Objective To observe the value of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound (TVCDU) in the diagnosis of endo-metrial lesions.Methods All 246 patients suspected of endometrial diseases underwent TVCDU and transabdominal ultra-sonography.Ultrasonographic characteristics,especially the uterine endometrial thickness and blood flow distribution were observed,and the results were compared with surgery and pathological results.Results A total of 242 patients were pathologically diagnosed as endometrial diseases.TVCDU diagnosed 232 cases,with the diagnostic accordance rate of 95.87%.Transabdominal ultrasonography diagnosed 182 cases,with the diagnostic accordance rate of 75.21%.TVCDU was superior to transabdominal color Doppler examination (P<0.05).Conclusion TVCDU has high diagnosis accordance rate and can be used as routine examination of endometrial diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative percutaneous dilatational trache-otomy (PDT)in oral and maxillofacial surgery anesthesia versus traditional surgical tracheotomy (ST).Methods General data,vital signs,operation time,anesthetics,the amount of bleeding and complications during the procedure were analyzed after reviewing the clinical data of 124 cases under-going radical correction of oral and maxillofacial tumor plus flap transferring and repairing and trache-otomy during May 2013 to May 201 5.Results A total of 124 cases were divided into two groups:PDT group (group P,n =41)and ST group (group S,n =83).There was no significant difference of general data between the two groups.The incision length and operation time were significantly shorter and the amount of bleeding was remarkably lower in group P than those in group S (P <0.05),while the incidence of complications was not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion PDT has more advantages over traditional ST and is a better airway approach in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of solifenacin in the treatment of patients with bladder spasm after transurethral resection of prostate based on current evidence.Methods We searched Pubmed,EMbase,the Cochrane Library,CBM,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Database from the establishment to October 2016 for the published literature on the treatment of patients with bladder spasm after transurethral resection of prostate with solifenacin.Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies.Then,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of 11 RCTs involving 621 patients were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that:compared with the no-solifenacin group(n=311),the numbers of bladder spasm episodes[MD=-1.38,95%CI(-1.97,-0.97)P<0.00001],duration of bladder spasm[MD=-0.26,95%CI(-0.41,-0.11),P=0.0008],the time of bladder perfusion clearance[MD=-0.59,95%CI(-0.88,-0.29),P<0.0001],indwelling catheter delivery[MD=-0.29,95%CI(-0.48,-0.11),P=0.09]in solifenacin group(n=310) reduced significantly,and there was no statistical difference in the incidence of overall adverse events between the two groups[RR=0.71,95%CI(0.17,2.98),P=0.64].Conclusion Current evidence indicates that solifenacin is more effective and safe in the treatment of patients with bladder spasm after transurethral resection of prostate.Due to the limited quantity and quality of the include studies,more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

AIM:To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on acute lung injury induced by H9N2 swine influenza virus ( SIV) in mice.METHODS: BALB/c mice were used to establish the animal model of acute lung injury by nasal inoculation of H9N2 SIV.The mice were divided into control group (without SIV infection), H9N2 SIV group (inoculation of H9N2 SIV) and NAC group (inoculation of H9N2 SIV plus pretreatment with NAC).The pulmonary edema was evaluated by determining the lung wet weight /dry weight ( W/D) ratio.The pathological changes of the lung tis-sues were observed .The concontrations of TNF-α, IL-1βand IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) were meas-ured.The virus titer, T-SOD activity, MPO activity and MDA content in the homogenate of the lung tissues were detected . RESULTS:Treatment with NAC decreased the morality of infected mice , and significantly prolonged the survival time of infected mice .The pathological changes of the lung tissues , the lung W/D ratio and the lung index were relieved when SIV infected the mice treated with NAC .Treatment with NAC significantly decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells inclu-ding macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils in the BALF .The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1βand MDA and the activity of MPO were also decreased.Treatment with NAC also significantly increased the T-SOD activity.CONCLUSION: The protective effect of NAC on the acute lung injury mouse model is related to suppression of the oxidative stress and inflamma -tory responses .

