Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy ofZi Wu Liu Zhu Na Jia needling (acupuncture based on midnight-noon ebb-flow theory) in treating spastic hemiplegia after cerebral stroke by using surface electromyography (sEMG).Method Fifty-two patients with spastic hemiplegia due to cerebral stroke were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 26 cases each. The two groups were both intervened by conventional rehabilitation training. In addition, the treatment group was givenZi Wu Liu Zhu Na Jia needling and the control group was given ordinary acupuncture. The two groups were treated once a day, 15 sessions as a course. The ambulation ability, muscle tension, neurological deficit score (NDS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMA), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were evaluated before the intervention and after 2 treatment courses, and the sEMG signals were also collected and analyzed.Result The Holden's Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC) and Modified Ashworth Scale scores were significantly changed in the two groups after the intervention (P<0.01). After the intervention, the FAC and MAS scores in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05). The NDS, FMA and BBS scores were significantly changed in the two groups after the treatment (P<0.05). The NDS, FMA and BBS scores in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group after the treatment (P<0.05). Of the sEMG signals, H/M max in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group after the intervention (P<0.01).Zi Wu Liu Zhu Na Jia needling with rehabilitation training can significantly mitigate the muscle tension and promote the activities of daily living in patients with spastic hemiplegia after cerebral stroke.

Object To investigate the properties of layer crystal structure and its interlayer absorption and expansibility in montmorillonits clay lattice, which provide a basis for the montmorillonite as medicine adjuvant.Methods Montmorillonite sample was separated and purified from clay minerals, and the diameter of particle was less than 1 ?m in colloid, the setting film sample was ready-made, and the samples were analyzed with X-ray diffraction.Results The information of interlayer change pattern on montmori-llonite clay was obtained with different conditions.Conclusion Montmorillonite as swelling and adsorption clay minerals and form an interlayer absorption is possible and the X-ray diffraction can determine the amounts of layer distance.

Optical coherency tomography (OCT) is one of the powerful optical imaging tools that allows cross-sectional tomography of the microstructure in living subjects with high resolution. With the rapid development of OCT and a wide range of preclinical and clinical tumor imaging, it provides profound insights into the complex physiological, cellular and molecular behaviors of tumors. Preclinical OCT has elucidated many inscrutable aspects of tumor biology, while clinical applications of OCT are revolutionizing diagnosis and therapies. As a new noninvasive optical imaging technique, OCT can realize the intraoperative imaging of tumor and provide meaningful image data, which will provide great help for the diagnosis, classification and boundary determination of tumor diseases in the future.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of needle-sharing behavior among intravenous drug users (IDUs).Methods Data regarding socio-demographics,drug abuse characteristics and HIV related health literacy of 474 heroin IDUs were collected.Antisocial personality disorder of IDUs was diagnosed through Mini international neuropsychiatric interview.Results The prevalence of needle sharing among IDUs was 53.8％.Needle-sharing behavior of IDUs was significantly associated with male gender,marital status of being single and separated/divorced,local dwelling,an early age of first drug abuse and antisocial personality disorder (OR =1.11 ～ 6.69,P＜0.05).Conclusion Heroin IDUs have high prevalence of needle sharing.A comprehensive social,behavior and psychology based intervention is needed to effectively prevent HIV infection in IDUs.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture plus constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in recovering neurologic function of patients with spastic hemiplegia.MethodSixty patients with post-stroke spastic hemiplegia were randomized into an electroacupuncture group, a CIMT group, and an electroacupuncture+CIMT (integrated) group to receive corresponding intervention in addition tothe ordinary rehabilitation treatment, 20 cases in each group. Before treatment and after 4-week treatment, the modified Ashworth Scale, Clinical Neurologic Deficit Scale, Short-form Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMA), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were adopted for evaluation and comparison.ResultAfter 4-week treatment, the Ashworth score and neurologic deficit score were significantly reduced in the three groups (P<0.01), and the scores in CIMT group were significantly lower than that in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05), and the scores in the integrated group were markedly lower than that in the other two groups (P<0.05); the FMA and BBS scores were significantly increased after intervention in the three groups (P<0.01), and the scores in CIMT group were higher than that in the elctroacupuncture group (P<0.05), and the scores in the integrated group were higher than that in the other two groups(P<0.05).ConclusionElectroacupuncture plus CIMT can reduce the muscular tension of the affected limb in patients with spastic hemiplegia, and improve the neurologic function, motor function, and the quality of life of the patients.

