staining were applied to observe the morphology of the regenerated nerves in the reconstructed penis at different stages. Results:Only a few CGRP-positive fibers scattered in deep corium in the reconstructed penis 1 month after surgery, while the quantity of CGRP nerve fibers increased markedly and the CGRP-positive fibers appeared in both superficial corium and papillae corii after 3 months. Six months postoperatively, the positive nerve fibers were also observed around the cutaneous accessories and in the epidermis-corium boundary layer. Conclusion: This rabbit model demonstrates the possibility of a new method for phalloplasty with sensory recovery, which may redound to clinical application.

Objective To explore the effect of Chaihu Shugan Powder (CSP) on the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hippocampus and the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2(TPH2) in median raphe nuclei in depression rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group(n=12),model group (n=12),fluoxetine group (n=12),low-dose and high-dose CSP group (n =12,respectively).Depression model was made by reserpine intraperitoneal injection.During the experiment,the weight and the open-field scores were calculated;the content of 5-HT was detected by ELISA.The expression of TPH2 in median raphe nuclei was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the weight ((225.02±5.23) g),the open-field scores ((12.6± 5.1)score) and content of 5-HT ((1.09±0.27) ng/ml) in the model group,high-dose CSP showed significantly improve the depressive rats in weight,open field score and content of 5-HT ((238.78±5.16) g,(15.6±7.8) score and (1.80±0.58) ng/ml,respectively;P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The expression of TPH2 (0.66±0.21) in median raphe nuclei in the high-dose CSP group was apparently increased compared with that in the model group(0.16±0.04) (P ＜0.01).Conclusion CSP have the effects of anti-depression,which could be related with the increase of the 5-HT content in the hippocampus and the expression of TPH2 in median raphe nuclei.

Objective To evaluate the difference between CT and CT/MR DWI images for gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation in precision radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods 20 patients with pathologically confirmed as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were selected for target delineation.The GTV based on CT and CT/MR DWI images of the patients were delineated by six radiation oncologists.The mean,standard deviation,coefficient of variation (CV =standard deviation/mean) of GTV volume,the ratio of minimum value and maximum value (ratio =maximum value/minimum value) of the GTV volume were calculated.And the CV and ratio of the GTV by the two methods were compared.Results The biggest difference of GTV volume on CT and on CT/MR DWI images was 55.71 and 13.89 cm3 (F =12.80,P ＜ 0.05).The CV on CT and CT/MR DWI images were 0.30 ± 0.08,0.11-±0.04 (Z =-3.92,P ＜ 0.05),and the ratio of GTV volume were 2.38 ± 0.62,1.34 ± 0.13,respectively (Z =-3.92,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CT/MR DWI images could display GTV more directly,which may help to increase consistency of GTV for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma delineation among different radiation oncologists.