Objective To study the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen(HO)for the delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP)Method One hundred and eleven patients who were diagnozed as the DEACMP from November 2000 to March 2007 in Tangdu Hospital the Fourth Military Medical University were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty-six cases were treated by onventional approach(group A),and 76 cases by HO besides conventional treatment(group B).The efficacy of HO was evaluated after 4courses of treatment. The curative effects were evaluated as(1)cured:clinical symptoms and signs fully disappeared,abnormal electroencephalogram recovered,patients were completely self-help and competent enough for routine work.(2)improved:chnical symptoms and signs partly disappeared,abnormal electroencephalogram partly recovered,patients were partial self-help and incompetent enough for routine work.(3)inefficacy:patient's condition didn't changed.Data were expressed as((x)±s)and analyzed with the chi-quare test and t-test.The statistical significance was established as P＜0.05.Results In group B,62(81.58%)were in good recover,9(11.84%)improved and 5(6.94%)were inefficacy;while in group A:21(58.33%)were in good recover,5(13.89%)were improved and 10(27.78%)were inefficacy.The effciency rate in group B was significantly higher(93.42%)than that(72.22%)in group A(P＜0.05),and the required time for the therapeutic effect noticed time in group B were significantly shorter(P＜0.05)Conclusions HO Can improve the therapeutic effects on DEACMP

BACKGROUND:Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can increase oxygen diffusing capacity, thereby, improve hypoxic state of brain edema and brain tissue and promote the recovery of physiological function of brain cells in focal zone, the establishment of bypass circuit, and regeneration and repair of brain cells.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on c-fos oncogene expression of rats at different time points following acute focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury.DESIGN : Randomized grouping animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Emergency, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital;The General Hospital of the Air Force of Chinese PLA; Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Center, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Center, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in April 2002. Sixty-five 2-month-old healthy male SD rats.METHODS: The involved rats were randomized into: model group (n =20), normal control group (n =5), pure oxygen treatment group (n =20) and HBO treatment group (n =20). In the model group, following the method of Koizumi et al, rat models of middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemia were developed. In the normal control group, only occlusion of arterial blood flow was omitted; In the pure oxygen treatment group, the operation procedure was the same as that of model group, and embolus being drawn out at ischemia for 1 hour, rats were placed in the hyperbaric cabin at 2,9,21, 45 and 69 hours after embolus being inserted, and they inhaled pure oxygen under the normal pressure; In the HBO treatment group, the operation procedure was the same as that of model group, and rats inhaled pure oxygen for 1 hour under 0.25 MPa pressure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: By means of immunohistochemical and pathohistological methods, neutrophilic infiltration,c-fos oncogene protein and positive cell expression in cerebral cortex, preoptic area and corpora striatum of rats in each group were observed at cerebral I/R 5, 12, 24 and 72 hours; Neuronal necrosis degree in cerebral cortex, medial area of corpora striatum and preoptic area, and cerebrovascular leakage area of left cerebral hemisphere of rats were calculated.RESULTS: Sixty-five rats were involved in the final analysis. ① c-fos positive products mainly focused in the center of the preoptic area, but they were occasionally seen in the contralateral cortex, slightly expressed in the preoptic area and moderately expressed in the corpora striatum, c-fos positive products began to reduce in the above-mentioned area at ischemia 12 hours, and were obviously reduced at ischemia 24 hours; c-fos positive products in the cerebral cortex and preoptic area were obviously weakened in the HBO treatment group than in the simple ischemia group; At I/R 12 hours,neutrophils in the preoptic area and corpora striatum were significantly lower in the HBO treatment group than in the model group, respectively(P ＜ 0.05); At I/R 24 hours, neutrophils in the cerebral cortex, preoptic area and corpora striatum were significantly lower in the HBO treatment group than in the model group (P ＜ 0.05). ② Cerebrovascular leakage area was more significantly contracted in the HBO treatment group than in the model group (P＜ 0.05); At I/R 72 hours, the number of injured nerve cells in the optic chiasm cortex, medial area of corpora striatum and preoptic area was significantly smaller in the HBO treatment group than in the model group (P＜0.05). Neuronal damage was not found in the sham-operation group.CONCLUSION: HBO can markedly contract cerebrovascular leakage area of rats with acute focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, alleviate the symptoms of nervous system, inhibit neutrophilic infiltration and c-fos oncogene protein expression in the infarct area, and reduce neuronal necrosis in the "penumbral region".