Objective To study the effects on electroporation of Qingfengteng cataplasma transdermal absorption and describe the characteristics of animal pharmacokinetics of it.Methods Two-chamber diffusion cell was used and the plasma drug concentration was determined by HPLC.The application of AIC theory to analysis of the compartmentally based model of sinomenine transdermal delivery by electroporation.Results The Cmax,Ka,and AUC0→∞ of electroporation was larger than those of passive diffusion;t1/2(Ka)and tmax of electroporation were reduced compared with passive diffusion.The drug concentration-curve equation were C=2.884?(e-0.056 t-e-0.232 t)and C=2.512?(e-0.058 t-e-0.149 t)for electroporation and passive diffusion,respectively.Conclusion The change of in vivo drug concentration of Qingfengteng calaplasma transdermal absorption by electroporation could be analized in accordance with mammillary one-compartment open model.The etrectroporation technology could sharply enhance the bioavalibility compared with the passive diffusion.

Objective To investigate the possibility of performing epicanthoplasty with same stage small incision blepharoplasty. Methods At the same stage of designing small incision blepharo-plasty, modified "Z" plasty without flap transposition was designed. The upper lid incisive line of epi-canthoplasty was bided in the double eyelid fold, while the lower eyelid incision located at the edge of eyelid. Results A series of 56 patients were treated with this method. Satisfactory esthctical result of double eyelid fold and inner canthus shape was achieved. Conclusion This modified method including epicanthoplasty combined with same stage small incision blepharoplasty has the advantages of minimal scar formation, easy to design perform and in accordance with physiology.

Objective To investigate the change and significance of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and intersititial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the small intestine of rats with postoperative ileus (POI).Methods Thirty healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group ( 15 rats) and POI group ( 15 rats) according to the random number table.The gastrointestinal transit rates of the 2 groups were detected.The distributions and expressions of iNOS and c-kit in the small intestines of the rats in the 2 groups were detected by immunohistochemical staining,and the mRNA expressions of c-kit and iNOS were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).All data were analyzed by the t test.Results Two rats in the POI group died of excessive dosage of anaesthesia or hypothermia,and the remaining 13 rats in the POI group were included in the analysis.The gastrointestinal transit rate was 42％ ± 14％ in the POI group,which was significantly lower than 64％ ± 13％ in the control group ( t =6.56,P ＜ 0.05 ).The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of cells with c-kit positive staining was 8.9 ± 2.9,which was significantly smaller than 14.4 ± 5.0 in the control group ( t =3.97,P ＜ 0.05 ).The number of cells with iNOS immune-positive reaction increased to 13.6 ±4.9,while there was nearly no cells with iNOS immune-positive reaction in the control group.The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative mRNA expressions of c-kit and iNOS were 1.6 ± 0.8 and 2.2 ± 1.2 in the POI group,and 2.6 ± 1.1,0.5 ± 0.5 in the control group.There were significant differences on the mRNA expressions of c-kit and iNOS between the POI group and the control group ( t =2.86,4.61,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions ICC reduction and iNOS increase are observed in rats with POI.The change of the 2 factors may plav an important role in the mechanisms of POI.

In order to improve the precision and robustness in determination of soluble solids content ( SSC) of ‘Fuji ’ apple by NIR spectroscopy and eliminate the effect of origin variability on the accuracy of NIR calibration models for the SSC, sample set partitioning based on joint x-y distances ( SPXY) was used to select representative subset from the apple samples of 4 different origins. As a comparison, partial least square ( PLS) was used to establish local origin and hybrid origin models for the prediction of SSC in apple. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling ( CARS ) and successive projections algorithm ( SPA ) were implemented to select effective variables of the NIR spectroscopy of SSC of apple. The results indicated that the PLS model established based on the 4 origin apple samples performed better than local origin and other hybrid origin models. The model could be effectively simplified using 16 characteristic variables selected by CARS-SPA method from full-spectrum which had 3112 wavelengths. The correlation coefficient (Rp) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0. 978 and 0. 441 oBrix, respectively for SSC. It was found that the model developed by more samples of different origins combined with effective wavelengths showed good prediction ability for apple sample of unknown origin, which indicated that it could significantly reduce the origin effect on the robustness of NIR models for SSC of apple.

