Cardiac cell was cultured in low (5%) and normal (20%) bovine serum medium with or without molybdenum (Mo) supplementation (0.7ppm). Spontaneous contraction of the cultured cells was examined periodically. It was observed that the spontaneous contraction of the cardiac cells cultured in the low serum medium was better than that in the same medium without Mo and the frequency of the contraction was almost near the one cultured in normal serum medium. Some strengthen effect of Mo on the contraction was also seen in cardiac cell cultured in the normal serum medium with Mo.It suggested that Mo was necessitated in the contraction of cardiac cell and might be involved with the pathogenesis of certain cardiac diseases and Keshan disease and with their prophylaxis and treatment as well.

Proximal femur consists of femoral head, femoral neck and trochanter. The neck and trochanteric parts of femur are easy to get fractured under conbolution forces. As the conservative treatment tends to cause high rates of complication and mortality, more and more surgeons vote for early internal fixation in recent years. The best treatment for femoral neck fracture is now internal fixation with cannulate screws, especially for the patients with good bone density, fundus and intertrochanteric fractures as well as the type I, type Ⅱand part of type Ⅲfractures in Gardon's classification. Although intertrochanteric fractures are relatively stable, but internal fixation is necessary for good results and prevention of complications. DHS(dynamic hip screw)are advisable for A1, part of A2 and A3 intertrochanteric fractures in AO classification, especially for A1 cases. PFN (proximal femoral nail) is designed for intertrochanteric fractures, inversion and elevation intertrochanteric fractures. In order to get better prognosis in patients older than 70 years and with serious osteoporosis and A2 3, A3 3 fractures, we designed a special kind of prosthesis for them and therefore get satisfactory results.

Objective To study the feasibility of measuring radiation absorbed dose with the fluorescent probe Alexa Fluor 488-DNA-BHQ1.Methods An oligonucleotide dually labeled at its 5'-and 3'-end with fluorescent molecular Alexa Fluor 488 and specific fluorescence inhibitors BHQ1 was prepared.The Alexa Fluor 488-DNA-BHQ1 aqueous solution was exposed with X-ray and its fluorescence intensity was measured.Results When the concentration of Alexa Fluor 488-DNA-BHQ1 was between 0.5 and 1 μmol/L,the fluorescence intensity of its aqueous solution had excellent linear dose response from 0.1 to 30 Gy (R2 =0.99) and it was stably maintained after 40-80 min of irradiation especially at 4℃.Conclusions In the dose range of 0.1-30 Gy,the Alexa Fluor 488-DNA-BHQ1 fluorescent probe can be used to measure radiation absorbed dose.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of surgical treatment of comminuted and intra articular fractures of the distal radius. Methods Forty two cases of comminuted and intra articular fractures of distal radius encountered from January 1999 to January 2001, were operated upon either with internal fixation with the Titanium screw plate or with external fixator according to the types of fracture. Patiens data: there were 14 male and 28 female patients with age of 21-69 years and an average of 36 years; fractures on the left side in 18 and right side in 24 cases. The fractures were categorized according to the AO classification of distal radial fractures: 3 cases of type B1; 8 cases of type B2(dorsal Barton fracture); 4 cases of type B3(volar Barton fracture); 14 cases of type C1; 8 cases of type C2 and 5 cases of type C3. Types B1, B2, B3 and C1 with unsatisfactory closed manipulation were treated primarily with open reduction and internal fixation with an oblique T shaped pure Titanium plate and screws; types C2 and C3 were primarily treated with external fixators; depending upon the condition of reduction during surgery; Kirshners wires were applied accordingly. Twenty six cases were treated with oblique T shaped pure Titanium plate and screws, 9 with open reduction and external fixator, 7 cases were treated with Kirshners wires and external fixator. According to the types of fracture, the pure Titanium plate and screws, simple internal fixation+external fixator, and only external fixator was used accordingly. Results All 42 patients were followed up regularly. According to AO evaluation of the wrist joint movement, 83.3%(35 cases) of the patients had satisfactory functional outcome, 14.3%(6 cases) had quite satisfactory results and only 2.4%(1 case) had unsatisfactory functional outcome. Conclusion The reduction of the distal radial fractures should include the maintenance of the relative length of the radius and ulna, the smoothness of the articular surface and the palmar and ulnar deviation angles. The shortening of the radius results in the pain with movement and the restriction of function, and hence is considered to be the most important factor affecting the joint function. The ulnar deviation is quite easy to restore, and its mal angulation is rare. The reduced palmar deviation angle results in the restriction of the wrist flexion. For the comminuted and intra articular distal radial fractures, the surgical reduction for the maintenance of the relative length of the radius and ulna, a good reduction of articular surface, reduction of palmar and ulnar deviation angle are the key points for a successful outcome. Early functional exercise is equally important for the best recovery of wrist function.

