This article analyses the measures concerning how to improve the quality and ensure the effect of pre-graduate practice on the enlarging of enrollments of GDPU.By discussing the multi-aspects of pre-graduate practice,such as integrating concentrate practice with decentralization practice,setting up the steady practice base,double-tutor system,strengthening the monitor of practice,multi-model of practice,in combination with industry,education and research etc.the article explores the approach to the reform of mode of the pre-graduate practice.

Objective To investigate the expressions of CYCLIND1 CDK4 in pancreatic cancer and their relationship with clinlicopathological parameters.Methods Immunohistochemical detector with new second generational tow steps method was used to detect the expressions of CYCLIND1 CDK4 and PCNA in 48 cases of pancreatic cancer and 14 cases of chronic pancreatitis.Results The expressions of CYCLIND1 CDK4 proteins in pancreatic cancer were 70.85%(34/48)and 62.50%(30/48) respectively.The CYCLIND1 and CDK4 proteins were increased(P

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (LD) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treated with HAART in China.Methods A total of 137 AIDS patients treated with HAART for more than 2 years were analyzed.Sixteen clinical parameters (including gender,age,baseline body mass index,baseline human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] viral load,stage of disease,routes of HIV transmission,baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count,white blood cell count,fasting plasma glucose level,serum triglycerides level,serum cholesterol level and other laboratory results,and HAART regimens) that might be associated with HAART-LD occurrence were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models.Results HAART regimens were significantly correlated with HAART-LD (P=0.031),while the remaining 15 factors were not associated with the risk of HAART-LD (all P＞0.05).Patients who received stavudine d4T)-containing regimen was 2.684 times more likely to develop HAART-LD than patients who received zidovudine (AZT)-containing regimen (95 ％ CI:1.302-5.531,P=0.007) ; HAART-LD prevalence rates were gradually increased with treatment duration in both groups.First HAART-LD was seen at 24 weeks in both d4T group and AZT group,and the prevalence rates were 2.7％,1.6％ at 24 weeks,27.0％,7.9％ at 48 weeks and 37.8％,15.9％ at 96 weeks respectively.The prevalence of HAART-LD in d4T group was much higher than that in AZT group and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =8.285,P=0.004).Conclusions HAART regimen is an independent predictor of HAART-LD.HAART-LD tend to occur more frequently in patients treated with d4T or AZT,especially d4T.Our study recommends to avoid the use of d4T-contained HAART regimen.

Objective To investigate Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression in tumor associated inflammation in patients with adamantinomatous craniopharyngima..Methods Fifty-four patients (31 male and 23 female) with craniopharyngioma from 3 to 66 years of age were recruited from May 2004 to March 2006.NF-κB and Osteopontin (OPN) expression in human craniopharyngiomas were detected using immunohistochemical staining.High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a systemic marker of inflammation, was examined in patients' tumor hydatid fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and serum.Results NF-κB expression was significantly increased in the adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.Spearman;s correlation analysis demonstrated that NF-κB expression was associated with OPN expression.The hs-CRP level was also increased in the tumor hydatid fluid (4.28±0.90 mg/mL), cerebrospinal fluid (0.035±0.006 mg/mL) and serum (1.72±0.54 mg/mL) in patients with adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.Conclusions NF-kappa B is closely associated with tumor associated inflammation which further mediates adhesion of tumor to surrounding important structures in patients with adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.

Objective:To measure vertical axis length of humerus head in patients with proximal hu-meral fractures and to evaluate the use of structure screws in proximal humerus internal locking osteosyn-thesis system ( PHILOS) .Methods:From January 2007 to February 2014,117 patients with proximal hu-merus fracture were treated by PHILOS plate.Preoperatively, all the patients tookanteroposterior X-ray of shoulder, and the vertical axis length of humerus head were measured, and the use of structure screws in PHILOS plate was observed.Results: There were 40 male and 77 female patients; The vertical axis length of humerus head in male patients was (47.64 ±3.44) mm, and the rate of structure screw use was 52.5%;The vertical axis length of humerus head in female patients was (42.46 ±3.21) mm, and the rate of structure screw use was 32 .5%.The vertical axis length of humerus head and the rate of structure screw use had significant difference in the male and female groups (P<0.05).Conclusion:The rate of structure screw use was low in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture by PHILOS plate, especially for women.We should improve the design of plate according to the anatomical characteristics of Chinese.