BACKGROUND:Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning may lead to delayed amnesia in rats,and which is similar to delayed neurologic syndrome caused by acute CO in human.So,this experiment is to investigate the pathogenesis of delayed neurologic syndrome by studying acute CO poisoning in the rats.OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes in delayed neuronal damage and memory after acute CO poisoning in the rats,and analyze their correlation.DESIGN:Randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING:Department of Emergency,Tangdu Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA;Department of Laboratory Medicine,Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital;The General Hospital of the Air Force of Chinese PLA,Center for Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment,Department of Aerospace Medicine,Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS:This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Aviation Pathology and Molecular Biology,Department of Aerospace Medicine.Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from July to November 2005.Fiftyhealthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomized into control group and CO poisoning group,with 25 rats each.METHODS:The awake rats in the CO poisoning group were placed in self-made jar for poisoning,then which was pumped with 0.999 volume fraction of CO.Rats in the jar inhaled the mixture of CO and air for 60 minutes.The average volume fraction of CO in the jar was 3.451×10-3.Rats in the control group were untouched.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①The step down test was carried out in the rats before and 1,3,5 and 7 days after Coexposure.Escape latency was used as an index for evaluating the ability of memory retention.Shorter escape latencyindicated poor memory ability.②Pathological changes of brain tissue:After step down test was carried out following 1,3,5 and 7 days of CO exposure,6 rats were separately sacrificed in each group,and their brains were harvested.The brain tissue sections were performed haematoxylin & eosin (HE) staining for observing pathological injury degree and the amount of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region.③SPSS 10.0 software was used to analyze the relationship of the amount of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region and escape latency.RESULTS:Forty-eight rats were involved in the final analysis.①There were no significant differences in escape latencyon the 1"and 3"days after CO exposure between two groups. but escape latency in the CO poisoning group was significantly shorter than that in the control group on the 5th and 7th days after CO exposure(P＜0.05,0.01).②There were no significant changes in the amount of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region on the 1st day after CO exposure between CO poisoning group and control group,but pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region in the CO poisoning group were significantly reduced on the 3rd,5th and 7th days after CO exposure,and 1 5%dead pyramidal neurons were found on the 7th day after CO exposure.③Decrease of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was significantly correlated with shortening of escape latency of rats in the CO poisoning group(r=0.270,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Acute CO poisoning leads to delayed neuronal damage,which causes delayed amnesia.

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the ischemic brain injury, and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can improve ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-caused nerve injury. Whether the effect of HBO is associated with NO? Its mechanism needs to be further investigated.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-positive neurons of rats following acute focal cerebral I/R injury and HBO treatment.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Emergency, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital; The General Hospital of the Air Force of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS : Sixty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen and randomized into 5 groups: sham-operation group (n =5), sham-operation +HBO treatment group (n =5), model group (n =28), modeling +HBO treatment group (n =28). Ischemia 5,12, 24 and 72 hours four time points were set in the later 2 groups, 7 rats at each time point.METHODS: ①Rats in the model group and modeling+ HBO treatment group were created into models of middle cerebral artery ischemia according to the method from Koizum. Then, an embolus was inserted for ischemia; One hour later, the embolus was drawn out. Inserting embolus was omitted in the other two groups.②Rats in the sham operation + HBO treatment group and modeling + HBO treatment group were placed in HBO chamber at ischemia 2, 9, 21, 45 and 69 hours, separately, and given HBO treatment for 1 hour (0.25 MPa absolute pressure).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rats in each group were sacrificed at corresponding time points, and their brains were harvested. The distribution and morphology of NOS positive cells in cortical area, preoptic area, lateral and medial corpora striata of infarct region at the level of optic chiasma were observed with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate -diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemical method.RESULTS: After supplement, 66 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①After ischemia, NOS-positive neurons changed in morphology, mainly presenting prominences were reduced or disappeared, neurons changed from ellipse or triangle into global shape, and shrank; Body of neuron darkly dyed; Both nucleus and cytoplasm were deeply dyed into dark blue; NOS-positive neurons with changed morphology were mostly in lateral corpora striatum, followed by preoptic area and medial corpora striatum, and those in the cortical area were few. NOS-positive neurons with changed morphology were not found in the sham-operation group and sham-operation + HBO treatment group. ②In the model group, NOS-positive neurons with changed morphology were increased with elongation of I/R time. At each time point, NOS-positive neurons in cortical area, preoptic area and medial corpora striatum in modeling + HBO treatment group were less than those in model group, but NOS-positive neurons in two groups both reached their peaks at ischemia 72 hours [Cortical area: (15.46±3.02) vs.(30.52±4.73)/visual field; Preoptic area:(28.56±4.05) vs. (68.81±7.84)/visual field; medial corpora striatum:(21.09±3.83) vs.(45.71±5.24)/visual field; all P＜0.01].CONCLUSION: HBO obviously inhibits the degeneration of NOS-positive neurons in acute focal cerebral I/R injury regions of rats, such as cortical area, preoptic area, medial corpora striatum, and so on