Objective To explore the surgical treatment of ankle fractures and observe the postoperative rehabilitation. Methods Of 120 cases (68 males and 52 females, age range 18-72 years, average 26.8 years), there were 55 cases with injury on the left ankle and 65 on the right. Eight cases had only medial malleolus fracture, 21 pure lateral malleolus fracture, 58 bimalleolar fracture and 33 trimalleolar fracture.According to Danis-weber's classification, there were eight cases belonging to type A, 78 type B and 34 type C. The lag cancellous screw and tension band were used for medial malleolus and the pure titanic plate and screw for lateral malleolus fractures. The compression screw for 4.5 mm was inserted from anterior part to fixate the posterior malleolus fractures with defects bigger than 1/4 of the joint surface. The criterion was anatomic reduction under naked eyes. Postoperative function exercise was performed with no plaster for external fixation. Results A followed up for 6-12 months showed that 113 cases (94.2%) could walk as normal, 7 (5.8%) felt ache at the culf and uncomfortable at the ankle when walking and 116 satisfied with the results with satisfaction rate of 96.7%. Conclusions Exact reduction,stable internal fixation and active postoperative rehabilitation can help the joint recover to normal function in most cases with ankle fractures.

Objective To evaluate the treatment method and clinical outcome of the aged distal radius fractures. Methods 171 cases with fractures of distal radius from January 1999 to March 2004 were analysed. There were 31 males and 140 females(mean age, 67.3 years; range, 60-76 years). The fractures were classified according to the AO classification of distal radial fracture: 7 B1, 12 B2, 8 B3, 27 C1, 22 C2 and 19 C3. The operation group included 95 patients, 19 males and 76 females(mean age, 69.1 years; range, 60-76 years). 45 were on the left side and 50 on the right side. The non-operation group included 76 patients, 12 males and 64 females(mean age, 65.1 years; range, 60-69 years). 34 were on the left side and 42 on the right side. The fractures type were the following: 35 A2, 24 A3, 5 B1, 4 B2, 3 B3, 2 C1, 1 C2 and 2 C3. For the type A fractures, the priority of treatment was the close reduction and plaster immobilization; for the type B and C1 fractures, it was the open reduction and "T" titanium plate fixation when the close manipulation failed; for the type C2 and C3 fractures, the "T" titanium plate fixation would take the precedence of other methods; and when the fractures were closed to the joints, the external fixator would take the place of plate. Furthermore, the locking compression plate could be selected for the severe osteoporosis. Results Only 22 cases of patients were followed-up in the non-operation group(mean 7 months; range, 4-22 months); but all of 95 operated patients were followed-up(mean 6.5 months; range, 3-20 months). The fractures all healed on X-ray. According to Aro's evaluation of the distal radial fracture, in the non-operation group, there were 11 excellent, 9 good, 1 fair and 2 poor, the good-excellent rate was 86.9%; while in the operation group there were 46 excellent, 40 good, 7 fair and 2 poor, the good-excellent rate was 90.6%. Conclusion The different methods of treatment should be used for distal radial fracture according to the patient types. In case of the fracture and deformity in the articular surface or severe comminuted fracture in the metaphysis of the distal radius, the operation is indicated; and the manipulation can be used in simple metaphysis fractures with a good bone quality.