Objective To explore whether the mitochondrial toxicity markers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)are of significance in monitoring mitochondrial toxicity during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA),mitochondrial thymidine kinase (TK2 )and p53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase small subunit 2 (p53R2 )were selected as mitochondrial toxicity markers.The expression changes of theses markers of PBMC in 22 AIDS patients were detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR)at baseline,48 weeks and 96 weeks after initiation of the treatment. All the patients received stavudine/zidovudine and lamivudine as the mainstay of the HAART regimen. Independent-samples t test was used.Results The relative expression level of mtDNA in patients before HAART was 3.27 ± 0.94,and decreased to 2.16±0.85 at week 48 and 1 .66±0.66 at week 96, respectively.The differences were both significant compared with the level prior to the treatment (t =-3.90,P <0.01 and t =-6.29,P <0.01 ,respectively).The relative expression level of TK2 before HAART was 0.37 ±0.13,and increased to 1 .01 ±0.25 at week 48 and 2.13 ±0.61 at week 96 of the treatment.After pairwise comparisons of the three pairs of data (pre-HAART vs week 48 of the treatment,pre-HAART vs week 96 of the treatment and week 48 vs week 96 of the treatment),the differences were all significant (t = 10.77,8.00 and 3.56,respectively;all P < 0.01 ).The relative expression level of p53R2 was 0.86±0.39 before HAART,but gradually increased to 2.36 ±1 .14 and 7.73±0.65 ,respectively,at week 48 and week 96 of the treatment.The differences in p53R2 levels among three groups after pairwise comparison were all significant (t=3.27,12.26 and 13.25,respectively;all P < 0.01 ).Conclusions The expression levels of mtDNA,TK2 and p53R2 in PBMC could change significantly during HAART in AIDS patients,which might be used as indexes for monitoring mitochondrial toxicity.

Objective To know the changing characteristics of residents' iodine nutritional status after eating salt with different iodine concentrations in Hubei Province,according to the assessment standard of iodine nutrition recommended by WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD provide a scientific standard for appropriate iodine concentration in edible salt.Methods According to inhabitants' salt and urine surveillance of Hubei in 2010,Xinzhou District,Tianmen City and Changyang County were selected for trial.Salt with two kinds of iodine content was used in 3 trial areas in 4 months for the study of community intervention.Before the intervention,3 months and 4 months after the intervention,urine samples of observed participants(40 from 8-10 old children,40 from pregnant women or lactating women and 40 from adults aged older than 18) were collected and tested.The urinary medians of different groups of people and at different times were calculated and compared.Results Three months and 4 months after the intervention,in those towns using iodized salt of (15 ± 3) mg/kg,the urinary medians of children,declined from 294.2 μg/L to 185.6,195.7 μg/L,respectively.The urinary medians of pregnant women or lactating women dropped from 269.0 μg/L to 141.7,176.1 μg/L.For adults aged 18 and older,the urinary medians changed from 304.9 μg/L to 199.7,202.2 μg/L.In those trial towns of using (25 ± 3)mg/kg iodized salt,the urinary medians of children,pregnant women or lactating women and adults older than 18 all went down from 301.1 μg/L to 229.7,253.8 μg/L,from 261.4.0 μg/L to 196.6 and 206.5 μg/L and from 379.7 μg/L to 244.3,237.4 μg/L,respectively.Conclusions According to the assessment standard of iodine nutrition recommended by WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD and the decreasing of urinary iodine median and per capita daily salt intake,salt with 25 mg/kg iodine is suitable as the average level of salt iodine concentration after the adjustment in Hubei Province.