Objective To investigate the effects of pelvic nerve transection on the colonic motility and the expression of transit receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in the colon mucosa.Methods Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups based on a random number table:(1) 18 rats in the control group remained untreated and were fed regularly;(2) 39 rats in the sham operation group received laparotomy,and the pelvic nerves were stripped;(3) 39 rats in the operation group received laparotomy with pelvic nerve transection before abdominal closure.Colonic transit was assessed respectively at postoperative day 1,3,and 7 by injecting and calculating the geometric center (GC) of the distribution of 51Cr after 3 hours of propagation.The expression of TRPA1 in the colonic mucosa was determined by Western blot at postoperative day 1,3,7.Data with normal distribution were expressed by (x)± s,and were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA or LSD test.Results The GC values of the distribution of 51Cr in the sham operation group at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 5.8 ± 0.9,7.5 ± 0.5,7.3 ± 0.5,with a significant difference (F =9.508,P ＜ 0.05).The GC values of the distribution of 51Cr in the operation group at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 4.9 ± 0.4,5.6 ± 0.4,6.4 ± 0.8,with a significant difference (F =11.689,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the GC values of the distribution of 51 Cr at postoperative day 1 and 3 between the sham operation group and the operation group (t =2.227,7.144,P ＜ 0.05),while no significant difference was detected at postoperative day 7 (t =2.162,P ＞ 0.05).The results of Western blot showed that the relative expressions of TRPA1 in the proximal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 1.00 ± 0.05,1.00 ± 0.07,1.00 ± 0.06 in the control group,with a significant difference (F =0.055,P ＞ 0.05).The relative expressions of TRPA1 in the proximal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 0.78 ± 0.09,0.94 ± 0.08,0.95 ± 0.12 in the sham operation group,with a significant difference (F =5.651,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expressions of TRPA1 in the proximal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 0.37 ± 0.12,0.89 ± 0.10,0.92 ± 0.14 in the operation group,with a significant difference (F =41.005,P ＜0.05).There was significant difference in the relative expressions of TRPA1 in the proximal part of the colon among the 3 groups at postoperative day 1 (F =73.497,P ＜ 0.05),while significant differences were respectively detected between the control group and the sham operation group and the operation group at postoperative day 1 (t =4.224,11.954,P ＜ 0.05),and significant difference between the operation group and the sham operation group was also observed (t =7.730,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of TRPA1 in the proximal part of the colon among the 3 groups between day 3 and day 7 (F =2.087,0.656,P ＞ 0.05).The relative expressions of TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 1.00 ± 0.05,1.00 ± 0.07,1.00 ± 0.06 in the control group,with no significant difference (F =0.055,P ＞ 0.05).The relative expressions of TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7were 0.68 ±0.11,0.98 ±0.12,1.11 ±0.16 in the sham operation group,with a significant difference (F =16.975,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expressions of TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon at postoperative day 1,3,7 were 0.39 ± 0.12,0.78 ± 0.10,1.06 ± 0.13 in the operation group,with a significant difference (F =50.417,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the relative expression of TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon among the 3 groups between day 1 and day 3 (F =58.773,8.680,P ＜ 0.05),while significant differences were respectively detected between the control group and the sham operation group and the operation group at postoperative day 1 (t =5.706,10.837,P ＜ 0.05),and significant difference was also detected between the operation group and the sham operation group (t =5.131,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon between the control group and the sham operation group at postoperative day 3 (t =0.166,P ＞ 0.05),while significant differences were respectively detected between the control group and the operation group and between the sham operation group and the operation group at postoperative day 3 (t =3.694,3.528,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of the TRPA1 in the distal part of the colon between the 3 groups at postoperative day 7 (F =1.319,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Injury to pelvic nerves adversely affects colonic transit and expression of TRPA1 in mucosa.With a compensatory mechanism from the intestinal itself,these alterations in intestinal motility function normalize over time suggesting expression of TRPA1 in mucosa plays a crucial role in the recovery of intestinal motility function.