Objective To discuss the application value of external fixator to treat the fractures of children according to the characteristics of the fracture of chidren. Methods 25 cases of different complicated fractures of children were treated with external fixator from Jan,1999 to Aug.2001, and given function exercises in the earlier periode after operation. Results The mean follow up time was 10 months. All the fractures healed.The recovery of function was excellent in 88%cases.The long effect is to be observed. Conclusions Using of external fixator to treat the complicated unstable fractures of children can make definite reduction,help to observe and manage the limb and skin after operation,and greatly meet the needs of the fractures of children.The external fixator has a great clinical application value in treating different complicated fractures of children.

Objective:To investigate the beneficial effect of erythropoietin(EPO)on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis(EAE).Methods: The severity of EAE mice with or without EPO therapy were evaluated through clinical symptoms score and histological observation.Mononuclear cells from spleens,lymph nodes, brains and lumber spinal cords were applied to flow cytometry to detect ratios of CD4~+T subgroup, scales of apoptotic and dead cells, levels of inflammatory cytokines.LDH release of peripheral mononuclear cells were examined after incubating with EPO at different concentrations.Results: EPO ameliorated clinical symptoms and infiltration of pathological inflammatory cells in EAE mice(P＜0.05); Ratio of CD4~+T subgroup, levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ in EAE mice with EPO therapy were significantly lower than those of EAE control group(P＜0.05).No statistical significant differences existed on scales of dead cells, levels of IL-10 and CD4~+ CD25~+ T cells (P＞0.05).EPO at the concentrstions of 1-1 000 U/ml had no effect on LDH release of peripheral mononuclear cells(P＞0.05).Conclusion: EPO play the role of neuroprotecion in EAE mice by the way of decreasing infiltrating inflammatory cells and lowering the levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ.

ObjectiveSystematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and complications of olecranon osteotomy and bilateral approach through triceps brachii for the treatment of intercondylar humeral fractures. MethodsTo search the domestic and foreign literatures published from January 1980 to March 2008 about the treatment of intercondylar humeral fractures, which use olecranon osteotomy approach and bilateral ap-proach through triceps brachii. Systematically evaluate these literatures using the methods of systematic re-view provided by the Cochrane collaboration. ResultsAfter the screening and evaluation to the literatures, 33 published literatures that met the inclusive criteria of this study were collected. There were a total of 876 cases of patients whose follow-up data was integrity (olecranon osteotomy approach group for 509 cases;bilat-eral approach through triceps brachii group for 367 cases) and these cases had provided the postoperative scores of elbow joint function. The excellent and good rates of postoperative score of elbow joint function for the type C2 and C3 fracture patients in the olecranon osteotomy approach group were 82.32% and 79.38% respectively; while those in the bilateral approach through triceps brachii group were 70.59% and 64.71% respectively. The former was significantly higher than the latter. The excellent and good rate of the type C1 fracture patients between two approaches groups showed no statistical significant. Fourteen literatures provid-ed the data about postoperative complications, the incidence of complications of patients that received ole-cranon osteotomy approach was 4.72%(95%CI 4.70%-4.74%), and the results also showed that compared with bilateral approach through triceps brachii (8.17%, 95%CI 8.13%-8.21%). ConclusionTo treat inter-condylar humeral fractures, postoperative efficacy of olecranon osteotomy approach is better than that of the bilateral approach through triceps brachii. Using olecranon osteotomy approach can get adequate exposure, easy open reduction and internal fixation, quick recover and less complication.

Objective To investigate the effects of artificial semi-shoulder joint replacement for humerus proximal fractures in the aged patients. Methods From January 2004 to February 2007, 42 elderly patients who had been diagnosed as three or four-part fractures of proximal humerus received humeral head replacement. The rotor cuffs were repaired during operation, and the lesser tuberosity and greater tuberosity were reconstructed. Early functional exercise was carried out according to the Neer rehabilitation principles. Results All the patients were followed up for 10 to 28 (mean, 12.7) months postopera-tively. Their shoulder functions were assessed by the ASES (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon) score. Obvious pain relief was observed. Eleven cases were excellent, 24 good, 4 fair and 3 poor. The good-to-excellent rate was 83.3%. No prosthetic loosening was noted in this group, but upward shift of the shoulder prosthesis occurred in 3 cases, slight limitation of upward movement in 1 case and absorption of lesser or greater tuberosity in 4 cases. Conclusion Artificial semi-shoulder replacement can be applied for three or four-part fractures of proximal humerus in the aged patients.