Objective To observe the effects of ( - )-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on human prostate cancer xenografted tumor growth and connexin43 expression in nude mice,and explore the mechanism of the EGCG on prevention for prostate cancer.Methods The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and annexin-V/PI double-labeled flow cytometry methods were used to observe the growth inhibiting rate (IR)and apoptosis rate (AR) of human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 which was treated by EGCG at different concentration (10,20 and 40 mg/L,respectively).The scrape-loading fluorescence dye transfer method was applied to assess the gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) through fluorescence microscope.PC-3 cells were subcutaneously transplanted to establish tumor-bearing nude mice model.A total of 32 mice were randomly divided into four groups,both control group and three treatment groups were treated with different doses of EGCG ( 10,20 and 40 mg/kg,respectively).After two weeks,the mice prostate tumor tissues were taken out.The tumor wet weight was measured and tumor growth inhibiting rate was calculated.The tumor microvascular density (MVD) and apoptosis index (AI) were detected by the immunohistochemical techniques and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling techniques,respectively.Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression level of the Cx43 mRNA.Results EGCG at concentration ( 10 and 20 mg/L) could significantly inhibit the proliferation[(22.33 ±4.62)％,(38.67 ±5.67)％ vs (3.47 ±0.31 )％,P ＜0.01],induce the apoptosis [(7.84 ± 1.37 ) ％,( 24.53 ± 2.28 ) ％ vs ( 2.17 ± 0.70 ) ％,P ＜ 0.01] and enhance the GJIC of PC-3 cells.EGCG of different doses could inhibit prostate cancer xenografted tumor growth,induce tumor cells apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis.EGCG ( 20 and 40 mg/kg) could effectively up-regulate Cx43 mRNA expression in xenografted tumor (0.58 ± 0.08,0.80 ± 0.07 vs 0.42 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.0 ).The effects had significant correlation with the dose-dependent of EGCG ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions EGCG could up-regulate the Cx43 expression and enhance the gap junction intercellular communication mediated by Cx43 in the prostate tumor,which provide the experimental evidence for the mechanism of its effectively inhibiting the prostate cancer growth.

Objective To investigate the gene expression of PIWIL2 in the bladder urothelial carcinoma (BTCC) and siRNA interact on PIWIL2 gene expression in human bladder cancer cell line BIU-87.Methods Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the PIWIL2 expressions in tissues of BTCC (46 cases),cystitis glandularis(21 cases),adjacent non-cancerous tissues (17 cases) and normal bladder tissues (7 cases). 3 specific siRNA targeted PIWIL2 gene were synthesized after designed and transferred. After siRNA was transferred into BIU-87 cells, MTI and TUNEL methods were applied to detect the proliferation inhibitory rate (IR) and apoptosis index (AI) in BIU-87 cells,qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to examine effects of siRNA on the expressions of the PIWIL2 gene and protein,respectively.Results The expression rate of PIWIL2 mRNA in BTCC tissues was 76.08 ％(35/46) and significantly higher than those in the cystitis glandularis tissues (42.86 ％,9/21),adjacent non-cancerous tissues (41.17 ％,7/17) and normal tissues (7.14 ％,1/14) (P =0.008,P =0.010,P =0.000).The IR [(37.52±8.84) ％,(64.36±9.64)％] and (62.94±8.43) ％] and AI [(26.18±5.42) ％,(38.75±6.19) ％ and (40.02±5.64) ％] of BIU-87 cells in the siRNA 1～3 groups were respectively significantly higher than those [(1.97±0.02) ％ and (3.35±0.47) ％] in the control group(P=0.000),and expressions of PIWIL2 mRNA and protein in the siRNA groups were both lower than those in the control group. Moreover, the effects of siRNA 2 group and siRNA 3 group on inhibiting PIWIL2 expression, IR and AI of BIU-87 cells were stronger than siRNA 1 group. Conclusion The over-expression of PIWIL2 suggested that it played an important role in the mechanism of development and malignant progression of BTCC. The siRNA of transcription can significantly inhibit its expression, induce cell apoptosis and inhibit the growth of BIU-87 cells which might provide the experimental evidence for the gene targeting therapy of bladder tumor.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism for intraperitoneal injection of sapylin to enhance the anti-tumoral immune functions of peritoneal macrophages.Methods:72 cases of patients with early or middle stage gastrointestinal cancer were peritoneally injected saline or sapylin, 48 h or 24 h before operation. The peritoneal macrophages(PM?) was harvested during their operations. The number of the PM? was counted. The phagocytosis, the enzyme activity of LDH and ACP,and the NO secretion were analyzed. Using human gastric cancer cell line MKN1 as target cells, the anti-tumoral cytotoxicity of the PM? was observed.The greater omentum was harvested,both the number and the size of the omental milky spots were measured.Results:I.p. injection of sapylin significantly increased the number, the phagocytosis, the enzyme activities,NO secretion and anti-tumoral cytotoxicity of the PM?, as well as the number and the size of omental milky spots.Conclusion:By activating omental milky spots, intraperitoneal injection of sapylin increased the number and enhanced the immune function of PM?, the activated PM? showed enhancement of anti-tumoral cytotoxicity.