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate whether kaempferol protects against acute lung injury induced by swine -origin influenza A H9N2 virus via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway .METHODS:BALB/c mice were used to estab-lish the animal model of acute lung injury by nasal inoculation of swine-origin influenza A H9N2 virus.After the interven-tion with kaempferol , the pulmonary edema was evaluated by determining the lung wet weight /dry weight ( W/D) ratio, the pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed , the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1βand IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and MDA content in the homogenate of the lung tissues were detected .NF-κB P65 levels were determined by Western blot , and the NF-κB P65 and NF-κB P50 nuclear translocation in the nuclear extracts from mouse lung tissue homogenate was detec-ted by ELISA .RESULTS:Treatment with kaempferol decreased the morality of infected mice , and significantly prolonged the survival time of the infected mice .Kaempferol also relieved the pathological changes of the lung tissues , the lung W/D ratio and the lung index in swine-origin influenza A H9N2 virus-infected mice.Treatment with kaempferol significantly de-creased the infiltration of inflammatory cells including macrophages , lymphocytes and neutrophils in the BALF .The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1βand MDA and the activity of MPO were also decreased .Treatment with kaempferol also significantly increased the SOD activity .NF-κB P65 levels were decreased , and the NF-κB P65 and NF-κB P50 nuclear translocation in the nuclear extracts from the mouse lung tissue homogenate were also decreased by treatment with kaempferol .CONCLU-SION:The protective effect of kaempferol on the mice with acute lung injury induced by swine -origin influenza A H9N2 vi-rus is related to suppression of the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by down-regulation of NF-κB signaling path-way.

Objective To establish a REDE-DHPLC method for detecting the EGFR and KRAS mutations in plasma DNA from tumor patients, and investigate its clinical significance. Methods Restriction endonucleases Mse Ⅰ , Msc Ⅰ , BstN Ⅰ and Bgl Ⅰ were used to digest the wild type fragments of exon 19,exon 21 of EGFR gene and coden 12, 13 of KRAS gene for enriching the mutation fragments, and REDE-DHPLC method was established to detect EGFR and KRAS mutations. The sensitivities of REDE-DHPLC and conventional DHPLC were analyzed by using a series of plasmids containing 50%, 10%, 5%, 1% and 0. 1% mutation genes. Then, Plasma samples and paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 120 NSCLC patients and 120 colorectal cancer patients were detected by REDE-DHPLC. Compared with conventional DHPLC and sequencing, the diagnostic efficiency of REDE-DHPLC method was evaluated by detecting the mutation status of 2 genes in plasma of NSCLC and colorectal cancer patients. Results The sensitivity values of REDE-DHPLC and conventional DHPLC for detecting mutations in 4 loci were 0. 1% and 1%respectively. Plasmid DNA containing 0.1% mutation gene was detected to be positive continually for 2 to 3 times by REDE-DHPLC. EGFR mutation rates of 120 plasma from NSCLC patients detected by REDE-DHPLC, conventional DHPLC and sequencing methods were 27. 5%, 16. 7% and 12.5% respectively, and KRAS mutation rates of 120 plasma from colorectal cancer patients were 38. 3%, 25. 8% and 16. 7%,respectively. The positive rates of EGFR and KRAS mutation detected by REDE-DHPLC were significantly higher than conventional DHPLC(x2 = 4. 092, 4. 301, all P ＜ 0. 05 ) and sequencing method (x2= 8. 438,14. 127,all P ＜ 0. 05 ). In comparison with conventional DHPLC, the sensitivities of REDE-DHPLC for detecting EGFR and KRAS mutation were 100% (20/20,31/31), the specificities were 87. 0% (87/100)and 83. 2% (74/89). In comparison with sequencing method, the sensitivities of REDE-DHPLC were 100%( 15/15,20/20), the specificities were 82.9% (87/105)and 74. 0% (74/100). The coincidence rate of the two methods for detecting EGFR and KRAS mutation were 89. 2% ( 107/120, Kappa = 0. 690, P ＜ 0. 05 ) and 87.5% ( 105/120, Kappa= 0. 718, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The Consistency of EGFR and KRAS mutation status in plasma and tissues detected by REDE-DHPLC were 91.7% (33/36, Kappa =0. 939,P ＜0. 05)and 90. 2 %(46/51, Kappa = 0. 914, P ＜ 0. 05 ), respectively. Conclusions The REDE-DHPLC method is highly sensitive and specific for detecting EGFR and KRAS mutations in plasma DNA from tumor patients. The results are easy to be interpreted without missing homozygous point mutation, which indicate that the detection of EGFR and KRAS mutations in plasma DNA by REDE-DHPLC could therefore extend to be usedin clinical laboratory.